Effect of luting cement thickness on the bond strength of glass fiber posts to dentin.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of cement thickness and luting cement type on the push-out bond strength of glass fiber posts (GFPs) to root dentin. Sixty human maxillary root-filled canines or premolars with single straight roots were randomly divided into 6 groups (n = 10) according to the GFP configuration (conventional or relined with composite resin) and the cement used (RelyX U200, Ketac Cem, or Allcem Core). After endodontic treatment and GFP cementation, all of the roots were sectioned perpendicular to their long axis to obtain 1.0-mm-thick slices (n = 6 per group), which were mounted on a universal testing machine and submitted to a push-out test. The data (n = 45 to 51 specimens per group because of pretest failures) were analyzed by means of 2-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey tests (α = 0.05). The type of failure was determined under a stereomicroscope, and representative specimens were observed with scanning electron microscopy. Significant interactions between the cements and GFP configurations were detected in the coronal and apical thirds (P < 0.05; 2-way ANOVA). For the coronal third, both RelyX U200 cement groups exhibited the greatest push-out bond strengths but were not significantly different from the Allcem Core relined group. For the middle third, no statistically significant interactions were observed between the cements and GFP configurations (P = 0.232; 2-way ANOVA). Adhesive failure between the dentin and cement layer was the most frequently observed failure mode. As expected, because of the composite resin added to relined GFPs, the cement layer was thinner in those groups. The type of cement used played an important role in the push-out bond strength.

Description of two new species of Pheles Herrich-Schäffer, [1853] and notes on the taxonomic position of two species hitherto included in the genus (Riodinidae: Riodininae).

Two new species of Pheles Herrich-Schäffer, [1853], Pheles plaumanni Dolibaina & Dias sp. nov. and Pheles obscura C. Mielke, Dolibaina & Dias sp. nov. are described from southern Brazil. Through the comparative study of the morphology of the head, labial palpus and the genitalia two species are removed from Pheles and the following new combinations are proposed: Pachythone bicolor (Godman & Salvin, 1886) comb. nov. and Melanis caatingensis (Callaghan & Nobre, 2014) comb. nov. The species studied are pictured and details of the head and genitalia are illustrated.

Two new species of Esthemopsis C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865 (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae: Symmachiini) from southeastern and northeastern Brazil, with taxonomic comments on Esthemopsis teras (Stichel, 1910) stat. rev. and Esthemopsis pallida Lathy, 1932 stat. nov.

Two new species of Esthemopsis C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865 from southeastern and northeastern Brazil are described, Esthemopsis sateri sp. nov. and Esthemopsis diamantina sp. nov., and revised and new combinations are proposed for Esthemopsis teras (Stichel, 1910) stat. rev. and Esthemopsis pallida Lathy, 1932 stat. nov., respectively. Lectotypes are designated for Lepricornis teras Stichel, 1910 and Esthemopsis caerulea pallida Lathy, 1932. The habitus of male and female specimens of the species discussed are illustrated; male head and labial palpus pictures, male and female genitalia illustrations are provided.

A new species of Aricoris Westwood, [1851] belonging to "chilensis" group (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae).

A new species of Riodinidae from the grasslands of South Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina, Aricoris schneideri sp. nov., is described.

New species of Mesenopsis Godman & Salvin, 1886 (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae: Symmachiini) from southeastern Brazil, with an illustrated key to the genus.

A new species, Mesenopsis jordana sp. nov., from southeastern Brazilian states of Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, and São Paulo is described and a taxonomic dichotomous key for species of the genus Mesenopsis is provided. Additionally, mimetic models for species of Mesenopsis are suggested and a new distribution record for M. albivitta is provided.

Revision of the genus Stichelia Zikán (Riodinidae: Riodininae: Symmachiini), with the description of a new species from southern Brazil.

