A case of contact urticaria due to adigraf, a PVC-made material.

Adigraf is a plastic material applied as thin sheets that may be incised and are used, also by children, to produce artistic drawing. The principal component of adigraf is polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Di-(2-ethylhexyl) adipate is added as a plasticizer. Herein we describe a case of a 14-year-old boy with facial angioedema and widespread urticaria, occurring 1h after contact with an adigraf sheet. Open patch-test with adigraf sheet showed swelling of the application site and widespread urticaria. To our knowledge, there are no similar reports of urticaria and angioedema from adigraf or similar PCV items.

[The role of anti-nucleosome antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus. Results of a study of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and other connective tissue diseases]. / Ruolo degli anticorpi anti-nucleosomi nel lupus eritematoso sistemico. Risultati di uno studio condotto in pazienti con lupus eritematoso sistemico ed altre connettiviti sistemiche.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to investigate the prevalence and the disease specificity of anti-nucleosome antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus and their association with disease activity and renal involvement. METHODS: Anti-nucleosome antibodies were measured by ELISA in the sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (47), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (22), mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) (19), systemic sclerosis (SSc) (11) and Sjögren's syndrome (SS) (10). Anti-dsDNA antibodies were measured by IIF on Crithidia luciliae. In the patients with SLE serum levels of C3 and C4 complement components were also measured. Sera of 22 healthy individuals were assayed as controls. SLE activity was evaluated by the ECLAM score. RESULTS: Anti-nucleosome antibodies were found in 40 patients with SLE (85.1%), in 10 with RA (45.4%), in 8 with MCTD (42.1%), in 4 with SSc (36.3%), in 1 with SS (10%) and in none of the healthy controls. Anti-dsDNA antibodies were found in 23 patients with SLE and were absent in the patients with other CTD and in controls. All the patients with SLE and renal involvement were positive both for anti-dsDNA antibodies and anti-nucleosome antibodies. No significant correlation was observed between anti-nucleosome antibodies and disease activity and renal involvement. CONCLUSION: Anti-nucleosome antibodies are present in a high percentage of the patients with SLE but they don't seem to be specific markers of the disease. Our data don't support a clear correlation between anti-nucleosome antibodies and disease activity and renal involvement.

Influence of 5-fluorouracil and folinic acid on interleukin-18 production in colorectal cancer patients.

AIMS AND BACKGROUND: This study was carried out to evaluate the IL-18 blood concentrations of operated colorectal cancer patients and their possible variation in response to combination chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and folinic acid. METHODS: IL-18 levels were assayed in sera of 18 healthy donors and 18 surgical colorectal cancer patients before and after adjuvant chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil and folinic acid. An ELISA kit for human IL-18 was used for the assay. RESULTS: Colorectal cancer patients showed significantly higher baseline levels of IL-18 than healthy donors (p<0.005). Furthermore, serum IL-18 levels increased significantly with respect to baseline in patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy (p<0.005). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that treatment with 5-fluorouracil and folinic acid may provoke an increase in IL-18 serum levels in colorectal cancer patients. This increase may help to explain the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy with 5-FU in colorectal cancer.

Cerebral vasculitis in a patient with HCV-related type II mixed cryoglobulinemia.

The peripheral nervous system is often involved in patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia (MC), while there are few reports of central nervous system involvement. We describe a case of HCV-related type II MC with peripheral and central nervous system involvement. A 61-year-old woman, suffering from flaccid tetraparesis, was referred to our department because of an increasing disability. The presence of delirium prompted us to also investigate the central nervous system. MMSE, EEG, EMG, brain CT-scan, color-Doppler of neck vessels, retinal fluorangiography and brain MRI were performed. These investigations suggested a cerebral vasculitis. The finding of very low C4 serum levels, together with high rheumatoid factor serum levels, suggested the search for cryoglobulins. The laboratory findings showed a HCV-related type II (IgMk) MC. A marked improvement of symptoms and of laboratory data was obtained by treatment with methylprednisolone + cyclophosphamide.

[High levels of blood IgA in patients with rheumatoid arthritis]. / Alti livelli di IgA seriche in pazienti con artrite reumatoide.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Serum levels of IgA, IgG and IgM were measured in 46 patients (34 women, 12 men) with rheumatoid arthritis. The duration of the disease ranged from 6 months to 30 years; the patients follow-up ranged from 6 months to 12 years. RESULTS: Serum IgA levels higher than the normal (> 450 mg/dl) were found in 20 patients (43.4%). These patients had mean levels of IgG, C3c and erythrocyte sedimentation rate significantly higher than the patients with normal IgA levels. CONCLUSIONS: A significant relationship between the IgA levels and the activity of the disease or its clinical and radiological features was not observed. On the other hand, a relationship was observed between IgA levels and the mean duration of the disease which was significantly more prolonged in patients with high IgA serum levels.

