[THE BIOCHEMICAL AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL MARKERS OF CHEMICAL EFFECT ON ORGANISM, THEIR INFORMATIVENESS AND DIAGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE].

The sampling of study included 185 examined workers. Out of them 90 work at "Opitnii zavod Neftekhim" (67 females and 23 males) and 95--at "Kaustik" (64 females and 31 males) from various workshops of the given enterprises. To determine biochemical indicators samples of blood, saliva and urine were collected. The study was carried out in concordance with ethic principles of the Helsinki world medical association declaration, 2008 ed. with receiving written consent of patient to participate in study.

[Recovery of the cardiovascular system and the state of its autonomic regulation after prior long hemorrhagic shock during vaccination with tetanus and diphtheria anatoxins].

Tetanus anatoxin was shown to have a stimulant effect on the cardiovascular system and its autonomic regulation, which produced a longer posthemorrhagic survival in the controls with the least pronounced dystrophic changes in the myocardium. Prior vaccination with diphtheria anatoxins was found to promote animals' survival, by reducing reperfusion injury in the presence of long-term systemic hypoperfusion, early exhaustion of sympathetic autonomic cardiac rhythm regulation, and myocardial dystrophic and necrobiotic changes resulting in the development of cardiosclerosis.

[Influence of preliminary vaccination with tetanus antitoxin on hemodynamic restoration in patients after hemorrhagic shock at thoracic surgery].

Electrocardiographic and echocardiographic parameters were studied in 364 patients admitted to the department of thoracic surgery of Bashkirian Medical University clinic in 1997-2006. The patients had hemorrhagic shock due to acute traumatic blood loss or long operative intervention with massive hemorrhage. It was found that preliminary vaccination with tetanus antitoxin improves a course of posthemorrhagic period, hemodynamic restoration and survival of the patients.

[A comparison of a cytokine status in pollenosis patients living in urban and rural areas].

Sixty patients with pollenosis were examined: 36 city inhabitants and 24 villagers. The blood serum levels of IL-4, IFN-gamma and total IgE, production of IL-4, IFN-gamma by immunocompetent blood cells in vitro were determined. The correlation analysis detected more intensive involvement of IFN-gamma in allergic process in allergic patients living in the city. Estimation of spontaneous and induced cytokine production and their correlation (IS) showed that villagers had 2.5 times higher IS of IFN-gamma cytokine.

[Field trials of the impact of chemical air pollution on rabbit formed blood elements].

Ufa is the capital of the Republic of Bashkortostan is a large center of chemical and petrochemical industry. Pollution of the environment spreads to the vicinity of the city. Under these conditions, of great importance is a combination of influences of low-intensity chemical factors on living organisms in the settlements rather than an influence of individual chemical reagents. It is most adequate to explore the latter through field trials, i.e. to monitor the status of experimental animals during their stay in the area under study. The blood system is the most informative indicator, therefore peripheral blood formed elements were used as test objects. The authors have established the following: 1. No significant changes were found in the peripheral blood formed elements of adult rabbits in the control group during their 3-month stay in the settlement of Gornyi, Chishminsky District (Republic of Bashkortostan). 2. The 3-month monitoring of experimental rabbits revealed some changes in their peripheral blood formed elements, which pointed to a certain level of hemic hypoxia. 3. The magnitude of the found blood changes in the experimental animals of Group 1 from the settlement of Tsekh Kerami (Ceramics Shop), Blagoveshchensky District, was higher than that in Group 2 from the village of Kabakovo, Karmaskalinsky District (Republic of Bashkortostan).

[The mechanisms of the impact of preliminary immunization with staphylococcus anatoxin on postresuscitation pathology of the myocardium].

Chronic experiments lasting for 5 weeks were carried out in 40 nonpedigree mature dogs. It has been detected that preliminary immunization with staphylococcus anatoxin potentiates the compensation mechanisms in the course of postresuscitation period, stimulates cell proliferation by increasing cardiac output that is an adaptive reaction of the cardiovascular system in postresuscitation period and provides optimal metabolism of the organism.

