Dependent person in self-care: analysis of care needs.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess the self-care dependency levels of the dependent person at the time of home discharge and its relationship between (1) the degree of dependency of each self-care domain; (2) the previous dependency levels; and (3) the gender of the dependent person. It also aims to assess the relationship between the degree of dependency of each self-care domain, the length of admission, the length of dependency and the age of the dependent person at the time of discharge. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted. The sample comprised hospitalised adults and elderly in the medical services of a Portuguese hospital during the months of March, April and May of 2018. The data were collected by an interview conducted at the time of home discharge from the hospital medical ward. RESULTS: The average age of dependent people of the sample is 80.7 years (±10.1) with the majority being women (51.7%), with no statistical difference in the mean age according to gender (U = 2205.500; p > 0.05). They were hospitalised on average 11.4 days (±33.2), most of them (44.0%) due to respiratory problems (85% of which were due to pneumonia). There were no statistically significant differences between the length of the hospital stay, the length of dependency and the participants' gender (U = 2200.500, p > 0.05; U = 1688.000, p > 0.05). Medication intake was the highest dependency domain amongst participants (41.3%), followed by instrumental activities of daily living (40.6%) and bathing (39.9%). CONCLUSION: The amount of support required may vary according to the domain that the person is dependent. Thus, it is important to use a robust and reliable assessment tool that will be able to assess the degree of dependency on the various domains of self-care.

Needs and skills of informal caregivers to care for a dependent person: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: The world is facing many socio-demographic changes, such as an increased average life expectancy and the presence of chronic and non-communicable diseases, which in turn, leads to an enhanced dependency on others. Consequently, the demand for informal caregivers has significantly increased during the past few years. Caring for a dependent person is linked to a series of burdens that often leads to physical, psychological and emotional difficulties. Taking into consideration the difficulties faced by informal caregivers, knowing in which areas of functioning they need more guidance may help to relieve their burden. Therefore, the main goal of this study is to better understand the needs and competencies of the informal caregiver when caring for a dependent person in the different self-care domains. METHODS: This cross-sectional study used a questionnaire administered on a single occasion by face-to-face interview. Descriptive and inferential statistics alongside non-parametric statistical techniques such as the Mann-Whitney test and Spearman's correlation were used. RESULTS: The average age of the 143 informal caregivers is 58 years old, with the youngest in our sample being 21 years of age. Most of them are female, and 50% of them are children taking care of one of their parents. Most of the dependent people are completely dependent in the areas of comfort and hygiene (53.8%) and medication management (55.9%). The female informal caregivers see themselves as having more competencies in sanitary hygiene than the male ones, with no significant differences in their competencies' perception in the other areas of self-care. Older caregivers see themselves as less competent in certain areas of self-care such as feeding, mobility, transfers, medication and symptoms management and communication. Most of the information given to the informal caregiver is about the disease (82.3%) and the medication management (80.4%). There are still a lot of areas of self-care, where no information, or almost none, is given to the informal caregivers. CONCLUSIONS: Before home discharge of a dependent person, it is important to acknowledge the needs and competencies of the informal caregiver, to capacitate them in looking after their relatives, to help decrease their burden and consequently, decrease the number of hospital readmissions.

[Knowledge of the Portuguese population on Basic Life Support and availability to attend training]. / Conhecimento da população portuguesa sobre suporte básicode vida e disponibilidade para realizar formação.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the level of knowledge and the availability of the Portuguese population to attend training in Basic Life Support (BLS) and identify factors related to their level of knowledge about BLS. METHOD: Observational study including 1,700 people who responded to a questionnaire containing data on demography, profession, training, interest in training and knowledge about BLS. RESULTS: Among 754 men and 943 women, only 17.8% (303) attended a course on BLS, but 95.6% expressed willingness to carry out the training. On average, they did not show good levels of knowledge on basic life support (correct answers in 25.9 ± 11.5 of the 64 indicators). Male, older respondents who had the training and those who performed BLS gave more correct answers, on average (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: The skill levels of the Portuguese population are low, but people are available for training, hence it is important to develop training courses and practice to improve their knowledge.

Effectiveness of smartphone interventions as continuing care for substance use disorders: A systematic review.

