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1.
Malays J Med Sci ; 23(4): 17-25, 2016 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27660541

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Treating patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) strains is more complicated, complex, toxic, expensive, than treating patients with susceptible TB strains. This study aims to compare the treatment outcomes and potential factors associated between patients with MDR-TB and non MDR TB infections in peninsular Malaysia. METHODS: This study was a retrospective cohort study. Data were collected from the medical records of all registered MDR-TB patients and Non-MDR-TB patients at five TB hospitals in peninsular Malaysia from January 2010 to January 2014. RESULTS: A total of 314 subjects were studied, including 105 MDR-TB cases and 209 non-MDR-TB. After TB treatment, 24.8% of the MDR-TB patients and 17.7% of non MDR TB relapsed; 17.1% of the MDR-TB patients and 16.3% of non MDR TB defaulted from TB treatment. A significant difference seen in treatment success rate 17.1% for MDR-TB; 63.1% for non MDR TB (P < 0.001)). Mortality rate were 8.9% for MDR-TB; 13.2% for non MDR TB. Multivariable analysis showed the potential factors associated with poor treatment outcomes were presence of HIV infection (AOR, 1.09; 95%CI: 1.05, 1.75; P = 0.001) and previous TB treatment (AOR, 4.87; 95%CI: 2.84, 8.38; P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: This study revealed that the treatment success rate in patients with non MDR TB infection was higher than MDR-TB. Unsuccessful treatment was seen in MDR-TB associated with potential factors such as history of TB treatment, and presence of HIV infection.

2.
Front Public Health ; 10: 914943, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35899168

RESUMO

Objectives: Preventing severe disease and acquiring population immunity to COVID-19 requires global immunization coverage through mass vaccination. While high-income countries are battling vaccine hesitancy, low-income and fragile nations are facing the double dilemma of vaccine hesitancy and lack of access to vaccines. There is inadequate information on any correlation between vaccine hesitancy and access to vaccines. Our study in a low-income nation aimed to fill this gap. Methods: In the backdrop of a severe shortage of COVID-19 vaccines in Yemen, a low-income fragile nation, we conducted a nation-wide cross-sectional survey among its healthcare workers (HCWs), between 6 July and 10 August 2021. We evaluated factors influencing agreement to accept a COVID-19 vaccine and any potential correlation between vaccine acceptance and lack of access to vaccines. Results: Overall, 61.7% (n = 975) of the 1,581 HCWs agreed to accept a COVID-19 vaccine. Only 45.4% of the participants agreed to have access to a COVID-19 vaccine, with no sex dependent variations. Although several determinants of vaccine acceptance were identified, including, having a systemic disease, following the updates about COVID-19 vaccines, complying with preventive guidelines, having greater anxiety about contracting COVID-19, previous infection with COVID-19, believing COVID-19 to be a severe disease, and lower concern about the side effects of COVID-19, the strongest was access to vaccines (OR: 3.18; 95% CI: 2.5-4.03; p-value: 0.001). Conclusion: The immediate and more dangerous threat in Yemen toward achieving population immunity is the severe shortage and lack of access to vaccines, rather than vaccine hesitancy, meaning, improving access to vaccines could lead to greater acceptance.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Vacinas , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Vacinas contra COVID-19 , Estudos Transversais , Pessoal de Saúde , Humanos , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde , Vacinação , Hesitação Vacinal
3.
Arch Environ Occup Health ; 70(5): 251-5, 2015.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24219691

RESUMO

This study investigated the prevalence, risk factors, and impact of low back pain (LBP) among professional drivers in Nigeria. Two hundred male drivers aged 19-64 years were recruited in the study. Data regarding prevalence, individual risk factors, and impact of LBP were obtained. The prevalence rate of LBP was 73.5%, and LBP have affected the driving performance of up to 74% drivers. After adjustment for age, LBP prevalence was associated with driving for >15 hours/day (odds ratio [OR]; 95% confidence interval [CI]): (0.04; 0.01, 0.20), driving car (5.52; 1.55, 19.64), and driving bus (10.49; 2.63, 41.82). No association was found between LBP prevalence and years spent driving. The study found that high prevalence of LBP affected the performance of a substantial percentage of the participants.


Assuntos
Condução de Veículo , Dor Lombar/epidemiologia , Veículos Automotores , Doenças Profissionais/epidemiologia , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Dor Lombar/etiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nigéria/epidemiologia , Doenças Profissionais/etiologia , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Inquéritos e Questionários , Fatores de Tempo , Adulto Jovem
4.
Artigo em Inglês | IMSEAR | ID: sea-153338

RESUMO

Background: A high level of awareness on tuberculosis (TB) is crucial for the success of the prevention and treatment among the high risk populations. Having a good perception about the treatment of TB may increase the acceptance of the control measures in decreasing the spread of the disease. Aims & Objective: To develop and validate a Questionnaire about the knowledge of the causes, mode of transmission, the prevention of TB and the perception of TB treatment among TB patients in Malaysia. Materials and Methods: A Cross-sectional study was conducted among TB patients attended the Respiratory Clinic at the Hospital Raja Perempuan Zainab II, Kelantan, Malaysia. This study used a self-administrated questionnaire that takes approximately 10 minutes to complete and was generally well received by the respondent’s. The validation involved content validity, exploratory factor analysis for the construct validity and internal consistency for reliability. Results: A total of seventy TB patients comprising of 39 males (55.7%) and 31 females (44.3%) responded. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy (KMO) was (0.827 and 0.723) and Bartlett's test of Sphericity was highly significant (P<0.001). The exploratory factor analysis was used with the extraction method of the principal component and the varimax rotation with normalization. The factor analysis showed six factors within the 28 items which were associated with TB knowledge, the cause and prevention, the mode of transmission and the perception of TB treatment. The internal consistency was [0.893, 0.552, 0.701 and 0.729] for the four factors of TB knowledge and [0.889 and, 0.697] 2 factors for the perception of TB treatment respectively. Conclusion: The questionnaire on TB knowledge, on the causes, the mode of transmission, and the prevention of TB and the perception of TB treatment was valid and reliable with good items that enables its use for assessing TB knowledge among TB patients and the community.

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