Extensive brown tumors caused by parathyroid adenoma in an adolescent patient.

Primary hyperparathyroidism is a rare endocrine disease in children and young adults. The early detection and treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism led to a marked decrease in classical bone and renal manifestations of the disease. Osteitis fibrosa cystica and brown tumors have become extremely rare clinical entities. Moreover, the skeletal involvement in primary hyperparathyroidism secondary to parathyroid adenoma is extremely rare. We report on an adolescent girl with multiple brown tumors and a history of recurrent fractures as the manifestation of primary hyperparathyroidism associated with a parathyroid adenoma. The patient's clinical presentation mimicked parathyroid carcinoma. She had a large tumor associated with marked elevation in the parathyroid hormone and serum calcium levels. Skeletal manifestations were also atypical for benign primary hyperparathyroidism, with widespread brown tumors in the patient.

Infantile systemic hyalinosis with early thyroid dysfunction.

Infantile systemic hyalinosis is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by diffuse hyaline deposits in the skin, gastrointestinal tract, muscles and glands. The molecular basis of infantile systemic hyalinosis is unknown. The main pathological feature is widespread hyalinosis of many tissues and organs. We present an 18 month-old girl with infantile systemic hyalinosis and hypothyroidism. Newly diagnosed children with infantile systemic hyalinosis should have thyroid studies as a routine part of diagnostic work-up.

Association of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, CYCLIN D1 and Cathepsin D with Clinicopathological Parameters in Breast Carcinoma; an Immunohistochemical Study.

OBJECTIVE: Breast carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor detected in women. The hypothesis that increased levels of adhesion molecules and Cathepsin D affect cancerous cells moving away the primary tumor and contributes to migration of the cancerous cell and may cause remote organ metastases is defended. The aim of the present study was to search the association of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), Cyclin D1, cathepsin D immunohistochemically with clinicopathological parameters in the patients diagnosed with invasive ductal breast carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The pathological slides of 153 patients diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma were evaluated retrospectively. Three groups were created. Group 1 consisted of patients with positive lymph node metastasis and extranodal tumor invasion; Group 2 consisted of patients with positive axillary lymph node metastasis and negative extranodal tumor invasion and Group 3 consisted of the patients with negative axillary lymph node metastasis. In all groups, 20 paraffin blocks belonging to the primary tumor in the breast were stained by ICAM-1, VCAM-1, Cyclin D1 and Cathepsin D. Findings were examined by comparing with clinicopathological parameters. RESULTS: The highest number of metastatic axillary lymph nodes and the highest rate of cathepsin D staining were statistically found in the cases with positive axillary lymph node metastasis and extranodal tumor invasion. CerbB2 was negative in the cases with negative ICAM-1 whereas estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor were positive in the cases with positive VCAM-1. CONCLUSION: The present study reveals significant results for the patients diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma through breast biopsy especially before mastectomy in terms of increased number of metastatic axillary lymph nodes and extranodal tumor invasion by immunohistochemical Cathepsin D stain without any additional invasive intervention. Results of the present study may contribute to monitoring and treatment of the patients in the future.

Survivin and cycline D1 expressions are associated with malignant potential in mucinous ovarian neoplasms.

The most prevalent malignant ovarian neoplasms are epithelial ovarian cancers which is the most common cause of death among all gynecologic malignancies and a result of complex interaction of multiple oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. The aim of this study was to evaluate expression of survivin and cycline D1 biomarkers in mucinous ovarian neoplasms and their correlations with clinicopathological variables in mucinous ovarian cancers. We analyzed pathological specimens of 98 patients with benign (n = 34), borderline (n = 22) and malignant (n = 42) mucinous ovarian neoplasms. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that survivin and cyclin D1 expressions were located primarily in the nucleus of ovarian tumor cells and relatively weaker cytoplasmic staining. Survivin expression was significantly higher in malignant tumors (88.1 %) than those found in borderline (18.2 %) and benign tumors (8.8 %) (p < 0.001). Similarly, higher cyclin D1 expression was observed in malignant tumors (100 %) compared to borderline (36.4 %) and benign tumors (5.9 %) (p < 0.001). Expression of all biomarkers analyzed significantly and gradually increased from benign to borderline and borderline to malignant mucinous tumors. In terms of clinicopathological variables, tumor grade, FIGO stage and lymph node methastasis were associated with the expression of both biomarkers. Whereas age exhibited no different correlations in mucinous ovarian cancers. The expressions of survivin and cycline D1 are positively correlated with the malignant potential of mucinous ovarian neoplasms.