A new species from southern Brazil, Stichelia catarinensis sp. nov., is described and lectotypes for Charis dukinfieldia Schaus, 1902 and Phaenochitonia bocchoris suavis Stichel, 1911 are designated. Phaenochitonia bocchoris suavis Stichel, 1911 syn. nov. is considered synonymous with Amarynthis bocchoris Hewitson, 1876. Two species groups are recognized: "cuneifascia" species group, including S. cuneifascia and S. catarinensis sp. nov., and "bocchoris" species group, including S. bocchoris, S. dukinfieldia and S. pelotensis. Additionally, a taxonomic dichotomous key and morphologic illustration for the species of the genus are provided.

A new species of Vehilius Godman, 1900 (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae, Hesperiinae) endemic to the Caatinga, northeastern Brazil: taxonomy, biology and behavior.

A new species belonging to the genus Vehilius Godman, 1900, Vehilius jabre Medeiros, Souza & Kerpel sp. nov., endemic to the Caatinga biome, northeastern Brazil, is here described based on data from adult and immature stages. Information about the biology, hostplant, distribution, and adult and larval behavior of the new species is provided. The new species is morphologically similar to Vehilius warreni (Weeks, 1901), but can be distinguished by a set of characters on wings and male and female genitalia. Adults and genitalia for both sexes of V. jabre sp. nov. and V. warreni are illustrated and compared.

A review of the South American metalmark genus Alesa Doubleday, 1847 (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae: Eurybiini) with the description of two new species.

The taxonomy of the South American metalmark butterflies of the genus Alesa Doubleday, 1847 is reviewed. A new taxonomic arrangement for Alesa is supported after the analysis of about 600 specimens, including the recognition of two new species, described herein, A. juliae sp. nov. and A. mariae sp. nov.. Alesa negra Röber, 1931, so far recognized as a junior subjective synonym of A. telephae (Boisduval, 1836), is here recognized as a valid species (stat. rev.) and A. amethystina Gallard & Fernandez, 2015 as a junior subjective synonym (syn. nov.) of A. negra, and A. fournierae Lathy, 1958 is recognized as a junior subjective synonym (syn. nov.) of A. amesis (Cramer, 1777). Neotypes are designated for Papilio amesis Cramer, 1777, Erycina prema Godart, [1824] and Mimocastinia egeria Biedermann, 1936. Lectotypes are designated for Erycina priolas Godart, [1824], Eurybia telephae Boisduval, 1836, A. smaragdifera Westwood, 1851, A. lipara Bates, 1868, A. hemiurga Bates, 1868, A. thelydrias Bates, 1868, and Mimocastnia rothschildi Seitz, 1913. Three previously established species groups are here supported by morphological characters including the following species, "prema group": A. prema, A. esmeralda Salazar & Constantino, 2007, A. beneluzi Gallard & Fernandez, 2015, A. rothschildi and A. juliae sp. nov.; "telephae group": A. telephae, A. humilis Brévignon, 2015, A. negra stat. rev. and A. suzana Ahrenholz & Hall, 2010; and "amesis group": A. amesis, A. mariae sp. nov., A. lipara Bates, 1867, A. hemiurga Bates, 1867 and A. thelydrias Bates, 1867. Adults and their genitalia are illustrated for all species available to examination. The main diagnostic characters used to distinguish the species belonging to the "amesis group" are illustrated, and pictures of adults images in situ and distribution maps are provided. Additionally, all species are diagnosed and discussed based on their morphology.

Underreporting and Triggering Factors for Reporting ADRs of Two Ophthalmic Drugs: A Comparison between Spontaneous Reports and Active Pharmacovigilance Databases.

