Integrated Transcriptome Sequencing Analysis Reveals Role of miR-138-5p/ TBL1X in Placenta from Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The placenta has been suggested to play a crucial role in the pathology of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Placenta-specific microRNAs (miRNAs) and the corresponding targeting genes involved in the pathology of GDM still remain to be elucidated. We aimed to identify the dysregulated miRNAs and the corresponding mRNA targets through an integrated miRNA and mRNA transcriptomic profiles analysis and investigate the role of differentially expressed miR-138-5p/TBL1X in GDM. METHODS: RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed in 16 placentas from GDM and control group. Differentially expressed mRNAs and miRNAs in GDM were validated by quantitative PCR (qPCR). The wound healing assay and transwell migration assay were used to analyze cell migration ability. The cell proliferation was determined by CCK8 assay. Luciferase assay was used to confirm the direct binding of the targeted TBL1X with miR-138-5p. RESULTS: Totally, 281 mRNAs and 32 miRNAs were found to be differentially expressed in the GDM placentas. The biological relationships of the miRNA/mRNA pairs were related to cellular development and function and organ morphology. Among the aberrantly expressed molecules, we selected miR-138-5p from the bioinformatics analysis and found that miR-138-5p significantly inhibited the migration and proliferation of trophoblasts (HTR-8/SVneo) by targeting the 3'-UTR of TBL1X. Furthermore, the aberrant expression of miR-138-5p and TBL1X was significantly correlated with the weight of the placenta. CONCLUSION: We present the first integrative analysis of miRNA and mRNA expression profiles in GDM placenta and uncover a more detailed role for miR-138-5p, as well as its target TBL1X in the pathology of GDM.

The YY1-HOTAIR-MMP2 Signaling Axis Controls Trophoblast Invasion at the Maternal-Fetal Interface.

We aimed to determine the effect of YY1 expression on the expression profile of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in trophoblasts, and we studied the involvement of certain lncRNAs and YY1 in the pathogenesis of recurrent miscarriage (RM). RT2 lncRNA PCR arrays revealed that YY1 overexpression in trophoblasts significantly promoted the expression of the HOX transcript antisense RNA HOTAIR and demonstrated that HOTAIR expression was significantly lower in the RM trophoblasts than in control trophoblasts. Ectopic HOTAIR overexpression and knockdown experiments revealed that it was a novel target of YY1. Bioinformatics analysis identified two YY1-binding sites in the HOTAIR promoter region, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis verified that YY1 binds directly to its promoter region. Interestingly, HOTAIR overexpression enhanced trophoblast invasion in an ex vivo explant culture model, while its knockdown repressed these effects. Furthermore, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) label-free quantitative proteomics screening revealed that HOTAIR overexpression activated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-protein kinase B (PI3K-AKT) signaling in trophoblasts. In an ex vivo explant culture model, HOTAIR overexpression effectively elevated matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) expression via the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, enhancing trophoblast migration and invasion. These findings reveal a new regulatory pathway in which YY1 activates PI3K-AKT signaling via HOTAIR, promoting MMP2 expression, suggesting that HOTAIR is a potential therapeutic target for RM.

Correlation of Maternal Serum Homocysteine in the First Trimester with the Development of Gestational Hypertension and Preeclampsia.

BACKGROUND This study investigated the relationship of serum homocysteine in early pregnancy with the risk of gestational hypertension (GH) and preeclampsia (PE) and with the severity of preeclampsia. MATERIAL AND METHODS In a retrospective cohort study, we identified 147 confirmed cases of preeclampsia (103 with mild PE and 44 with severe PE) and 147 confirmed cases of GH; 4418 women who remained normotensive and nonproteinuric throughout pregnancy served as controls. Maternal blood samples were collected at between 11 and 13 weeks of gestation to test serum concentrations of homocysteine (Hcy), folic acid, and VitB12. A logistic regression model was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Women who subsequently developed GH and PE were older and had higher body mass indexes (BMIs) than those in the control group. Compared with the control group, women who developed PE were less educated (P=0.031), and more of those who developed GH were primiparas (P=0.012). The serum levels of Hcy in severe PE were significantly higher than those in the control group (median: 8.50 µmol/L vs. 7.33 µmol/L, P<0.001). After logistic regression analyses for potential confounding factors, the adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of Hcy was 1.12 for severe PE (95% CI 1.06-1.20). The serum concentrations of folic acid and VitB12 in those with GH and PE were not significantly different from controls. CONCLUSIONS A high level of Hcy in the first trimester is an independent risk factor for severe PE, although it is not a useful marker for the subsequent development of GH and mild PE.

