Tomato defence against Meloidogyne incognita by jasmonic acid-mediated fine-tuning of kaempferol homeostasis.

Jasmonic acid (JA) is involved in the modulation of defence and growth activities in plants. The best-characterized growth-defence trade-offs stem from antagonistic crosstalk among hormones. In this study, we first confirmed that JA negatively regulates root-knot nematode (RKN) susceptibility via the root exudates (REs) of tomato plants. Omics and toxicological analyses implied that kaempferol, a type of flavonol, from REs has a negative effect on RKN infection. We demonstrated that SlMYB57 negatively regulated kaempferol contents in tomato roots, whereas SlMYB108/112 had the opposite effect. We revealed that JA fine-tuned the homeostasis of kaempferol via SlMYB-mediated transcriptional regulation and the interaction between SlJAZs and SlMYBs, thus ensuring a balance between lateral root (LR) development and RKN susceptibility. Overall, this work provides novel insights into JA-modulated LR development and RKN susceptibility mechanisms and elucidates a trade-off model mediated by JA in plants encountering stress.

In Vitro Antiviral Activity of Germacrone Against Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is one of the most serious diseases affecting the swine industry worldwide; however, there is no efficient control strategies against PRRSV at present. Therefore, development of new antiviral treatment strategies is urgently needed. As reported, germacrone can efficiently impair influenza virus replication. In this study, we exploited whether germacrone has the potential to inhibit PRRSV infection. Our results showed that the germacrone significantly inhibited replication of PRRSV in vitro and repressed the synthesis of viral RNA and protein. However, it did not block PRRSV binding and entry. Further studies confirmed that germacrone impaired PRRSV replication at an early stage, and inhibited infection of both classic and highly pathogenic type II PRRSV strains. Collectively, our findings imply that the germacrone has the potential to be used as an anti-PRRSV drug.

Enhanced adsorption capacity of tetracycline on porous graphitic biochar with an ultra-large surface area.

Excessive tetracycline in the water environment may lead to the harming of human and ecosystem health. Removing tetracycline antibiotics from aqueous solution is currently a most urgent issue. Porous graphitic biochar with an ultra-large surface area was successfully prepared by a one-step method. The effects of activation temperature, activation time, and activator dosage on the structural changes of biochar were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, X-ray powder diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy. The effect of the structure change, adsorption time, temperature, initial pH, and co-existing ions on the tetracycline removal efficiency was also investigated. The results show that temperature had the most potent effect on the specific surface area, pore structure, and extent of graphitization. The ultra-large surface area and pore structure of biochar are critical to the removal of tetracycline. The q e of porous graphitic biochar could reach 1122.2 mg g-1 at room temperature. The calculations of density functional theory indicate that π-π stacking interaction and p-π stacking interaction can enhance the tetracycline adsorption on the ultra-large surface area of graphitic biochar.

Ultrasound-guided microwave ablation for benign thyroid nodules results in earlier and faster nodule shrinkage in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis than in those with normal thyroid function.

Objectives: Given that the histological features of the thyroid parenchyma in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) differ from those of the normal thyroid gland, HT may affect the effectiveness of ultrasound-guided microwave ablation (MWA) for benign thyroid nodules (BTNs). The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of MWA for the treatment of BTNs in patients with both BTNs and HT and those with BTNs and normal thyroid function, based on changes in the volume reduction ratio (VRR) of the BTNs. Methods: Patients who had achieved a VRR ≥50% after MWA for BTN (July 2020-June 2021), followed up for 12 months, and their data were retrospectively analyzed. Results: A total of 213 nodules were identified in 185 patients, including 167 in the "BTN" group and 46 in the "BTN + HT" group. A comparison of the fitting curves for VRR-follow-up time revealed that the VRR increased with time after MWA, although the relationship was nonlinear. Piece-wise linear regression model analysis of the threshold effect of VRR and follow-up time in the two groups indicated that the inflection point of the "BTN" group occurred at 2.1 months: VRR increased fastest within 2.1 months of MWA (rate of change: 32.9% per month; P < 0.001), following which the rate of change was slower and maintained at 1.0% per month (P = 0.006). In the "BTN + HT" group, the inflection point occurred 1.5 months after MWA, with the most significant increase occurring in this period (rate of change: 41.5% per month; P < 0.001), followed by a rate of 2.8% per month (P < 0.001) after 1.5 months. Conclusions: The relationship between VRR and follow-up time for ultrasound-guided MWA for BTN is nonlinear and exhibits a threshold effect. The current results indicated that the VRR in both groups increased before and after the inflection point, although the rate of change was greater before than after the inflection point. The inflection point occurs earlier in patients with BTN + HT than in those with BTN yet normal thyroid function, and this difference may be related to the "oven effect" involved in the development of HT.