As a chronic disease with consistent relapse rates, substance use disorders (SUD) require a continuity-of-care approach. Unfortunately, many patients do not have access to continuing care. This systematic review analysed the current scientific knowledge to better understand if app-based smartphone interventions can be an effective alternative. The databases Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycINFO were used to find experimental and quasi-experimental studies investigating the effectiveness of a smartphone intervention in individuals who had completed treatment for SUD. After removing duplicates, a total of 1488 studies were screened, with 48 being selected for a full-text review. Four studies met all the criteria, with one other being added by identification through other resources, making a total of 5 studies included in the present review. Out of the four studies using a control group, only one found no significant differences in favour of the experimental group. That study used an active control group and compared the smartphone intervention to its therapeutic group equivalent. There were no significant differences between the two experimental groups. Overall, the results indicate that app-based smartphone interventions can be an effective alternative to traditional forms of continuing care. However, literature is still scarce, and more research needs to be made on this subject. This systematic review is registered at PROSPERO with the identifier [CRD42021272070].

Transcultural Translation and Validation of Lasater Clinical Judgment Rubric©.

OBJECTIVES: to translate and cross-culturally validate the Lasater Clinical Judgment Rubric© (LCJR©) instrument for nursing students. METHODS: the application of LCJR-PT© was preceded by a linguistic translation into Portuguese, based on the translation-back-translation method. This psychometric study involved 32 nursing students from a program in Portugal. Data were collected through observations of two independent observers during the performance of the practices developed by the students, through the scenarios validated by experts of high and of medium-fidelity simulation. RESULTS: of the 64 observations obtained from the practices of nursing students, the value of intra-class correlations in the 4 aspects of the instrument exceeded 0.792. There was a global Cronbach's alpha of LCJR-PT© of 0.921 and 0.876 in Observers 1 and 2 respectively, with a statistically significant level of agreement. CONCLUSIONS: the LCJR-PT© is a valid and reliable instrument, demonstrating a high potential for its use in clinical education and nursing research.

Psychometric Properties of the European Portuguese Version of the Memorial Emergency Department Fall Risk Assessment Tool.

Falls are a public health problem that cause serious damage to people's health and health systems. This study aims to estimate the validity and reliability of the Memorial Emergency Department Fall Risk Assessment Tool for the European Portuguese population. The sample included 186 adults from an emergency department of a District Hospital in Portugal. Reliability and precision (inter-rater reliability) are assessed by two independent raters. The relationship between MEDFRAT and the Morse Fall Risk Scale is evaluated. All items presented a high Kappa index. The MEDFRAT showed a high and significant correlation with the Morse Fall Risk Scale. The influence of sociodemographic and clinical data was also checked. The MEDFRAT is adequate, valid and reliable for the European Portuguese population to assess the risk of falling of emergency department patients.

Clinical Decision-Making in Nursing Scale (CDMNS-PT©) in nursing students: translation and validation.

OBJECTIVES: to validate, for the Portuguese population, the Clinical Decision-Making Nursing Scale© (CDMNS©). METHODS: this methodological study involved 496 nursing students who filled in a questionnaire created using sociodemographic and academic data, and the scale to evaluate the making of decisions in nursing. RESULTS: the confirmatory factorial analysis showed that the adjustment of the factorial structure has good quality, being made up by three factors (X2/gl = 2.056; GFI = 0.927; CFI = 0.917; RMSEA = 0.046; RMR = 0.039; SRMR = 0.050). For the scale to be reliable, it had to include only the reliability of the scale required it to be constituted by 23 items, with correlation values that varied from 0.184 and 0.610, and a global Cronbach's Alpha of 0.851, which showed its good reliability. CONCLUSIONS: the CDMNS-PT© is valid and reliable, showing a high potential to be used in clinical practice and investigation.

Hope in a depression therapeutic group: a qualitative case study.

OBJECTIVE: to understand the perceptions of hope for people with depression in the context of a therapy group. METHODS: using a qualitative case study approach, a semi-structured in-depth interview and a self-report questionnaire were conducted with seven women with depression integrated in a therapy group at a Portuguese day-care psychiatric unit. Data collection and analysis used triangulation of sources. RESULTS: the participants evidenced hope founded on the positive experiences of the past with a strong affiliation component. Hope management is done fundamentally through the interpersonal relationships established between the members of the group, based on communicational patterns that are established on a regular basis, mediated by the group therapist. CONCLUSION: the therapy group functioned towards the reinforcement of hope in people who experience depression, and it works as a motivation to manage the implications of illness in the participants' life and health project.