A pre­clinical model combining cryopreservation technique with precision­cut slice culture method to assess the in vitro drug response of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Models considering hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) complexity cannot be accurately replicated in routine cell lines or animal models. We aimed to evaluate the practicality of tissue slice culture by combining it with a cryopreservation technique. We prepared 0.3­mm­thick tissue slices by a microtome and maintained their cell viability using a cryopreservation technique. Slices were cultured individually in the presence or absence of regorafenib (REG) for 72 h. Alterations in morphology and gene expression were assessed by histological and genetic analysis. Overall viability was also analyzed in tissue slices by CCK­8 quantification assay and fluorescent staining. Tissue morphology and cell viability were evaluated to quantify drug effects. Histological and genetic analyses showed that no significant alterations in morphology and gene expression were induced by the vitrification­based cryopreservation method. The viability of warmed HCC tissues was up to 90% of the fresh tissues. The viability and proliferation could be retained for at least four days in the filter culture system. The positive drug responses in precision­cut slice culture in vitro were evaluated by tissue morphology and cell viability. In summary, the successful application of precision­cut HCC slice culture combined with a cryopreservation technique in a systematic drug screening demonstrates the feasibility and utility of slice culture method for assessing drug response.

Early Prediction of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in the Chinese Population via Advanced Machine Learning.

CONTEXT: Accurate methods for early gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (during the first trimester of pregnancy) prediction in Chinese and other populations are lacking. OBJECTIVES: This work aimed to establish effective models to predict early GDM. METHODS: Pregnancy data for 73 variables during the first trimester were extracted from the electronic medical record system. Based on a machine learning (ML)-driven feature selection method, 17 variables were selected for early GDM prediction. To facilitate clinical application, 7 variables were selected from the 17-variable panel. Advanced ML approaches were then employed using the 7-variable data set and the 73-variable data set to build models predicting early GDM for different situations, respectively. RESULTS: A total of 16 819 and 14 992 cases were included in the training and testing sets, respectively. Using 73 variables, the deep neural network model achieved high discriminative power, with area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.80. The 7-variable logistic regression (LR) model also achieved effective discriminate power (AUC = 0.77). Low body mass index (BMI) (≤ 17) was related to an increased risk of GDM, compared to a BMI in the range of 17 to 18 (minimum risk interval) (11.8% vs 8.7%, P = .09). Total 3,3,5'-triiodothyronine (T3) and total thyroxin (T4) were superior to free T3 and free T4 in predicting GDM. Lipoprotein(a) was demonstrated a promising predictive value (AUC = 0.66). CONCLUSIONS: We employed ML models that achieved high accuracy in predicting GDM in early pregnancy. A clinically cost-effective 7-variable LR model was simultaneously developed. The relationship of GDM with thyroxine and BMI was investigated in the Chinese population.

The Impact of Gestational Weight Gain on the Risks of Adverse Maternal and Infant Outcomes among Normal BMI Women with High Triglyceride Levels during Early Pregnancy.

