Synthesis of enones, pyrazolines and pyrrolines with gem-difluoroalkyl side chains.

Starting from easily accessible gem-difluoropropargylic derivatives, a DBU-mediated isomerisation affords enones in fair yields with a gem-difluoroalkyl chain. These derivatives were used to prepare pyrazolines and pyrrolines with the desired gem-difluoroalkyl side chain by cyclocondensations in good yields and with excellent stereoselectivity. A one-pot process was also successfully developed for these sequential reactions. By carrying out various types of Pd-catalyzed coupling reactions for compounds with a p-bromophenyl substituent a route to focused chemical libraries was demonstrated.

Facile preparation of the tosylhydrazone derivatives of a series of racemic trans-3,4-substituted cyclopentanones.

We report the synthesis and characterization of a variety of trans-3,4-substituted cyclopentanones and the corresponding tosylhydrazone derivatives starting with diethyl fumarate. Protection of the keto group followed by selective monohydrolysis of esters was achieved, resulting in cyclopentanones with different substituents at positions 3 and 4. The tosylhydrazone derivative of each cyclopentanone intermediate was prepared in moderate to good yields. These compounds are potential precursors for functionalized methanofullerenes.

Seizures in a Child Post Renal Transplant: A Case of Disequilibrium Syndrome.

Disequilibrium syndrome is typically characterized by neurological manifestations that occur acutely posthemodialysis due to a significant drop in serum osmolality. We report a child with disequilibrium syndrome postrenal transplant and compare this presentation to previously reported cases.