(1) Aims of the study: calculating the underreporting ratio for two different medications, a fixed combination of 0.5% timolol + 0.2% brimonidine + 2.0% dorzolamide (antiglaucoma) and a fixed combination of sodium hyaluronate 0.1% + chondroitin sulfate 0.18% (artificial tears) for characterizing the features influencing the reporting of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in spontaneous reporting. (2) Methods: The underreporting ratio was calculated by comparing the adverse drug reactions reported in the spontaneous reporting database for every 10,000 defined daily doses marketed and the adverse drug reactions from an active surveillance study for every 10,000 defined daily doses used for different drugs (antiglaucoma and artificial tears). The factors related to the report in spontaneous reporting through statistical tests were also determined. (3) Results: The underreporting ratio of spontaneous reporting was 0.006029% for antiglaucoma and 0.003552% for artificial tears. Additionally, statistically significant differences were found for severity, unexpected adverse drug reactions, and incidence of adverse drug reactions in females when compared with spontaneous reporting and active surveillance. (4) Conclusions: The underreporting ratio of ADRs related to ophthalmic medications indicates worry since the cornerstone of pharmacovigilance focuses on spontaneous reporting. Additionally, since underreporting seems to b selective, the role of certain aspects, such as gender, seriousness, severity, and unexpected ADRs, must be considered in future research.

A Rare Case of Bladder Perineurioma.

Perineuriomas are benign, rare neoplasms of the nerve sheath, basically in two forms: intraneural and extraneural. Extraneural forms are mainly found in the trunk and limbs, while visceral organs are rarely affected. To date, there have been no previous reports in the literature of bladder perineurioma. In this case, we report a young adult with hematuria and bladder tumor which after surgical resection and immunohistochemical study was confirmed to be a perineurioma. Therefore, this should be included in the differential diagnosis during the analysis of resections of bladder tumors.

Health profile of free-range wild boar (Sus scrofa) subpopulations hunted in Santa Catarina State, Brazil.

Wild boars represent a potential dissemination source of important pathogens to public and animal health, since they can host several pathogens. This study aimed to evaluate the health profile of wild boars hunted for population control in the state of Santa Catarina (SC), south of Brazil. For this study, tissue and blood samples were collected from 61 wild boars hunted from October 2017 to November 2018. All 61 serum samples were screened for antibodies by different assays, presenting the following seroprevalence: 52.4% for porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2); 21.3% for Leptospira spp.; 19.7% for Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae; 13.1% for hepatitis E virus (HEV); and 9.8% for influenza A virus (IAV). No seroreaction was observed for Brucella spp. and classical swine fever virus (CSFV). At necropsy, the main lesions observed were evidence of pulmonary metastrongylid parasites, haemorrhagic lymph nodes and white-spotted liver. Histopathological analyses mainly showed interstitial pneumonia, bronchopneumonia and bronchi-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) hyperplasia. There was a significant association between metastrongylid parasitism and BALT hyperplasia in lungs. Pathological findings of wild boars indicate that the assessed individuals were not exposed to notifiable diseases, such as CSFV, African swine fever virus and foot-and-mouth disease, which cause economic damage by non-tariff trade barriers. However, the detection of antibodies against PCV2 and M. hyopneumoniae, pathogens that impact commercial production, indicates the circulation of these agents, with frequency variation in wild populations. This shows the potential risk of pathogen transmission among domestic swine populations and free-living ones. The detection of antibodies against zoonotic agents such as HEV, IAV and Leptospira spp., other than characterizing the pathogens' circulation in these populations, suggests a potential risk to public health and pig farming, depending on the interactions established with the environment, humans and domestic swine.

Taxonomic review of the "Probetoriformes" species group of Symmachia Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae), with the description of two new species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest.