A high maternal triglyceride (mTG) level during early pregnancy is linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes, but the use of specific interventions has been met with limited success. A retrospective cohort study was designed to investigate the impact of gestational weight gain (GWG) on the relationship between high levels of mTG and adverse pregnancy outcomes in normal early pregnancy body mass index (BMI) women. The patients included 39,665 women with normal BMI who had a singleton pregnancy and underwent serum lipids screening during early pregnancy. The main outcomes were adverse pregnancy outcomes, including gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, cesarean delivery, preterm birth, and large or small size for gestational age (LGA or SGA) at birth. As a result, the high mTG (≥2.05mM) group had increased risks for gestational hypertension ((Adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 1.80; 95% CI, 1.46 to 2.24)), preeclampsia (1.70; 1.38 to 2.11), gestational diabetes (2.50; 2.26 to 2.76), cesarean delivery (1.22; 1.13 to 1.32), preterm birth (1.42, 1.21 to 1.66), and LGA (1.49, 1.33 to 1.68) compared to the low mTG group, after adjustment for potential confounding factors. Additionally, the risks of any adverse outcome were higher in each GWG subgroup among women with high mTG than those in the low mTG group. High mTG augmented risks of gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, preterm birth, and LGA among women with 50th or greater percentile of GWG. Interestingly, among women who gained less than the 50th percentile of GWG subgroups, there was no relationship between high mTG level and risks for those pregnancy outcomes when compared to low mTG women. Therefore, weight control and staying below 50th centile of the suggested GWG according to gestational age can diminish the increased risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes caused by high mTG during early pregnancy.

Association of high maternal triglyceride levels early and late in pregnancy with adverse outcomes: A retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Excess maternal triglyceride (mTG) exposure during early or late pregnancy increases risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, it is inconclusive whether persistently high maternal triglyceride during whole pregnancy has more negative associations. OBJECTIVE: To explore whether persistently high maternal triglyceride (mTG) levels from early to late pregnancy further increases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. METHODS: We included 12,715 women who had a singleton birth and who underwent routine serum lipid screenings in both early (9-13 weeks) and late (28-42 weeks) pregnancy during May 2018 to July 2019 in a university-based maternity center. Risks for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), preeclampsia, preterm delivery, small/large for gestational age (LGA) were estimated. RESULTS: Elevated mTG levels during early pregnancy were associated with increased risks of preterm delivery (AOR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.21 to 1.90), preeclampsia (1.75; 1.29 to 2.36), gestational diabetes mellitus (1.95; 1.69 to 2.25), and LGA (1.28; 1.12 to 1.46). Compared with those with low mTG levels both in the 1st and 3rd trimesters, persistently high mTG levels increased the risks of preeclampsia (2.53; 1.66 to 3.84), GDM (1.97; 1.57 to 2.47), and LGA (1.68; 1.37 to 2.07). However, persistently high mTG levels only slightly increased risk of LGA when compared with high mTG levels during the 1st trimester alone (1.34, 1.01 to 1.77). CONCLUSIONS: Elevated mTG levels during early pregnancy not in late pregnancy could be the crucial risk factor associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. These results suggest the importance of lipid screenings and preventions during early pregnancy, which may help to improve pregnancy outcomes.

Increased Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes Associated With Stage 1 Hypertension in a Low-Risk Cohort: Evidence From 47 874 Cases.

The recommendations for the diagnosis of stage 1 hypertension were recently revised by the American Heart Association primarily based on its impact on cardiovascular disease risks. Whether the newly diagnosed stage 1 hypertension impacts pregnancy complications remain poorly defined. We designed a retrospective cohort study to investigate the associations of stage 1 hypertension detected in early gestation (<20 weeks) with risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes stratified by prepregnancy body mass index. A total of 47 874 women with singleton live births and blood pressure (BP) <140/90 mm Hg were included, with 5781 identified as stage 1a (systolic BP, 130-134 mm Hg; diastolic BP, 80-84 mm Hg; or both) and 3267 as stage 1b hypertension (systolic BP, 135-139 mm Hg; diastolic BP, 85-90 mm Hg; or both). Slightly higher, yet significant, rates and risks of gestational diabetes mellitus, preterm delivery, and low birth weight (<2500 g) were observed in both groups compared with normotensive controls. Importantly, women with stage 1a and stage 1b hypertension had significantly increased incidences of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy compared with normotensive women (adjusted odds ratio, 2.34 [95% CI, 2.16-2.53]; 3.05 [2.78-3.34], respectively). After stratifying by body mass index, stage 1a and 1b hypertension were associated with increased hypertensive disorders in pregnancy risks in both normal weight (body mass index, 18.5-24.9; adjusted odds ratio, 2.44 [2.23-2.67]; 3.26 [2.93-3.63]) and the overweight/obese (body mass index, ≥25; adjusted odds ratio, 1.90 [1.56-2.31]; 2.36 [1.92-2.90]). Current findings suggested significantly increased adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with stage 1 hypertension based on the revised American Heart Association guidelines, especially in women with prepregnancy normal weight.