A Novel Nomogram Based on Imaging Biomarkers of Shear Wave Elastography, Angio Planewave Ultrasensitive Imaging, and Conventional Ultrasound for Preoperative Prediction of Malignancy in Patients with Breast Lesions.

Several studies have demonstrated the difficulties in distinguishing malignant lesions of the breast from benign lesions owing to overlapping morphological features on ultrasound. Consequently, we aimed to develop a nomogram based on shear wave elastography (SWE), Angio Planewave Ultrasensitive imaging (Angio PLUS (AP)), and conventional ultrasound imaging biomarkers to predict malignancy in patients with breast lesions. This prospective study included 117 female patients with suspicious lesions of the breast. Features of lesions were extracted from SWE, AP, and conventional ultrasound images. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) algorithms were used to select breast cancer-related imaging biomarkers, and a nomogram was developed based on six of the 16 imaging biomarkers. This model exhibited good discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC): 0.969; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.928, 0.989) between malignant and benign breast lesions. Moreover, the nomogram also showed demonstrated good calibration and clinical usefulness. In conclusion, our nomogram can be a potentially useful tool for individually-tailored diagnosis of breast tumors in clinical practice.

Diagnostic Value of Superb Microvascular Imaging in Differentiating Benign and Malignant Breast Tumors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

PURPOSE: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that investigated the diagnostic performance of Superb Microvascular Imaging (SMI) in differentiating between benign and malignant breast tumors. METHODS: Studies published between January 2010 and March 2022 were retrieved by online literature search conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China Biology Medicine Disc, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, and Vip databases. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odd ratios were calculated using Stata software 15.0. Heterogeneity among the included studies was assessed using I2 statistic and Q test. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were conducted to investigate potential sources of heterogeneity. Influence analysis was conducted to determine the robustness of the pooled conclusions. Deeks' funnel plot asymmetry test was performed to assess publication bias. A summary receiver operating characteristic curve (SROC) was constructed. RESULTS: Twenty-three studies involving 2749 breast lesions were included in our meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.80 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.77-0.84, inconsistency index [I2] = 28.32%) and 0.84 (95% CI, 0.79-0.88, I2 = 89.36%), respectively. The pooled diagnostic odds ratio was 19.95 (95% CI, 14.84-26.82). The area under the SROC (AUC) was 0.85 (95% CI, 0.81-0.87). CONCLUSION: SMI has a relatively high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for differentiating between benign and malignant breast lesions. It represents a promising supplementary technique for the diagnosis of breast neoplasms.

Spontaneous internal carotid artery pseudoaneurysm complicated with ischemic stroke in a young man: A case report and review of literature.

BACKGROUND: Carotid artery pseudoaneurysm (PSA) is infrequently encountered in clinical settings. Internal carotid artery (ICA) PSA complicated with ischemic stroke is rare. PSAs are typically caused by iatrogenic injury, trauma, or infection. The underlying mechanisms of spontaneous PSA formation are not well characterized. We report a healthy young man who presented with stroke as a complication of spontaneous PSA of the left ICA. CASE SUMMARY: A 30-year-old man working as a ceiling decoration worker was hospitalized due to sudden-onset speech disorder and right lower extremity weakness. Medical history was unremarkable. Brain computed tomography revealed ischemic stroke. Digital subtraction angiography showed a left ICA PSA with mild stenosis. The patient was conservatively managed with oral anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapy. He recovered well and was discharged. The patient was in good condition during follow-up. CONCLUSION: The occupational history of patient should be taken into consideration while evaluating the etiology of spontaneous ICA PSA in young people with stroke.