The "Probetoriformes" species group of Symmachia Hübner, [1819] proposed by Stichel (1910; 1930) is redefined based on morphological evidence, and the species herein included in the group are revised. Two new species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest are described: S. atlantica Dias, Dolibaina Mielke sp. nov. and S. uirassu Dolibaina, Dias Casagrande sp. nov. Additionally, one restituted status, S. championi Godman Salvin, 1886 stat. rest., one revalidated status, S. belti Godman Salvin, 1886 stat. rev., and one new status, S. meyi Brévignon, 1998 stat. nov., are proposed; therefore, the "Probetoriformes" species group, as herein conceived, includes 10 of the about 60 species of the "catch-all" genus Symmachia. A neotype for Papilio probetor Stoll, 1782 and lectotypes for S. probetor form astiama Seitz, 1913, S. belti and S. championi are designated. The female of the recently described species S. divisora Dolibaina Leite, 2012 is recognized and described for the first time. Additionally, morphologic illustrations and a dichotomous key for species of the "Probetoriformes" species group are provided.

Two new Andean species of Alychna Grishin, 2019 (Hesperiidae, Hesperiinae, Hesperiini, Moncina) from Bolivia and Peru.

Two new species of Alychna Grishin, 2019, Alychna chulumani Medeiros, Dolibaina O. Mielke sp. nov. from Bolivia (La Paz, Chulumani) and Alychna argenteus Medeiros, Dolibaina Casagrande sp. nov. from Peru (Huánuco, Carpish) are described. Illustrations of the wing pattern, forewing stigma and male genitalia of the two species are provided.

A review of the Neotropical skipper genus Sodalia Evans, 1955 (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Hesperiinae) with the description of a new species.

The Neotropical skipper genus Sodalia Evans, 1955 and its respective species are revised. Sodalia includes five species: S. sodalis (Butler, 1877) (type species), S. argyrospila (Mabille, 1876), S. coler (Schaus, 1902), S. petiti Gaviria-Ortiz, Dolibaina A. Warren sp. nov. (described from low to mid elevations of the western Andes of Ecuador and from the Cordillera de la Costa in Venezuela), and Sodalia spangla (Evans, 1955) comb. nov. hitherto combined with Mnasitheus Godman, 1900. Lectotypes for Pamphila sodalis Butler, 1877 and Achlyodes argyrospila Mabille, 1876 are designated. The genus and species are redescribed and illustrations of relevant morphological characters necessary for identification are provided, as well as updated distributional maps.

Taxonomic revision of the genus Panca Evans, 1955 (Hesperiidae: Hesperiinae: Hesperiini: Moncina) with the description of two new species.

The South American genus Panca Evans, 1955 and its respective species are revised. Previous to this study, the genus included solely its type species, Lerodea subpunctuli Hayward, 1934, until Panca moseri Dolibaina, Carneiro O. Mielke, 2017 was described recently. However, as a result of a broader morphological study including closely related genera, we here propose that Panca assembles 12 species, most of which inhabit open environments such as the Cerrado biome and the natural grasslands of the Atlantic Forest biome. Eight species formerly included among other genera of Moncina are here combined with Panca: Panca satyr (Evans, 1955) comb. nov., Panca tobiasi (Mielke, 1992) comb. nov., Panca trogon (Evans, 1955) comb. nov., Panca steinhauseri (Dolibaina A. Warren, 2015) comb. nov., Panca acroleuca (Plötz, 1884) comb. nov., and Panca mirnae (O. Mielke, Dolibaina, Carneiro A. Warren, 2015) comb. nov. (all formerly in Artines Godman, 1901), Panca paulo (Bell, 1932) comb. nov. (formerly in Eutocus Godman, 1901), and Panca mictra (Evans, 1955) comb. nov. (formerly in Vidius Evans, 1955). Additionally, two new species are described from Brazil: Panca puri Medeiros, O. Mielke Casagrande sp. nov. (from Pará, Pernambuco, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro and Paraná) and Panca xavante Medeiros, O. Mielke Dolibaina sp. nov. (from Mato Grosso, Goiás, Distrito Federal and Minas Gerais). A neotype for Apaustus acroleuca Plötz, 1884 is designated. Illustrations of the male and female genitalia and distribution maps are presented for all the species of Panca and an identification key is provided for both sexes.