Thyroid function reference ranges during pregnancy in a large Chinese population and comparison with current guidelines.

BACKGROUND: A correct thyroid function reference range is important for the accurate diagnosis of thyroid disease during pregnancy. However, there is no consensus on whether thyroid function reference ranges in Chinese population should follow the America Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines. This study aimed to establish a thyroid function reference range more suited to the Chinese population by evaluating the current thyroid function reference range in pregnant Chinese women and comparing it to the ATA guidelines. METHODS: A total of 52,027 pregnant women were enrolled from January 2013 to December 2016. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), and thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) levels were tested during the first and third trimesters of pregnancy. Reference ranges of TSH and FT4 were established from the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles of the TPOAb-negative population of women. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare thyroid hormones between the TPOAb-positive and TPOAb-negative groups. RESULTS: We obtained that the TSH reference ranges were 0.03 to 3.52 mU/L and 0.39 to 3.67 mU/L, and the FT4 reference ranges were 11.7 to 19.7 pmol/L and 9.1 to 14.4 pmol/L, in the first and third trimester, respectively. If we used the 2011 ATA criteria about 7.0% and 4.0% pregnant women would be over diagnosed in first and third trimester, respectively, compared with local population thyroid hormone reference. When we compared our local criteria with the new 2017 ATA criteria, about 1.2% and 0.8% pregnant women would have a missed diagnosis in first and third trimester, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Based on our data, which is in line with the current ATA guidelines, a population-based thyroid function reference range would be the first choice for diagnosis of thyroid disease during pregnancy in China. In case such population-based thyroid function reference ranges are unavailable in the east of China, our reference ranges can be adopted, if the same assay is used. TRIAL REGISTRATION: www.chictr.org.cn (No. ChiCTR1800014394).

Maternal High Triglyceride Levels During Early Pregnancy and Risk of Preterm Delivery: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

CONTEXT: Maternal obesity increases the risk of preterm delivery. Obesity is known to be associated with altered lipid metabolism. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the associations between high maternal triglyceride (mTG) levels during early pregnancy and risks of preterm delivery stratified by early pregnancy body mass index (BMI). DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: University-based maternity center. PATIENTS: 49,612 women with singleton pregnancy who underwent fasting serum lipid screening during early pregnancy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Risk of preterm delivery (total, <37 weeks; early, 28 to 33 weeks; and late, 34 to 36 weeks). RESULTS: Among women enrolled, 2494 had a preterm delivery, including 438 early preterm and 2056 late preterm delivery. High mTG (>90th percentile, 2.04 mM) was associated with shortened gestation. Risks of total, early, and late preterm deliveries increased with mTG levels, and the high mTG-related risk was highest for early preterm delivery [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.72; 95% CI, 1.30 to 2.29]. After stratification by BMI, high mTG was associated with risk of preterm delivery in both overweight or obese (OWO) women (AOR 1.32; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.70) and women with normal BMI (AOR 1.36; 95% CI, 1.16 to 1.59). In additional sensitivity analyses, we found that high mTG was related to higher risks of preterm delivery among OWO women and women with normal BMI (AOR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.07 to 2.22 and 1.62, 1.34 to 1.96, respectively), especially early preterm delivery (AOR 2.47; 95% CI, 1.19 to 5.10, and AOR 2.50; 95% CI, 1.65 to 3.78, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: High mTG level during early pregnancy increased the risks of preterm delivery not only in OWO women but also in women with normal BMI.

Effect of the p53-tristetraprolin-stathmin-1 pathway on trophoblasts at maternal-fetal interface.

