Perceived compassionate care and associated factors among patients with mental illness at Tibebe Ghion specialized and Felege Hiwot comprehensive specialized hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.

BACKGROUND: Compassion is the first ethical principle of health care to provide high- quality care that influences patient satisfaction and treatment outcome. However, there is limited data on the level of compassionate mental health care practice in low-resource countries like Ethiopia. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess the level of perceived compassionate care and associated factors among patients with mental illness at Tibebe Ghion specialized and Felege Hiwot comprehensive specialized hospital, North West, Ethiopia, 2022. METHODS: An institutional-based cross-sectional study design was conducted from June 18 to July 16, 2022, at Tibebe Ghion Specialized and Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. A systematic random sampling technique was used. The level of perceived compassionate care was assessed by the validated 12-item Schwartz Center Compassionate Care Scale among 423 patients with mental illness. Epicollect-5 was used to collect data, which was then exported to the Statistical Product and Service solution version 25 for analysis. Variables with a P-value < 0.05, and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to declare significant variables at the multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULT: The level of perceived good compassionate care was 47.5% (95% CI 42.6%-52.4%). Factors including urban residence (AOR = 1.90; 95%CI 1.08-3.36), duration of illness < 24 months (AOR = 2.68; 95% CI 1.27-5.65), strong social support (AOR = 4.43; 95%CI 2.16-9.10), shared decision making (AOR = 3.93; 95% CI 2.27-6.81), low perceived stigma(AOR = 2.97; 95% CI 1.54-5.72) and low patient anticipated stigma (AOR = 2.92; 95% CI 1.56-5.48) were positively associated with good compassionate care. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION: Less than half of the patients had received good compassionate care. Compassionate mental health care needs public health attention. Policymakers should emphasize on compassionate care continuity by including it in the health care curriculum and design appropriate policies to strengthen compassionate care.

Perceived stigma among non-professional caregivers of people with severe mental illness, Bahir Dar, northwest Ethiopia.

BACKGROUND: The stigmatization of mental illness is currently considered to be one of the most important issues facing caregivers of severely mentally ill individuals. There is a dearth of information about the prevalence and associated factors of perceived stigma among caregivers of people with severe mental illness in the study area. OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence and associated factors of perceived stigma among non-professional caregivers of people with severe mental illness, Bahir Dar, northwest Ethiopia. METHOD: Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted from May to June, 2016 at Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital among 495 caregivers of people with the severe mental illness. Pre-tested structured family interview schedule questionnaire was used. Binary logistic regression was applied to identify factors associated with perceived stigma and interpreted using odds ratio with 95% confidence interval. Statistical significance was considered at p value < 0.05. RESULT: The overall prevalence of perceived stigma was found to be 89.3%. Being female, rural residency, lack of social support, long duration of relationship with the patient and currently not married were found significantly associated with the perceived stigma of caregivers. CONCLUSION: Prevalence of perceived stigma is very high in the current study. Thus, stigma reduction program and expanding of strong social support should better be implemented by different stakeholders for caregivers of people with severe mental illness.

Unmasking the silent epidemic: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of undiagnosed diabetes in Ethiopian adults.

Background: Undiagnosed diabetes mellitus poses a significant global public health concern, exerting a substantial impact on the well-being of individuals, their families, and societies at large. Those individuals with undiagnosed diabetes miss opportunities to maintain quality of life and prevent diabetes-related complications. Even if there are ample primary studies on undiagnosed diabetes in Ethiopia, the results reveal conflicting results. Therefore, a comprehensive national picture of undiagnosed diabetes is essential for designing effective strategies at the national level. Methods: This study adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines for prevalence studies (PROSPERO ID: CRD42021266676). PubMed, Web of Science and the World Health Organization's Hinari portal were searched using a strategy developed in collaboration with Liberians. The inclusion criteria comprised studies reporting undiagnosed diabetes in Ethiopia. Two independent reviewers conducted a quality assessment using a 10-item appraisal tool. Meta-analysis and meta-regression were performed using a random-effects model. Result: Twenty-five studies with 22,193 participants met the inclusion criteria. The pooled prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes among the Ethiopian adult population was 5.68% (95% CI: 4.53 - 6.83, I2 = 75.4). Factors significantly associated with undiagnosed diabetes include age, waist circumference, overweight, family history of diabetes, and a history of hypertension. Conclusion: Our systematic review found a noteworthy prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes in Ethiopia. The majority of factors linked with undiagnosed diabetes in this review were modifiable. This underscores the importance of targeted factors and public health interventions to improve early detection and reduce the burden of undiagnosed diabetes and its complications in Ethiopia. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero, identifier CRD42021266676.

Triple Burden of Neurocognitive Impairment and Co-occurring Depression and Anxiety Among People Living With HIV in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia: A Multicenter Study.