[Specified mechanisms of action of preimmunisation with diphtherial anatoxin on myocardial pathology after critical care].

Chronic experiments for 5 weeks made in 41 mongrel adult dogs have shown that prevaccination with diphtheria antitoxin has a negative effect on myocardial and hemodynamic restoration after resustitation. The dogs have arrhythmia, survival of the animals is worse. However, such prevaccination improved survival of the animals due to reduction of reperfusion trauma in animals after hemorrhagic shock in spite of conduction disorders and myocardial ischemia.

[Voluntary apnea of maximum duration as a model of short-term asphyxia in psycho- and electrophysiological studies].

We evaluated the test with arbitrary external respiratory standstill (AEKS) of maximum duration as a model of short-term asphyxia. The experiments were carried out in volunteer students. The level of oxyhemoglobin saturation and tissue oxygen tension that we registered in a group of sportsmen in the course of AEKS of maximum duration demonstrated that asphyxia developed in some of the probationers within 100-120 seconds. Taking into consideration the fact that registration of many psychophysiological and electrophysiological parameters takes place within the interval from several hundreds of milliseconds to several tens of seconds AEKS of maximum duration may be regarded as an adequate model of short-term asphyxia.

[Efficacy of visual information processing in short-term hypoxia].

The effectiveness of visual information processing during short hypoxia modeled by arbitrary external respiratory standstill (AERS) of maximum duration was investigated using our computer program LANDOLT. This program makes it possible to analyze the number of seen, missed, correctly and incorrectly marked signs, all mistakes, the amount and velocity of information processing, to determine the coefficient of accuracy of the task carrying-out. An increase in the amount and velocity of information processing with a less number of mistakes in the experimental group with stronger andlonger hypoxia during AERS can be explained by neuronal influences on the canals of visual information processing from the activating system respiratory center-reticular formation.

[The lipid peroxidation system in the organism of experimental animals after exposure to cyclic hydrocarbons]. / Sostoianie sistemy perekisnogo okisleniia lipidov v organizme éksperimental'nykh zhivotnykh posle vozdeistviia tsiklicheskikh uglevodorodov.

The paper presents the results of studies of the amounts of diene conjugates, malonic dialdehyde, and Schiff's bases, which are molecular LPO products in the tissues of the lung, liver, kidney in animals exposed to 4-hour inhalation of cyclic hydrocarbons (pyromellitic dianhydride, durol, pseudocumene, and dioxane-1,4). Exposure to ecotoxicants at concentrations of 10 and 1 mg/m3 was found to result in the accumulation of initial, intermediate, and final molecular LPO products. These changes were recorded only after exposure to pseudocumene and dioxane vapors in a dose of 0.1 mg/m3 and after inhalation of dioxane-1,4 vapors in a dose of 0.01 mg/m3.

[Effect of 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene inhalation on energy metabolism in experimental animals]. / Sostoianie énergeticheskogo metabolizma v organizme éksperimental'nykh zhivotnykh pri ingaliatsionnom vozdeistvii 1,2,4-trimetilbenzola.

The authors' investigations show that red cells and tissues of animals exposed to a single 4-h inhalation of vapors of 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene in concentration 10 mg/m3 contained reduced amount of ATP, accumulated amounts of ADP, AMP in active inclusion of 32-P in the structure of these compounds. Activation of ATPase is accompanied with a rise of Na and P concentrations and fall in K, Mg and Ca ions concentrations. In blood plasm there were lower levels of Na and Ca and higher levels of K, Mg and P ions. In exposure to ecotoxicant in concentration 0.01-0.1 and 1.0 mg/m3 the changes were insignificant.

[Blood system of mammals in an environment of chemical pollution]. / Sistema krovi mlekopitaiushchikh v srede khimicheskogo zagriazneniia.