Eosinophilic fasciitis: report of a case diagnosed 14 years after its onset.

The authors describe a case of eosinophilic fasciitis diagnosed 14 years after the onset of the clinical and laboratory manifestations of the disease. Failure to carry out an adeguate histopathological examination during this period played a role in delaying diagnosis.

[Clinical contribution to the problem of correlations between hereditary angioneurotic edema and pregnancy]. / Contributo clinico al problema dei rapporti tra edema angioneurotico ereditario e gravidanza.

Hereditary angioneurotic edema (HAE) is an autosomal dominant disease caused by a deficiency of a complement regulatory protein, the C1INH.HAE is clinically characterized by recurrent, self-limited attacks of edema involving the extremities, face, upper respiratory tract or gastrointestinal tract. Pregnancy in a woman affected by HAE poses therapeutical problems. In fact, prophylactic treatment with danazole or tranexamic acid is control indicated in a pregnant woman. However HAE shows a favourable course in most cases and the delivery, despite the local trauma, is not usually associated with complications. But the occasional occurrence of local edema and the literature report of a death in postpartum, suggest the administration of purified C1INH prophylactically before the delivery. HAE, per sé, neither alters the evolution of pregnancy nor does foetus harm. The A. report on a 22-years old primigravida affected by HAE. She had no attack during the whole gestation, the delivery and the postpartum. She was given 1000 units of purified C1INH concentrate both four hours before the delivery and 24 hours after it.

[Connections between ischemic heart disease and anti-cardiolipin antibody positivity]. / Sui rapporti tra cardiopatia ischemica e positività per anticorpi anti-cardiolipina.

IgG and IgM anti-cardiolipin antibodies (aCL) were measured in 60 patients with ischaemic heart disease by an immunoenzymatic assay. aCL levels higher than normal were detected in 12 of 40 patients (30%) with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and in 7 of 20 patients (35%) with angina pectoris (AP). These values were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those detected in the control group (3/40; 7.5%). As regards the clinical picture, the complications and the outcome of the disease, no difference was observed between aCL-positive and negative patients with AMI. 9 of 12 aCL-positive patients with AMI showed increased levels of aCL in a blood sample obtained in day 1 after admission. Therefore, we must admit such positivity as preexistent to the myocardial infarction. These data together with the high prevalence of aCL in patients with AP suggest that an association should exist between raised levels of aCL and increased risk for AMI in patients with coronary artery disease.

[Idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome associated with rheumatoid arthritis. A case report]. / Sindrome ipereosinofila idiopatica ed artrite reumatoide. Descrizione di un caso.

The idiopathic hypereosinophilic sindrome (HES) is a disease characterized by persistent blood eosinophilia (> 1500 eosinophils/mm3 > 6 months) -in absence of other ethiologies for eosinophilia (parasitic, allergic, immunological or malignant diseases)- associated with multiple organ involvement (heart, lung, central nervous system, skin, bone marrow, gastrointestinal tract). Reports on rheumatologic manifestations in patients with HES are very rare. In the case we report a typical rheumatoid arthritis developed in a 58-year-old woman with HES treated with glucocorticoids. Because of the marked glucocorticoids side effects shown by the patient (cushingoid habitus, hyperglycemia), we stopped this treatment and replaced it at first by methotrexate and later by cyclosporin, both of them associated with sulfasalazine. These drugs revealed very efficacious both on articular pathology and on the clinical and laboratory manifestations of HES. These data suggest that common pathogenetic mechanisms are likely acting in rheumatoid arthritis and idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome.

[Anticardiolipin antibodies in hemodialysis patients and in renal transplant recipients: prevalence and significance]. / Anticorpi anticardiolipina in pazienti in emodialisi e con trapianto renale: prevalenza e significato.

Increased anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) serum levels have been recently described in haemodialysis patients and in renal transplant recipients, with a prevalence ranging from 4.8 to 46.4%. The causes and the clinical significance of aCL positivity in these patients are uncertain. We measured IgG- and IgM-aCL serum levels in 61 haemodialysis patients, in 14 renal transplant recipients and in 38 healthy controls. Increased levels of IgG-aCL were found in 4 haemodialysis patients (6.55%), in 2 transplant patients (14%) and in 2 of the healthy controls (5.26%). IgM-aCL serum levels were normal in all the patients. After one year of follow-up, no vascular events have been observed in aCL positive patients. It is probable that the presence of aCL in the serum of patients with end-stage renal disease is only an epiphenomenon and does not play a pathogenetic role.