PROBLEM: To reveal the effect of p53-tristetraprolin-stathmin-1 signaling on trophoblasts and recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA). METHOD OF STUDY: Stathmin-1 (STMN1), p53, and tristetraprolin (TTP) expression in paraffin-embedded villus tissue was determined using immunohistochemistry. HTR-8/SVneo cells were treated with doxorubicin to activate p53; STMN1 and TTP levels were detected by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and western blotting. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to investigate STMN1 expression after TTP overexpression or knockdown in HTR-8 cells. RESULTS: STMN1 was downregulated and p53 was upregulated in the villus tissue from patients with RSA. Doxorubicin decreased STMN1 expression but enhanced TTP expression in HTR-8 cells. In vitro, TTP overexpression inhibited STMN1 production; TTP knockdown promoted it. TTP downregulated STMN1 expression in trophoblasts by directly binding its 3' untranslated region. CONCLUSIONS: TTP modulates trophoblast function and interacts with STMN1 and p53, and is related to pregnancy outcomes.

Comparison of the Reference Intervals Used for the Evaluation of Maternal Thyroid Function During Pregnancy Using Sequential and Nonsequential Methods.

BACKGROUND: Maternal thyroid dysfunction is common during pregnancy, and physiological changes during pregnancy can lead to the overdiagnosis of hyperthyroidism and misdiagnosis of hypothyroidism with nongestation-specific reference intervals. Our aim was to compare sequential with nonsequential methods for the evaluation of thyroid function in pregnant women. METHODS: We tested pregnant women who underwent their trimester prenatal screening at our hospital from February 2011 to September 2012 for serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) using the Abbott and Roche kits. There were 447 and 200 patients enrolled in the nonsequential and sequential groups, respectively. The central 95% range between the 2.5th and the 97.5th percentiles was used as the reference interval for the thyroid function parameter. RESULTS: The nonsequential group exhibited a significantly larger degree of dispersion in the TSH reference interval during the 2nd and 3rd trimesters as measured using both the Abbott and Roche kits (all P < 0.05). The TSH reference intervals were significantly larger in the nonsequential group than in the sequential group during the 3rd trimester as measured with both the Abbott (4.95 vs. 3.77 mU/L, P < 0.001) and Roche kits (6.62 vs. 5.01 mU/L, P = 0.004). The nonsequential group had a significantly larger FT4 reference interval as measured with the Abbott kit during all trimesters (12.64 vs. 5.82 pmol/L; 7.96 vs. 4.77 pmol/L; 8.10 vs. 4.77 pmol/L, respectively, all P < 0.05), whereas a significantly larger FT4 reference interval was only observed during the 2nd trimester with the Roche kit (7.76 vs. 5.52 pmol/L, P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: It was more reasonable to establish reference intervals for the evaluation of maternal thyroid function using the sequential method during each trimester of pregnancy. Moreover, the exclusion of pregnancy-related complications should be considered in the inclusion criteria for thyroid function tests.

Intravaginal Misoprostol for Cervical Ripening and Labor Induction in Nulliparous Women: A Double-blinded, Prospective Randomized Controlled Study.

BACKGROUND: In China, no multicenter double-blinded prospective randomized controlled study on labor induction has been conducted till now. This study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravaginal accurate 25-µg misoprostol tablets for cervical ripening and labor induction in term pregnancy in nulliparous women. METHODS: This was a double-blinded, prospective randomized controlled study including nulliparous women from 6 university hospitals across China. Subjects were randomized into misoprostol or placebo group with the sample size ratio set to 7:2. Intravaginal 25-µg misoprostol or placebo was applied at an interval of 4 h (repeated up to 3 times) for labor induction. Primary outcome measures were the incidence of cumulative Bishop score increases ≥3 within 12 h or vaginal delivery within 24 h. Safety assessments included the incidences of maternal morbidity and adverse fetal/neonatal outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 173 women for misoprostol group and 49 women for placebo were analyzed. The incidence of cumulative Bishop score increases ≥3 within 12 h or vaginal delivery within 24 h was higher in the misoprostol group than in the placebo (64.2% vs. 22.5%, relative risk [RR]: 2.9, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.4-6.0). The incidence of onset of labor within 24 h was significantly higher in the misoprostol group than in the placebo group (48.0% vs. 18.4%, RR: 2.6, 95% CI: 1.2-5.7); and the induction-onset of labor interval was significantly shorter in the misoprostol group (P = 0.0003). However, there were no significant differences in the median process time of vaginal labor (6.4 vs. 6.8 h; P = 0.695), incidence (39.3% vs. 49.0%, RR: 0.8, 95% CI: 0.4-1.5) and indications (P = 0.683) of cesarean section deliveries, and frequencies of maternal, fetal/neonatal adverse events between the groups. CONCLUSION: Intravaginal misoprostol 25 µg every 4 h is efficacious and safe in labor induction and cervical ripening.