Phenotypical adaptation dynamics was followed up in rabbits kept in the zone of intensive chemical contamination. Hypoxic condition was determined on the experiment day 10. Stable adaptation observed on day 30 brought about physiological homeostasis which passed over at higher level. On the experiment day 60 hypoxic state reappeared with aggravation after 90 days of the exposure to chemical contamination. This indicated pathological misadaptation. For the zone of moderate chemical contamination relevant data were the following: hypoxia emerged on the experiment day 30 and aggravated on days 60 and 90.

[The effect of laser hemotherapy on the acid glycosaminoglycan content of the liver and blood plasma in rats in the dynamics of an alcoholic coma]. / Vliianie lazernoi gemoterapii na soderzhanie kislykh glikozaminoglikanov v pecheni i plazme krovi krys v dinamike alkogol'noi komy.

The aim of the study was determination of the content of acid glycosaminoglicans (GAG) in hepatic tissue and blood plasma of rats in the course of alcoholic coma and in response to laser irradiation of venous blood. The alcoholic intoxication was achieved by introduction of 40% ethanol through a metal probe into the stomach. The content of acid GAG was defined according to Diche. Alcoholic coma caused reduction of GAG levels in hepatic tissue and an increase in blood plasma which were correlated with the severity of neurological state. Laser irradiation of venous blood promoted a trend to normalization of GAG content in the investigated tissues. A relative reduction in GAG plasma levels after laser hemotherapy indicates effectiveness of the conducted therapy.

[The effect of intravenous laser irradiation of the blood on the brain bioelectrical activity in patients in the postcomatose period]. / Vliianie vnutrivennogo lazernogo oblucheniia krovi na bioélektricheskuiu aktivnost' mozga u bol'nykh v postkomatoznom periode.

The article presents clinical data on therapeutic effects of intravenous laser blood irradiation (BI) in severe alcohol intoxication complicated by alcohol coma. BI effectiveness was assessed by EEG changes within 3 postcomatose days. Changes in brain biopotentials in various postcomatose periods were unidirectional. Positive results were achieved after low-intensity laser radiation.

[Effects of presensitization and clinical death in the history on the dynamics of morphofunctional parallels of retinal and cerebral circulation]. / Vliianie predvaritel'noi sensibilizatsii i perenesennoi klinicheskoi smerti na dinamiku morfofunktsional'nykh parallelei retinal'nogo i mozgobogo krovotoka.

A negative effect of preliminary sensibilization with a normal serum and clinical death (restoring to life according to V. A. Negovsky et al.) on cerebral blood supply and eye retina within 5 weeks of postresuscitation period was studied on dogs. Microcirculation disorders in the groups of sensibilized dogs were more prominent as compared to intact animals. The diameter changes of pial and retinal microvessels did not correlate, but qualitative alterations in retinal and cerebral microvessels were of the same type.

[The correction of post-poisoning damages to the myocardium caused by carbophos]. / Korrektsiia postintoksikatsionnykh povrezhdenii miokarda, vyzvannykh karbofosom.

Lipid peroxidation processes and levels of oxidative metabolism enzymes succinate and lactate dehydrogenases, as well as morphometric parameters of cardiomyocytes were studied in rats after exposure to malathion. The efficacy of oxymethacil and atropin correction of postintoxication injuries to the myocardium was assessed. The new drug oxymethacil is recommended to be included in the treatment protocols during the first 48 h after grave poisoning with malathion.

[The influence of the actoprotectors on lipid peroxidation and erythrocyte membranes in rats poisoned with malathion ]. / Vliianie aktoprotektorov na perekisnoe okislenie lipidov i sostoianie membran éritrotsitov u krys pri otravlenii karbofosom.

Actoprotecting properties ofbemitil, tietasol in combination with atropin were studied in red cell membranes and lipid peroxidation of rats poisoned with MI in a dose 320 mg/kg (0.9 LD50). Atropin treatment showed a low effect. The addition of bemitil and tietasol normalized electric charge and osmotic resistance in red cell membranes, activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and content of lipid peroxidation products--ketodienes and TBA-reacting products. Efficacy of the combined treatment is due primarily to noncholinergic mechanism of action of bemitil and tietasol--stimulation of endogenic antioxidant systems of erythron and antiradical activity (bemitil).