Help2care: ehealth strategies for self care of users and caregivers based on Nightingale's work.

OBJECTIVE: To report the experience of design and implementation of the Help2Care (an ehealth program that aims to support informal caregivers of dependent people); and to identify its structure and functionality. METHODS: This is a Portuguese experience report about Help2Care, a practice-based action research project carried out between 2017 and 2019, having as a guiding axis Florence Nightingale's concepts about the relevance of the home-care environment. RESULTS: The Help2Care program revealed itself to be a valuable support tool for providing better healthcare learning, counselling, and assistance of the informal caregivers of dependent people. Different ehealth strategies were used to empower caregivers in self-care in order to have a safe transition between contexts of care at the time of patient discharge. CONCLUSION: Help2Care allows to inspire other ways of providing care, as well as a reduction in the readmission rate in health organizations for patients who reveal poor care support in home environments.

Knowledge of Forensic Nursing Practices: Efficacy of an Intervention for Nursing Students.

BACKGROUND: Forensic science has become increasingly relevant to health professionals' roles in preserving trace evidence when crimes have been committed. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of a structured intervention to improve nursing students' knowledge of forensic nursing practices. METHODS: A pretest/posttest quasi-experimental study, without a control group, was conducted. A nonprobabilistic sample of students from the third and fourth years of a nursing degree program took part in the study. The General Questionnaire on Forensic Nursing and the Questionnaire on Knowledge of Forensic Nursing Practices were administered before and after a structured intervention. RESULTS: Eighty-seven students (mean age of 22.8 ± 3.9 years) took part in the study. Of the participants, 85.7% were female, 98.8% claimed they had not received training in forensic nursing during their degree, and 97.6% reported that they did not have contact with situations that involved the collection and preservation of forensic evidence during their internships. As for their knowledge of forensic practices, out of a total of 74 questions, the number of right answers after the course (69.15 ± 3.05) was higher than the result obtained previously (62.95 ± 4.47). The difference was statistically significant (p < 0.01), leading to the conclusion that the structured intervention was effective in improving knowledge of forensic nursing practices. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated the importance of specific training in forensic nursing and support the conclusion that a curricular unit in this area should be developed for inclusion in nursing degree curricula.

Hope-based interventions in chronic disease: an integrative review in the light of Nightingale.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the available evidence in the scientific literature about the strategies or interventions used to promote hope in people with chronic diseases. METHOD: An integrative literature review of literature published between 2009-2019, which was conducted in online browsers/databases: b-On, EBSCO, PubMed, Medline, ISI, SciELO, PsycINFO, Google Scholar. Forty-one studies were found, of which eight met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS: Most studies used a quantitative approach. There was a predominance of studies from Asia and America, addressing patients with multiple sclerosis, diabetes, congestive heart failure, and cancer. Hope-based interventions were categorized by the hope attributes: experiential process, spiritual/transcendence process, rational thought process, and relational process. CONCLUSION: Hope-based interventions, in its essence, are good clinical practices in the physical, psychological, social and spiritual domains. This is congruent with the vision of nursing, first proposed by Florence Nightingale. There seem to be gaps in the literature regarding specific hope promoting interventions.

Violence in intimate relationships in adolescents: effectiveness of an intervention by peers through forum theater.

OBJECTIVE: The main goal was the peer evaluation of the effectiveness of a health education intervention, also seeking the characterization of violent behaviors experienced by teens in intimate relationships. METHOD: A pretest-posttest quasi-experimental study was performed with a non-probabilistic sample of 197 teens of both genders without control group. The intervention performed consisted of one peer-run forum theater session about intimate violence in dating relationships of teens. RESULTS: Boys reported being both victims and perpetrators of violent behaviors more frequently than girls. The sample reported more behaviors associated with victimization than perpetration. Girls showed a higher level of knowledge on the topic and this knowledge increased after the intervention. CONCLUSION: Psychological violence is highly prevalent in dating relationships, particularly in cases of victimization. It seems essential to understand and act upon adolescents' perceptions about what violent behavior is. This study confirmed the effectiveness of health education in acquiring knowledge on this topic.

