[Anxiety and depressive disorders in cardiovascular diseases]. / Troubles anxieux et depressifs dans les pathologies cardiovasculaires.

Cardiovascular diseases are often associated with anxiety and depression. The literature gives different interpretations of this comorbidity. Psychopathological factors have been successively studied as risk factors, comorbid disorders and factors influencing the prognostic. The authors describe the incidence and the prevalence of anxiety and depression, first in coronary heart disease and secondly before cardiac surgery. The prognostic significance of these psychological factors is also reviewed. Physiopathological hypothesis and practical application in clinical practice are proposed.

[Suicidal action and sacrificial violence: systemic and anthropological hypothesis]. / Passage à l'acte suicidaire et violence sacrificielle: hypothèse systémique et anthropologique.

Studies concerning suicidal behavior show practical limitations of epidemiology and risk factor analysis. Suicidal behaviour is usually considered as a consequence of mental disease, but suicide cannot be studied without addressing the context of the acting-out. Suicide attempt can be interpreted as a thematic relational act, in which the central phenomenon is anger. Using the anthropological hypothesis of scapegoating described by René Girard and a theoretical systemic approach, we propose a vision of suicide attempts in a micro-social context, offering a new interpretation of the acting-out. Application of the hypothesis to the suicidal context shows that suicidal behavior may be considered as a relationship modality. The understanding of rivalry mechanisms and integration of care in a context which takes account of the complexity of suicidal behaviour offers the possibility of developing potentially valuable approaches to prevention.