Colon agenesis with ileovesical fistula and anorectal malformation.

Colonic agenesis is a rare cause of congenital bowel obstruction and is usually associated with other malformations such as abdominal wall defects or gastrointestinal, cardiac, urogenital, and musculoskeletal lesions. Although many uncommon types have been reported, ileovesical fistula (IVF) associated with total colonic agenesis (TCA) has not been reported in a newborn with anorectal malformation (ARM). This is the first report of a 1-day-old newborn with ARM, IVF, and TCA.

Protective effect of pentoxifylline on growth plate in neonatal rats following long-term phototherapy.

We demonstrated previously that receiving long-term phototherapy was associated with early impairment of growth plate structure in neonatal rats, and oxidative stress may be the main risk factor for growth plate injury. The purpose of this study was to examine the histomorphometric effects of pentoxifylline treatment on the growth plate. Sixty weanling Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly separated into three equal groups. Group A, the control group, did not receive phototherapy and pentoxifylline. Groups B and C were exposed to phototherapy for 7 d. In addition to phototherapy, group C was also given pentoxifylline during the study period. Compared with zonal lengths on d 7 after initiation of phototherapy, group B had significantly lower values than group A for all zonal lengths (p < 0.001). Zonal lengths of growth plate were increased significantly with pentoxifylline treatment in group C for 7 d compared with group B (p < 0.001). After phototherapy, group B had significantly higher values than groups A and C for plasma malondialdehyde levels (p < 0.001). The pentoxifylline was found here to have some potential to reduce the effects of phototherapy on growth plate in neonatal rats at a relatively low dose.

Effects of phototherapy on the growth plate in newborn rats.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of phototherapy and oxidative stress on the growth plate of newborn rats. Forty newborn Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into a phototherapy group and a control group. Twenty of the rats received phototherapy for 7 days. All zones of the growth plate were assessed with quantitative histomorphometric analysis. Individual zonal lengths were measured for the reserve zone (RZ), the proliferative zone (PZ), the hypertrophic zone (HZ), ossifying cartilage (OC), and total zone (TZ) of the growth plate. Levels of plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), an index of oxidative stress, were also evaluated. Compared with zonal lengths on day 7 after phototherapy between the two groups, the phototherapy group had significantly lower values than those of controls for RZ (5.13 +/- 0.36 vs. 6.4 +/- 0.85 mm x 10(-2); P < 0.001), PZ (20.6 +/- 3.0 vs. 29.25 +/- 1.68 mm x 10(-2); P < 0.001), HZ (15.4 +/- 1.44 vs. 20.87 +/- 1.12 mm x 10(-2); P < 0.001), OC (47.08 +/- 4.25 vs. 62.06 +/- 3.7 mm x 10(-2); P < 0.001), and TZ (88.15 +/- 6.56 vs. 118.48 +/- 4.50 mm x 10(-2); P < 0.001). Plasma MDA levels were correlated with the size of the PZ in the phototherapy group (r = -0.53, P = 0.01). In a multivariate regression model for all rats, being in the phototherapy group was the best predictor of the size of the TZ (beta = -0.94, P < 0.001), with the total variance explained being 88%. These results suggest that in newborn rats, receiving phototherapy is associated with early impairment of growth plate structure, and oxidative stress may be the main risk factor for growth plate injury.