Interobserver analysis of safety practices and behaviors adopted by elderly people to prevent falls.

OBJECTIVE: determine the psychometric properties of the safety practices and behaviors dimension of the Scale of Practices and Behaviors of Institutionalized Elderly People to Prevent Falls in a sample of elderly people with cognitive decline. METHOD: methodological study, with a quantitative approach, to assess the psychometric properties of the mentioned scale in a sample with 102 elderly people with cognitive decline who lived in two long-term care institutions for the public in this age group. Internal consistency evaluation was carried out by calculating the Cronbach's alpha coefficient; interobserver reliability was expressed by Cohen's kappa coefficient; and temporal stability, by obtaining Spearman correlation. Compliance with all ethical procedures was observed. RESULTS: the dimension of safety practices and behaviors showed α = 0.895 for its 11 items. Seven out of the 11 items reached good to excellent agreement among the experts for interobserver reliability. Kappa index values indicated that the instrument is valid and reliable. Safety practices and behaviors were influenced by institutionalization time, being at least 85 years old, and gait skills. CONCLUSION: the results pointed out that the instrument has good reproducibility and is valid and reliable, which allows its use in clinical practice in elderly people with cognitive decline as well as in research.

Effects of an education program on knowledge and self-perception of school personnel in preparing to care for type 1 diabetes students.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the academic and professional background of school personnel; to assess the impact of the Diabetes + Support given by School Personnel to Children with Type 1 Diabetes Program on the school personnel's knowledge and confidence to support students with type 1 diabetes; to compare their level of knowledge with the academic and professional variables of the school personnel. METHODS: A quasi-experimental pre-test/post-test study design without a Control Group. Study with a sample of 129 (before intervention - T0) and 113 (after intervention - T1) pre-school to secondary school personnel from participating schools, with at least one student with type 1 diabetes. The project was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Portuguese Ministry of Education. RESULTS: Most school personnel included in the study were teachers (51.2%). After training, they were more confident than before to support children with type 1 diabetes (p<0.05). Regarding knowledge levels, the differences between T0 (10.8±2.8; P 50 =11) and T1 (13.7±2.1; P 50 =11) were statistically significant (p<0.001). Of the 113 school personnel who participated in the final assessment, 89 (78.85%) increased their level of knowledge. CONCLUSION: The program was effective to enhance knowledge and boost confidence to support students with diabetes.

ADOLESCENT STUDENTS' ATTITUDES TOWARDS SEXUALITY: THE CONSTRUCTION AND VALIDATION OF A SCALE.

OBJECTIVE: To construct a scale of adolescents' attitudes towards sexuality and to determine their psychometric characteristics. METHODS: Methodological study conducted with 394 students from the 8th to 12th grades of a school in central Portugal. They answered a questionnaire consisting of the Adolescent Students' Attitude Scale for Sexuality (E3AS) and socio-demographic and academic data. The project received a favorable opinion from the National Data Protection Commission (authorization No. 10421/2017). Construct validity analysis was performed through exploratory factor analysis and internal consistency was performed through Cronbach's alpha. A maximum error probability of 5% was considered. RESULTS: The mean age of the sample was 14.9±1.4 years, with 53.3% being female. The instrument consisted of 34 items distributed into five factors: F1. Family planning and sex education (α=0.826); F2. First sexual relationship (α=0.819); F3. Violation of sexual rights and who to turn to in the event of unplanned pregnancies (α=0.695); F4. Gender expression and identity (α=0.542), and F5. Unplanned pregnancy and parenting (α= 0.761), with a total alpha value of 0.766, accounting for 45.3% of total variance. CONCLUSIONS: The psychometric adequacy of the E3AS for the Portuguese population allows us to affirm that it is a valid and reliable instrument that can be used in future studies to assess the attitudes of adolescent students towards sexuality.