The negative influence of high-glucose ambience on neurogenesis in developing quail embryos.

Gestational diabetes is defined as glucose intolerance during pregnancy and it is presented as high blood glucose levels during the onset pregnancy. This condition has an adverse impact on fetal development but the mechanism involved is still not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of high glucose on the developing quail embryo, especially its impact on the development of the nervous system. We established that high glucose altered the central nervous system mophologically, such that neural tube defects (NTDs) developed. In addition, we found that high glucose impaired nerve differentiation at dorsal root ganglia and in the developing limb buds, as revealed by neurofilament (NF) immunofluorescent staining. The dorsal root ganglia are normally derived from neural crest cells (NCCs), so we examine the delamination of NCCs from dorsal side of the neural tube. We established that high glucose was detrimental to the NCCs, in vivo and in vitro. High glucose also negatively affected neural differentiation by reducing the number and length of neurites emanating from neurons in culture. We established that high glucose exposure caused an increase in reactive oxidative species (ROS) generation by primary cultured neurons. We hypothesized that excess ROS was the factor responsible for impairing neuron development and differentiation. We provided evidence for our hypothesis by showing that the addition of vitamin C (a powerful antioxidant) could rescue the damaging effects of high glucose on cultured neurons.

Reference intervals for common thyroid function tests, during different stages of pregnancy in Chinese women.

BACKGROUND: The importance of diagnosis of thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy has been widely recognized. Our study was designed to compare two different detection reagents between Abbott and Roche and to establish the gestational related reference intervals for thyroid function tests (TFT) in Chinese women and to assay the reference ranges with the American Thyroid Association recommended standard. METHODS: Serum samples were collected from 693 normal pregnant Chinese women and divided into five groups according to their gestational age: 9-13, 16-20, 24-28, 32-34 and 37-40 weeks. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) levels were determined by two different detection reagents: Abbott Architect I 2000 and Roche Cobas Elecsys 600. The reference ranges of the TFT indexes were calculated according to the National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry (NACB). The 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles of each stage were calculated, and the results were analyzed by one-way analysis of variances, t-test, and Spearman correlation analysis. RESULTS: Thyroid hormone levels varied greatly among different gestational stages. TSH levels, as assessed via two different TSH ELISA kits showed consistent changing pattern during pregnancy and displayed linear correlation (P < 0.001). In 9-13 gestational weeks, TSH levels were significantly lower than that of other groups; and in 37-40 gestational weeks, it was higher than that of other groups (all P < 0.001). TSH reference ranges determined by Roche detection reagent in each group were higher than those by Abbott detection reagent (P < 0.01 respectively). FT4 levels were higher in 9-13 gestational weeks than that of other groups (P < 0.001). FT4 levels determined by Roche reagent were higher than Abbott reagent in 9-13 weeks, (P < 0.001), and lower in 24-28 and 37-40 weeks (P < 0.001 and P = 0.016, respectively). The TSH level was correlated with FT4 levels in 9-13 gestational weeks by detection reagents (for Abbott reagent, r=-0.319 for FT4 P < 0.001; for Roche reagent, r=-0.352 for FT4, P <0.001). CONCLUSION: Accurate evaluation of TFT in pregnant women should be based on the gestational-related reference intervals in Chinese population, and different detection reagents should also establish their own reference intervals.