Taxonomy of five neglected South American species of Dargida Walker (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

The taxonomy of five South American species of Dargida Walker currently allocated in Leucania Ochsenheimer (four species) and in Lasionycta Aurivillius (one species) is revised. Leucania roseilinea (Köhler, 1947), Leucania phaeoneura Hampson, 1913, Leucania mocoides Dognin, 1897, Leucania alboradiata (Hampson, 1905) and Lasionycta radiata (Köhler, 1966), are here combined with the genus Dargida Walker for the first time (comb. nov.). Two new synonyms are proposed, Leucania roseilineoides Poole, 1989 is an objective junior synonym of Borolia roseilinea Köhler, 1947 (syn. nov.) (ICZN 51.4), and B. lilloana Köhler, 1947 is a subjective junior synonym of Leucania phaeoneura Hampson, 1913 (syn. nov.). Lectotype for Borolia lilloana is designated to ensure nomenclatural stability and recognizability of the taxon. All species are redescribed and discussed, and the habitus and male and female genitalia (when available) are given, as well as an updated geographical map.

First records of Leucania rawlinsi Adams and L. senescens Möschler (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Brazil: redescription, potential association with Bt maize, larval parasitoids, and spatial and temporal distribution.

Every year the area of transgenic maize planting in Brazil expands, however, our knowledge of the fauna of herbivorous insects associated with this genetically modified crop is restricted. In this work we report for the first time the occurrence of Leucania rawlinsi Adams, 2001 and L. senescens (Möschler, 1890) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Brazil with larvae feeding on Bt and non-Bt maize silk, as well as their braconid and tachinid larval parasitoids. In order to facilitate the specific identification of these species in future studies, redescriptions of adults including high resolution images are provided. In addition, spatiotemporal distribution data of both species are presented based on systematic surveys at 13 localities in Brazil and the examination of material deposited in several scientific collections. The results are presented and discussed to contribute to the evaluation of the complex of species associated with agricultural systems that include grass crops, especially maize, including Bt varieties.

Taxonomy of the rivorum species-group of Leucania Ochsenheimer, 1816 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

The rivorum species-group of the genus Leucania (Noctuidae: Noctuinae: Leucaniini) is circumscribed and taxonomically revised, with the inclusion of three species. New taxonomic hypotheses were achieved through the morphological analysis of about 250 specimens allied to the type material of L. rivorum Guenée, 1852; L. pampa Schaus, 1894, stat. rev.; and Neleucania multistria Köhler, 1947, stat. rev., the last two resurrected from synonymy with L. rivorum and Dargida lithophilus (Butler, 1882), respectively. Adult habitus and morphology of the genitalia support the transfer of Neleucania multistria to Leucania, comb. nov. Lectotypes for L. rivorum and L. pampa are designated to ensure nomenclatural stability and recognizability of these taxa. Additionally, the similar, rust-colored species Leucania chejela (Schaus, 1921) is compared with species of the rivorum species-group, and is recorded from South America for the first time. All species of the rivorum group are re-described, with high-resolution images of taxonomic characters of the adults (head, patagium, and male and female genitalia), and updated distributional maps presented.

Taxonomic revision of the genus Tarmia Lindsey, 1925 stat. rev. (Hesperiidae: Hesperiinae: Hesperiini: Moncina) with the description of a new species from the Andes.

The genus Tarmia Lindsey, 1925, long considered a junior synonym of Phanes Godman, 1901, is here revised and its status is revalidated based on morphological evidence. Two Andean species are included in Tarmia: the type species, T. monastica Lindsey, 1925 comb. rev., and a new species herein described, Tarmia greeneyi A. Warren, Medeiros, Dolibaina O. Mielke sp. nov., from Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia. The male's symmetrical valvae and aedeagus with a twisted median portion, and the very wide ductus bursae of the female genitalia support Tarmia as valid genus apart of Phanes. Illustrations of the main diagnostic characters of both sexes and a distribution map are provided for the species of Tarmia.