Sexual behaviors: study in the youth.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize sexual behaviors in a sample of adolescents and youth. METHODS: An analytical descriptive study using a questionnaire about sexual behaviors, adapted from the World Health Organization. It was distributed to students from a Portuguese city aged 14-24 years, during two months. Two age groups were defined: G1 - students aged 14-19 years; G2 - aged 20-24 years. RESULTS: The sample included 2,369 students, 61% females and 70% in G1. The mean age of first sexual intercourse was 16.4±1.8 years; 93% used some contraceptive method in the first sexual intercourse. Out of those who did not use contraception in the first sexual intercourse, 83% were in G1 (p<0.001). Emergency contraception was used at least once by 54% (63% in G2, p<0.001). Among those who had unprotected sexual intercourses, 9% were under the influence of alcohol, 53.6% were female and 53.4% were in G2 (p<0.001). Homosexual contacts occurred in 21% of cases; in that, 62% in G1 and 84% among females (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The use of contraceptionin the first sexual intercourse was common in our sample. However, the number of adolescents not using any contraceptive method in subsequent sexual intercourses, and the high percentage of them who consider it unnecessary, are a concern. Unprotected sexual intercourses, as well as unplanned intercourses and under influence of alcohol or drugs, especially in the youngest, urge the need for intervention regarding sexual education.

Transcultural Translation and Validation of Lasater Clinical Judgment Rubric© / Tradução e Validação Transcultural da Lasater Clinical Judgment Rubric© / Traducción Transcultural y Validación de la Lasater Clinical Judgment Rubric©

ABSTRACT Objectives: to translate and cross-culturally validate the Lasater Clinical Judgment Rubric© (LCJR©) instrument for nursing students. Methods: the application of LCJR-PT© was preceded by a linguistic translation into Portuguese, based on the translation-back-translation method. This psychometric study involved 32 nursing students from a program in Portugal. Data were collected through observations of two independent observers during the performance of the practices developed by the students, through the scenarios validated by experts of high and of medium-fidelity simulation. Results: of the 64 observations obtained from the practices of nursing students, the value of intra-class correlations in the 4 aspects of the instrument exceeded 0.792. There was a global Cronbach's alpha of LCJR-PT© of 0.921 and 0.876 in Observers 1 and 2 respectively, with a statistically significant level of agreement. Conclusions: the LCJR-PT© is a valid and reliable instrument, demonstrating a high potential for its use in clinical education and nursing research.

RESUMO Objetivos: traduzir e validar transculturalmente o instrumento Lasater Clinical Judgment Rubric© (LCJR©) para estudantes de Enfermagem. Métodos: a aplicação do LCJR-PT© foi precedida por tradução linguística ao português, baseando-se no método de traduçãoretradução. Este estudo psicométrico envolveu 32 estudantes de Enfermagem de um programa em Portugal. Os dados foram recolhidos mediante observações de dois observadores independentes durante o desempenho das práticas desenvolvidas pelos estudantes por meio dos cenários validados por peritos em simulação de alta e média fidelidade. Resultados: das 64 observações das práticas de estudantes de Enfermagem, o valor das correlações por intraclasse nos quatro aspectos do instrumento ultrapassou os 0,792. Identificou-se um alfa de Cronbach global na LCJR-PT© de 0,921 e 0,876 nos observadores 1 e 2, respectivamente, com um nível de concordância estatisticamente significante. Conclusões: a LCJR-PT© é um instrumento válido e confiável, demonstrando um alto potencial para seu uso na educação clínica e pesquisa em enfermagem.

RESUMEN Objetivos: traducir y validar transculturalmente el instrumento Lasater Clinical Judgment Rubric© (LCJR©) para estudiantes de Enfermería. Métodos: aplicación del LCJR-PT© precedida por traducción lingüística al portugués, basándose en el método de traducción y retraducción. Estudio psicométrico involucró 32 estudiantes de Enfermería de un programa en Portugal. Datos recolectados mediante observaciones de dos observadores independientes durante el desempeño de prácticas desarrolladas por estudiantes mediante los escenarios validados por peritos en simulado de alta y mediana fidelidad. Resultados: de las 64 observaciones de prácticas de estudiantes de Enfermería, el valor de correlaciones por intraclase en los cuatro aspectos del instrumento sobrepasó 0,792. Identificado un alfa de Cronbach global en el LCJR-PT© de 0,921 y 0,876 en los observadores 1 y 2, respectivamente, con un nivel de concordancia estadísticamente significante. Conclusiones: el LCJR-PT© es un instrumento válido y confiable, demostrando un alto potencial para su uso en educación clínica e investigación en enfermería.