[Presence and significance of anticardiolipin antibodies in infectious diseases]. / Sulla presenza e sul significato degli anticorpi anti-cardiolipina nelle malattie infettive.

IgG and IgM anti-cardiolipin antibodies were measured, by an ELISA technique, in the sera of patients with B hepatitis (28), infectious mononucleosis (10), chicken pox (12), HIV infection (20), acquired toxoplasmosis (41) and other infectious diseases [HBsAg+ chronic hepatitis (5), brucellosis (6), herpes zoster (4), boutonneuse fever (3), viral pneumonitis (4), rheumatic fever (2)]. Increased levels of anti-cardiolipin antibodies (aCL), at least in one immunoglobulin class, were detected in 37 out of 135 patients [27.4%; range: 7.3% (in the patients with toxoplasmosis) -80% (in the patients with HIV infection)]. Low or medium titer aCL were present in 28 patients, high titer in 9 (6 with HIV infection, 2 with chicken pox and I with lymphoadenopathic toxoplasmosis). None of the manifestations associated with aCL was present in the aCL-positive patients. Finally, positivity for aCL didn't seem to modify the clinical picture and the prognosis of the infectious disease.

Allergic contact angioedema to benzoyl peroxide.

Benzoyl peroxide (BP) is commonly used for topical acne treatment and has long been known to be a weak allergen and a strong irritant. We report a case of a 26-year-old woman, who presented with an itchy erythematous reaction and strong oedema localized to the face. Two weeks before angioedema, the patient had started a new topical treatment with a gel containing 10% BP for acne. She was patch tested to European Standard Series, including BP 1% in white petrolatum, and to the 10% BP-containing gel previously used by herself, showing positivity on day 2 to BP 1% and to the 10% BP-containing gel. Factors that suggested an association between the severe angioedematous reaction and BP topical application include the strong reaction to BP in the patch-test, the temporal relationship, the complete resolution of symptoms after the drug was withdrawn and the absence of other identified explanations.

Muscle damage induced by black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa).

Extracts of black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa) are commonly used for the treatment of symptoms associated with menopause. Adverse events with black cohosh are rare, mild and reversible. A few number of serious adverse events, including hepatic and circulatory conditions, have been also reported, but without a clear causality relationship. We report the case of a woman with severe asthenia and very high blood levels of creatine phosphokinase and lactate dehydrogenase. The patient referred to take a dietary supplement derived from black cohosh for ameliorating menopause vasomotor symptoms. To exclude a possible involvement of this product, the patient was suggested to discontinue this therapy. After suspicion the patient showed a progressive normalization of biochemical parameters and improvement of clinical symptoms. We can hypothesise a causative role for black cohosh in the muscle damage observed in this patient. Factors suggesting an association between black cohosh and the observed myopathy included the temporal relationship between use of herbal product and asthenia and the absence of other identified causative factors. Rechallenge with the suspected agent was inadvisable for ethic reasons because of the risk of a serious relapse. This is the first time that asthenia associated with high muscle enzymes serum levels by black cohosh has been reported. In our opinion, this report is of interest because of the widespread diffusion of use of black cohosh as an alternative medicine for relief from menopausal symptoms.

[Incidence and significance of the positivity of Widal's reaction in chronic active hepatitis and in liver cirrhosis]. / Incidenza e significato della positività della reazione di Widal nell'epatite cronica attiva nella cirrosi epatica

Agglutinins to S. typhi and/or paratyphi A and B have been found in a high percentage of patients with chronic active hepatitis (54.5%) and liver cirrhosis (61.5%). The coproculture for Salmonella was constantly negative. Formulation some hypotheses able to explain these data, the Author points out the role played by the quantitative and qualitative alterations of the humoral immunity, typical of these liver diseases.

Abdominal attack of hereditary angioedema associated with marked leucocytosis. A case report.

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) attacks are not usually associated with an increase of peripheral blood leucocytes. In a 25-year-old woman suffering from HAE a marked leucocytosis (31,000/mm3) with polynucleosis was observed during a severe attack of the disease. Awareness of the underlying disease, physical examination and the results of instrumental investigations allowed for appropriate treatment avoiding invasive procedures. A leucocytosis of the severity observed in our patient suggests that the abdominal attack of HAE can involve the peritoneum as well as the intestinal mucosa. Thus, in a patient with an attack of abdominal pain the presence of leucocytosis does not exclude the diagnosis of HAE.