[Research on Spectrum Radiation Characteristics of a New Type Infrared/ Ultraviolet Dual Color Decoy].

The advantage of traditional MTV infrared decoys which are mainly consist of magnesium, Teflon and VITON is that it emits high radiant energy, so it is an effective countermeasure to traditional seekers which seek the target by heat source. The spectral radiant intensity which generated from high temperature combustion of MTV infrared decoys in near infrared region and ultraviolet band is very high, and that in Mid-IR region is relative lower, however the radiant intensity of real jet fighter in ultraviolet band is low and the infrared radiant intensity ratio of Mid-IR to near IR band is greater than 1. Thus, the traditional MTV infrared decoys are hardly able to counter the seekers equipped with dual color combined guidance system. Based on the spectral matching principle, we designed and prepared a new infrared/ultraviolet dual color decoy which is mainly consist of oxidant (wt% 45-75), fuel (wt% 10-25), energetic binder (wt% 25-50) and additives. We conducted theoretical calculations on combustion products of the reagent combinations using CEA (Chemic equilibrium & Application) software and initially determined the content of each component of the decoy formulation on the basis of the calculations results, then investigated the infrared radiation characteristics of decoys employing SR5000 spectrum radiometer and remote sensing interferometer spectrometer Tensor37 and analyzed the possible reasons for test results difference of the two systems separately from the test principle and calculation method, the testing environment, stability of testing results and other aspects. We studied the ultraviolet radiation characteristics of decoys using S2000 fiber optical spectrometer and the test results were consistent with the fighter ultraviolet radiant intensity which gained from theoretical calculation. We researched on the temperature characteristics of decoys by Imager IR 8325 mid-infrared thermal imager and it turned out that the dual color decoy is similar to the real fighter target in temperature characteristics. The results indicates that the infrared radiant intensity ratio of Mid-IR to near IR band is from 1 to 3 (1< I(3-5 microm) : I(1-3 microm) <3). The infrared radiant intensity in 3-5 pLm band is tunable from 0.9 to 2.5 kW x sr(-1) while the ultraviolet radiant intensity in 0.3-0.5 microm is about (20 +/- 5)W x sr(-1). The flame temperature is between 850-1100 degrees C. It is proved that the dual color decoy as-designed has excellent characteristics.

The relationship between polymorphisms of interleukin-4 gene and silicosis.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between polymorphisms of interleukin-4 (IL-4) gene (-33, +45, intron3, +429, +448) and the susceptibility of silicosis. METHODS: A case-control study was carried out. 101 silicosis patients were selected as cases. As strictly matching, 121 of non silicosis workers were selected as the controls. The polymophisms of IL-4 (five locus) were detected by the method of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) techniques. RESULTS: The GA genotype in the IL-4+429 locus and the CC genotype in the IL-4+448 locus were found. The frequencies of AA, GG and AG of IL-4+45 locus in the cases were 55.4%, 10.9%, and 33.7% and in the controls were 62.0%, 11.6%, and 26.4%. The differences between cases and controls were not significant. The frequencies of B1B1, B2B2, and B1B2 of intron3 VNTR locus in the cases were 73.3%, 1.0%, and 25.7% and in the controls were 68.6%, 1.7%, and 29.8%. The differences were not significant. The frequencies of TT, CC, and CT in -33 locus in the cases were 55.4%, 11.9%, and 32.7% and in the controls were 69.4%, 4.1%, and 26.4%. The differences were significant (P=0.034). CONCLUSION: The relationship between genetic polymorphism of IL-4-33 site and silicosis has been found and -33TT is a protective genotype for silicosis.

[Case-control study of relationship between polymorphisms of interleukin-4 gene and susceptibility of silicosis].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between polymorphisms of interleukin-4 (IL-4) gene (-33, +45, VNTR, +429, +448) and the susceptibility of silicosis. METHODS: In a case-control study, the case group consisted of 101 patients with silicosis, and was matched with the control group (121 workers without silicosis), according to the age, sex, nationality, working place, exposure to dust. The polymorphisms of IL-4 (five locus) detected by the method of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) techniques. RESULTS: There was no difference of age, exposure and smoking between case group and control group (P > 0.05). The two groups had good comparability. Only the GA genotype in the IL-4 (+429) locus was found, the genotypes of AA and GG were not found. The CC genotype in the IL-4 (+448) locus was found, the genotypes of CG and GG were not found. The frequencies of AA, GG and AG of IL-4 (+45) locus in the case and control groups were 55.4%, 10.9%, 33.7% and 62.0%, 11.6%, 26.4%, respectively, there was no the significant difference between case and control groups (P > 0.05). The frequencies of B1B1, B2B2 and B1B2 of IL-4 (VNTR) locus in the case and control groups were 73.3%, 1.0%, 25.7% and 68.6%, 1.7%, 29.8%, respectively, there was no the significant difference between case and control groups (P > 0.05). The frequencies of TT, CC and CT in IL-4 -33 locus in the case group were 55.4%, 11.9% and 32.7%, which were significantly higher than those (69.4%, 4.1%, 26.4%) in control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: There was no relationship between IL-4 (+45, VNTR) genotypes and prevalence of silicosis in this study. The polymorphisms of IL-4 (+448) site were not found which may be related to the race. The relationship between genetic polymorphism of IL-4 (-33) locus and silicosis development was found, Workers with IL-4 (-33) allele C are susceptible to the silica.