Falls in long-term care institutions for elderly people: protocol validation.

Objectives: To validate the content of a fall management risk protocol in long-term institutions for elderly people. Methods: Methodological, quanti-qualitative study using the Delphi technique. The tool, based on the literature, was sent electronically to obtain consensus among the 14 experts that meet the defined inclusion criteria. Results: The 27 indicators of the protocol are organized in three dimensions: prepare for the institutionalization (IRA=.88); manage the risk of falls throughout the institutionalization (IRA=.9); and lead the communication and formation (IRA=1), with a CVI=.91. Two rounds were performed to get a consensus superior to 80% in every item. Conclusion: The values obtained in the reliability test (>0.8) show that the protocol can be used to meet the intended goal. The next step is the clinic validation of the protocol with residents of long-term care institutions for elderly people.

Objetivo: Validar o conteúdo de um protocolo para a gestão do risco de queda em Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idosos. Método: Estudo metodológico, de abordagem quantiqualitativa, utilizando a técnica de Delphi. O instrumento, construído com base na literatura, foi enviado por via electrónica, para obter consenso entre os 14 peritos que respeitam os critérios de inclusão definidos. Resultados: Os 27 indicadores do protocolo estão organizados em três dimensões: Preparar a Institucionalização (IRA=,88); Gerir o Risco de Queda ao longo da Institucionalização (IRA=,9) e Liderar a comunicação e formação (IRA=1), com um CVI=,91. Foram efetuadas duas rodadas para se obter consenso superior a 80% em todos os itens. Conclusão: Os valores obtidos no teste de fidedignidade (>0,8) atestam que o protocolo pode ser utilizado para atingir o fim que se pretende. A próxima etapa é a validação clínica do protocolo com idosos residentes em Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idosos.

Conhecimentos dos estudantes de enfermagem sobre suporte básico de vida / Nursing students' knowledge about basic life support / Conocimiento de los estudiantes de enfermería sobre el soporte vital básico

Resumo Enquadramento: Os conhecimentos sobre suporte básico de vida (SBV) em estudantes de enfermagem requerem competências técnicas (compressões e ventilações), mas também competências não técnicas (julgamento clínico e tomada de decisão). Objetivos: Avaliar as características sociodemográficas e académicas dos estudantes de enfermagem; avaliar os conhecimentos teóricos sobre SBV dos estudantes de enfermagem e relacionar as características sociodemográficas e académicas dos estudantes de enfermagem, com os seus conhecimentos teóricos sobre SBV. Metodologia: Estudo observacional, descritivo e correlacional, onde participaram 496 estudantes, selecionados através de uma técnica de amostragem não probabilística por conveniência em duas escolas do centro de Portugal. Resultados: Os estudantes evidenciam um bom nível de conhecimentos sobre SBV com uma média de 30,93 ± 2,29, numa escala de 0 a 37 pontos. Destacam-se muito bons conhecimentos sobre as condições de segurança, assim como das componentes técnicas de avaliação da via aérea, das compressões torácicas e ventilações. O nível de conhecimentos está relacionado com a idade, ano de licenciatura e experiência prática de SBV. Conclusão: Os estudantes apresentam um bom nível de conhecimentos sobre SBV.

Abstract Background: Knowledge about basic life support (BLS) in nursing students involves both technical skills (compressions and ventilations) and non-technical skills (clinical judgment and decision-making). Objectives: To assess nursing students' sociodemographic and academic characteristics; to assess nursing students' theoretical knowledge about BLS and analyze the association between nursing students' sociodemographic and academic characteristics and their theoretical knowledge about BLS. Methodology: Observational, descriptive, and correlational study with a sample of 496 nursing students selected using a nonprobability convenience sampling technique in two schools in the central region of Portugal. Results: Students demonstrated a good level of knowledge about BLS, with an average of 30.93 ± 2.29 on a scale from 0 to 37 points. They had a very good level of knowledge about safety conditions, the technical components of airway assessment, chest compressions, and ventilations. The level of knowledge is associated with age, year of undergraduate studies, and practical experience in BLS. Conclusion: Students have a good level of knowledge about BLS.