Background: Neurocognitive impairment is associated with psychological morbidities, such as depression and anxiety, among people living with HIV. The presence of these comorbidities affects viral load suppression, treatment adherence, quality of life, treatment outcomes, and functionality. Despite this fact, there is a dearth of studies that examined the triple burden of neurocognitive impairment and co-occurring depression and anxiety among antiretroviral therapy attendees in Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the magnitude of HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment and co-occurring depression and anxiety at the same time among people living with HIV/AIDS. Method: We conducted an institution-based multicenter cross-sectional study in Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia. A total of 410 study participants were selected using a systematic random sampling technique. Neurocognitive impairment was assessed using the International HIV Dementia Scale. Co-occurring depression and anxiety were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. A semi-structured questionnaire was applied to collect data on sociodemographic and clinical-related characteristics. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and univariate and multivariable logistic regression. Results: Two-thirds (66.8%) of the people living with HIV had neurocognitive impairment. The prevalence of co-occurring depression and anxiety was found in 39.8%. Women with HIV, people with comorbid chronic medical illness, and those under a second-line treatment regimen were factors associated with neurocognitive impairment. Furthermore, pill burden, second-line treatment regimen, HIV clinical stages, social support, HIV-perceived stigma, and neurocognitive impairment were associated factors with co-occurring depression and anxiety. Conclusions: We found a high prevalence of neurocognitive impairment and co-occurring depression and anxiety among people living with HIV/AIDs. Further research is needed to assess the clinical course of neurocognitive impairment and co-occurring depression and anxiety.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of the Ethiopian cohort of adult hypertensive people's adherence to healthy behaviors.

Background: Adherence to healthy behavior has become increasingly important in recent years for better blood pressure management. For the management and prevention of hypertension, it is a strong recommendation. But there have been a number of observational studies conducted in Ethiopia on hypertensive people's healthy lifestyle choices. An extensive review, however, that would have provided even a sliver of supporting data for developing an intervention, is missing. The purpose of this review and meta-analysis was to fill in this gap. Methods: The meta-analysis of an observational study was followed by a systematic review. Searches and extracts from the databases CINAHL (EBSCO), MEDLINE (via Ovid), PubMed, EmCare, and Google Scholar have been conducted by three reviewers. Only studies with low and moderate risk were included in the analysis after the quality of the articles was evaluated by two independent reviewers using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. After accounting for heterogeneity and publication bias, this study presented the estimated overall and six major domains of adherence to healthy behaviors among hypertensive adult individuals. The PROSPERO database had this systematic review registered under protocol number CRD 42020206150. Results: The overall estimated adherence to healthy lifestyle habits among Ethiopian hypertensive adult individuals was 42.45% (95% CI: 33.51-51.38, I2 = 95.2%). We also investigate the adherence of major domains of healthy behaviors, such as the estimated healthy dietary adherence: 50.86% (95% CI: 39.61-62.11%), the estimated adherence to physical activity: 48.74% (95% CI: 36.60-60.96), and the estimated adherence to sodium intake: 51.79% (95% CI: 36.77-66.8). The following variables were statistically significant predictors of adherence to the overall health behavior: education level (Pooled Odds Ratio (POR): 2.8; 95% CI: 1.98-3.63, I2 = 0.0%), duration of hypertension (POR: 3.1; 95% CI: 1.80-4.32, I2 = 0.0%), and hypertensive people who was knowledgeable of hypertension (POR: 6.8; 95% CI: 1.05-12.58, I2 = 89.3%). Conclusions: Less than half of the hypertension population in Ethiopia had healthy lifestyle behaviors. A low percentage of hypertensive adults also had adhered to salt (sodium) intake, physical activity, and weight management. So, intervention programs should focus on the health faithfulness of the specific section of adherence to healthy lifestyle practice according to recommended lifestyle practice guidelines.

Work-Related Stress and Associated Factors Among Textile Factory Employees in Northwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: Work-related stress is becoming an alarmingly growing public health concern worldwide. Textile factories are among the most common manufacturing industries that have a higher rate of work-related stress. Investigating the prevalence and factors associated with work-related stress will help planners and decision-makers at every level in planning, managing, and evaluating the health status of the employees. Research evidence is limited for work-related stress in Northwest Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess work-related stress and associated factors among textile factory employees in Northwest Ethiopia. METHODS: A cross-sectional study design was employed among 403 employees in Bahir Dar Textile Factory. Data were collected using an interviewer administered questionnaire, then entered into EpiData version 3.1, and analyzed using SPSS version 22 software. Descriptive statistics, bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were carried out. In logistic regression analysis, adjusted odds ratio (AOR), along with 95% confidence interval (CI), was used to identify the associated factors of work-related stress. A P-value<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. RESULTS: The prevalence of work-related stress was 45.2%, with 95% CI=40.0-50.1%. Working in rotational shifts (AOR=2.33, 95% CI=1.34-4.03), current substance use (AOR=5.67, 95% CI=3.38-9.52), poor and medium social support (AOR=3.75, 95% CI=1.71-8.21 and AOR=3.26, 95% CI=1.39-7.64) were significantly associated factors with work-related stress, respectively. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION: Near to half of the study participants had work-related stress. Work shift, substance use, and social support were among the factors which affect work-related stress. Thus, interventions that could reduce work-related stress such as stress management programs should be considered.