RESUMO
BACKGROUND: A national strategy against hepatitis C virus (HCV) was implemented in Spain in 2015 with the aim of reducing associated morbidity and mortality. In order to improve our understanding of the epidemiology of HCV, we analysed the prevalence of HCV antibodies and active infection overall and by age and sex in the general population aged 20-80 years. We also aimed to report the undiagnosed fraction. METHODS: A national population-based seroprevalence survey was conducted in 2017-2018. A representative sample from the general population was selected using two-stage sampling. The prevalence of total HCV antibodies and of HCV RNA was calculated using inverse probability weighting based on bootstrapping. RESULTS: Overall, we approached 17 496 persons; 9103 agreed to participate and met the eligibility criteria and 7675 were aged 20-80. We obtained a prevalence of HCV antibodies of 0.85% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.64-1.08%] and of active infection of 0.22% (95% CI: 0.12-0.32%). The prevalence of active HCV infection was highest in men aged 50-59 (0.86%; 95% CI: 0.28-1.57%) and in men aged 60-69 years (0.72%; 95% CI: 0.27-1.28%). Prevalence was below 0.20% in the remaining age groups. The undiagnosed fraction for active HCV infection was 29.4%. CONCLUSION: This study shows that prevalence of HCV in the general population in Spain is low and reflects the impact of scaling up treatment with direct acting antivirals, together with other prevention strategies, from 2015 onwards. The data reported can guide subsequent public health actions.
Assuntos
Hepatite C Crônica , Hepatite C , Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Hepacivirus , Hepatite C/diagnóstico , Hepatite C/tratamento farmacológico , Hepatite C/epidemiologia , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite C/uso terapêutico , Hepatite C Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Masculino , Prevalência , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Espanha/epidemiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Varicella vaccine was recommended in the Community of Madrid (CM) at 15months of age between November 2006 and December 2013. The objective was to describe the impact of vaccination on the incidence of varicella in the CM during the period 2001-2015. DESIGN: A descriptive study of cases of varicella reported to the Sentinel Physician Network of the CM and the cases recorded in the Minimum Basic Data Set at hospital discharge was carried out. Total incidence of cases and of hospital admissions were calculated, as well as specific incidence by age and sex. RESULTS: The incidence was 94.0% lower between 2012 and 2013 than between 2001 and 2003. Between 2014 and 2015 the incidence was 61.8% higher than between 2012 and 2013. The highest incidence was observed in children aged 0 to 4years except for 2010-2014, which was exceeded by the incidence in children aged 5 to 9. The trend in hospital admissions was also decreasing, with the highest incidence in children aged 0 to 1year, followed by 1-4years. CONCLUSIONS: There has been a significant decrease in the incidence of cases and of hospital admissions by varicella in all age groups after the recommendation to vaccinate at 15months of age, which is compatible with the effectiveness of a dose and its ability to produce immunity group. The withdrawal of this recommendation between 2014 and 2015 has led to an increase in the incidence.
Assuntos
Varicela/epidemiologia , Cobertura Vacinal/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Varicela/prevenção & controle , Vacina contra Varicela , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Lactente , Masculino , Espanha/epidemiologia , Fatores de Tempo , Saúde da População UrbanaRESUMO
Objetivo: La vacuna frente a la varicela se recomendó en la Comunidad de Madrid (CM) a los 15 meses de edad entre noviembre de 2006 y diciembre de 2013. El objetivo fue describir el impacto de la vacunación sobre la incidencia de la varicela en la CM durante el período 2001-2015. Diseño: Estudio descriptivo de los casos de varicela notificados a la Red de Médicos Centinela de la CM y de los casos registrados en el Conjunto Mínimo Básico de Datos al alta hospitalaria. Se calculó la incidencia de casos y de ingresos de varicela, total y específica por edad y sexo. Resultados: La incidencia fue un 94,0% menor en el período 2012-2013 que en el período 2001-2003. En el período 2014-2015 la incidencia fue un 61,8% superior que en el período 2012-2013. La incidencia más alta se apreció en los niños de 0-4 años excepto en el período 2010-2014, en el que fue superada por la del grupo de 5-9 años. La tendencia de los ingresos hospitalarios también fue decreciente, siendo el grupo de menores de un año el de mayor incidencia. Conclusiones: La recomendación de vacunar a los 15 meses de edad ha producido un importante descenso de la incidencia de casos y de ingresos por varicela en todos los grupos de edad, lo que es compatible con la efectividad de una dosis y su capacidad para producir inmunidad de grupo. La retirada de esta recomendación en 2014 y 2015 ha conllevado un incremento de la incidencia (AU)
Objective: Varicella vaccine was recommended in the Community of Madrid (CM) at 15 months of age between November 2006 and December 2013. The objective was to describe the impact of vaccination on the incidence of varicella in the CM during the period 2001-2015. Design: A descriptive study of cases of varicella reported to the Sentinel Physician Network of the CM and the cases recorded in the Minimum Basic Data Set at hospital discharge was carried out. Total incidence of cases and of hospital admissions were calculated, as well as specific incidence by age and sex. Results: The incidence was 94.0% lower between 2012 and 2013 than between 2001 and 2003. Between 2014 and 2015 the incidence was 61.8% higher than between 2012 and 2013. The highest incidence was observed in children aged 0 to 4 years except for 2010-2014, which was exceeded by the incidence in children aged 5 to 9. The trend in hospital admissions was also decreasing, with the highest incidence in children aged 0 to 1 year, followed by 1-4 years. Conclusions: There has been a significant decrease in the incidence of cases and of hospital admissions by varicella in all age groups after the recommendation to vaccinate at 15 months of age, which is compatible with the effectiveness of a dose and its ability to produce immunity group. The withdrawal of this recommendation between 2014 and 2015 has led to an increase in the incidence (AU)