Resumen Marco contextual: Los conocimientos sobre el soporte vital básico (SVB) en los estudiantes de enfermería requieren competencias técnicas (compresiones y ventilaciones), pero también competencias no técnicas (juicio clínico y toma de decisiones). Objetivos: Evaluar las características sociodemográficas y académicas de los estudiantes de enfermería; evaluar los conocimientos teóricos de los estudiantes de enfermería sobre el SVB, y relacionar las características sociodemográficas y académicas de los estudiantes de enfermería con sus conocimientos teóricos sobre el SVB. Metodología: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y correlacional, con la participación de 496 estudiantes, seleccionados mediante una técnica de muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia en dos escuelas del centro de Portugal. Resultados: Los estudiantes mostraron un buen nivel de conocimiento sobre el SVB, con una media de 30,93±2,29 en una escala de 0 a 37 puntos. Destaca un muy buen conocimiento de las condiciones de seguridad, así como de los componentes técnicos de la evaluación de las vías respiratorias, las compresiones torácicas y las ventilaciones. El nivel de conocimiento está relacionado con la edad, el año de graduación y la experiencia práctica en SVB. Conclusión: Los estudiantes tienen un buen nivel de conocimiento sobre el SVB.

Evaluation of fall risk factors present during institutionalization of elderly people / Evaluación de factores de riesgo de caídas durante la institucionalización del anciano / Avaliação dos fatores de risco de queda durante a institucionalização do idoso

ABSTRACT Objectives: to describe the development and validation of the Scale of Practices of Evaluation of Fall Risk Factors during Institutionalization of Elderly People and to describe the practices of evaluation of communication of fall risks to institutionalized elderly people. Methods: methodological study, which allowed construction and determination of the psychometric properties of the Scale of Practices of Evaluation of Fall Risk Factors during Institutionalization of Elderly People, which was carried out in six long-term care institutions for elderly people, in 2018. Results: the scale showed satisfactory internal consistency, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.949. It was designed to have three dimensions: practices of evaluation of biophysiological risk factors; practices of communication and training; and practices of evaluation of risks related to elderly people's putting on clothing and footwear. Conclusions: the risk factors that had their value recognized were related to mobility. There is not proper recognition of the importance of information about fall risk factors and communication between elderly people and health teams during institutionalization.

RESUMEN Objetivos: describir la construcción y validación de la escala de prácticas de evaluación de factores de riesgo de caídas durante la institucionalización del anciano, y describir las prácticas de evaluación y comunicación de riesgo de caídas al anciano institucionalizado. Método: estudio metodológico que permitió construir y determinar las propiedades psicométricas de las Escala de Prácticas de Evaluación de Riesgo de Caídas durante la institucionalización del anciano, realizado en seis hogares para ancianos, en 2018 Resultados: la escala muestra una consistencia interna de α=0,949 y 3 dimensiones: prácticas de evaluación de factores de riesgo biofisiológicos; prácticas de comunicación y formación; prácticas de evaluación de riesgos relativos a calzado y vestimenta del anciano. Conclusiones: los factores de riesgo evaluados están asociados a la movilidad. Está infravalorada la información sobre factores de riesgo de caída durante la institucionalización, y la comunicación de los mismos en los equipos de trabajo.

RESUMO Objetivos: descrever a construção e validação da escala de práticas de avaliação dos fatores de risco de queda durante a institucionalização do idoso e descrever as práticas de avaliação e comunicação do risco de queda aos idosos institucionalizados. Método: estudo metodológico, que possibilitou a construção e determinação das propriedades psicométricas da Escala de Práticas de Avaliação do Risco de Queda durante a Institucionalização da pessoa idosa, que decorreu em seis instituições de longa permanência para idosos, em 2018. Resultados: a escala apresenta uma consistência interna de α=0,949 e 3 dimensões: práticas de avaliação dos fatores de risco bio fisiológicos; práticas de comunicação e formação; práticas de avaliação do risco relacionados com o calçar e vestir do idoso. Conclusões: os fatores de risco valorizados estão associados à mobilidade. Há uma desvalorização da informação sobre os fatores de risco de queda, ao longo da institucionalização, e da comunicação dos mesmos nas equipes de trabalho.