[The revolution of AI in drug development]. / L'intelligence artificielle, une révolution dans le développement des médicaments.

Artificial intelligence and machine learning enable the construction of predictive models, which are currently used to assist in decision-making throughout the process of drug discovery and development. These computational models can be used to represent the heterogeneity of a disease, identify therapeutic targets, design and optimize drug candidates, and evaluate the efficacy of these drugs on virtual patients or digital twins. By combining detailed patient characteristics with the prediction of potential drug-candidate properties, artificial intelligence promotes the emergence of a "computational" precision medicine, allowing for more personalized treatments, better tailored to patient specificities with the aid of such predictive models. Based on such new capabilities, a mixed reality approach to the development of new drugs is being adopted by the pharmaceutical industry, which integrates the outputs of predictive virtual models with real-world empirical studies.

Title: L'intelligence artificielle, une révolution dans le développement des médicaments. Abstract: L'intelligence artificielle (IA) et l'apprentissage automatique produisent des modèles prédictifs qui aident à la prise de décisions dans le processus de découverte de nouveaux médicaments. Cette modélisation par ordinateur permet de représenter l'hétérogénéité d'une maladie, d'identifier des cibles thérapeutiques, de concevoir et optimiser des candidats-médicaments et d'évaluer ces médicaments sur des patients virtuels, ou des jumeaux numériques. En facilitant à la fois une connaissance détaillée des caractéristiques des patients et en prédisant les propriétés de multiples médicaments possibles, l'IA permet l'émergence d'une médecine de précision « computationnelle ¼ offrant des traitements parfaitement adaptés aux spécificités des patients.

Risk communication on vaccines during the COVID19 pandemic: is there room for small size or private initiatives? An Israeli experience.

The scientific communication landscape has undergone a significant disruption since the COVID-19 pandemic: a huge number of publications, ample use of preprint publications, a fast-spreading digitalized information. This reflected the unprecedented speed of the research on disease and vaccines. Two kinds of infodemic blew up very soon: a scientific and a tabloid one. With knowledge evolving continuously, governments and institutions deployed their communication campaigns very quickly to explain the different measures, including the vaccination strategies and to fight against infodemics. The need for a more focused population, the French-speaking community, arose spontaneously in Israel, leading to the creation of a Vaccine Task Force, independent, multidisciplinary, and composed of 20 high-level volunteers, physicians, pharmacists, and scientists, which provides evidence-based information, open and free, to healthcare professionals and the public, both most in demand, and then the experts' meetings in Israel and abroad. Current resources: 40 webinars, all recorded and accessible on the association website, questions and answers, press and scientific literature review, and hotline; communication through the website, social media, and audio-visual media. In French, English, and Hebrew. The team undertook to explain the role of Israel in vaccine rollout and real-world data provision to the international community, both in Israel and abroad. Performance indicators are as follow: attendees' number (~3000), website frequentation (7200 +) social media followers. In conclusion, this information campaign requires no budget; relies on volunteers who expressed their willingness to contribute to the global effort, as seen all over the world; and uses simple, cheap, and ubiquitous IT platforms. The Task Force created ERANIM, the Israel Society for Medication and Vaccines Safety. This scheme could easily apply for minorities or for medium/low-income countries, using the resources available in WHO, Vaccine Safety Net, health agencies, and academies. Key factors are multidisciplinary, influencers belonging to communities, and a network of partnerships. Plain Language Summary: Risk communication on vaccines during the COVID19 pandemic: is there room for small size or private initiatives? An Israeli experience Background: The scientific communication landscape has undergone a significant disruption since the COVID-19 pandemic: a huge number of publications, ample use of preprint publications, a fast-spreading digitalized information. This reflected the unprecedented speed of the research on disease and vaccines. Two kinds of infodemic blew up very soon: a scientific and a tabloid one. With knowledge evolving continuously, governments and institutions deployed their communication campaigns very quickly to explain the different measures, including the vaccination strategies and to fight against infodemics.An Israelian initiative: method: The need for a more focused population, the French-speaking community, arose spontaneously in Israel, leading to the creation of a Vaccine Task Force, independent, multidisciplinary, and composed of 20 high-level volunteers, physicians, pharmacists, and scientists, which provides science-based information, open and free, to healthcare professionals and the public, both most in demand, and then the experts' meetings in Israel and abroad.Results: Current resources: More than 40 webinars, recorded, questions and answers, press and scientific literature review, and hotline, through the website, social media, and audio-visual media. In French, English, and Hebrew. The team undertook to explain the role of Israel in vaccine rollout and real-world data provision to the international community, both in Israel and abroad. Performance indicators are as follow: attendees number (~3000), website frequentation (7200 +) social media followers.In conclusion: This information campaign requires no budget; relies on volunteers who expressed their willingness to contribute to the global effort, as seen all over the world; and uses simple, cheap, and ubiquitous IT platforms. The Task Force created ERANIM, the Israel Society for Medication and Vaccines Safety. This scheme could easily apply for minorities or for medium/low-income countries, using the resources available in WHO, Vaccine Safety Net, health agencies, and academies. Key factors are multidisciplinary, influencers belonging to communities, and a network of partnerships.

Pharmacovigilance strategy: opportunities for cross-national learning.

The Israeli Ministry of Health has set up the foundations of a National Pharmacovigilance System. The next step is to adopt the best of the international ideas, trends and approaches which are shaping the future of pharmacovigilance. Specifically: 1) The risk management approach requires proactively preventing or minimizing risks, starting in early clinical development and extending all along the lifecycle of a pharmaceutical. 2) Drug safety is a multidisciplinary discipline where all stakeholders should be involved. 3) Clinical trials provide an ideal safety profile limited to the restrictive conditions of the trial. Only real-world data, from the post marketing period, will reveal the real risk/benefit balance for the use of a pharmaceutical in regular clinical care. 4) Artificial intelligence is needed to analyze the large amount of data collected through the post-marketing studies, electronic medical records and the internet. Many AI tools have been developed to support better use of pharmaceuticals. 5) Quality-oriented, thorough inspections and audits are critical for achieving patient safety. 6) Patients should be recognized as active players in their treatment who can, and should, have access to safety information through the major agencies' websites.Israel can benefit from several of its key assets to reach a higher level of pharmacovigilance: 1) Israel's four HMOs are organized in a way that allows them to have quick and efficient dialogue with healthcare professionals and with patients. Moreover, a new project named, Big Data in Health, will pool the epidemiologic databases of the HMOs, providing precious information for understanding risk factors, detecting alerts, and developing personalized medicine. 2) Formal risk management activities have long been part of the culture of hospitals and should be applied increasingly to ensuring drug safety.Israel has the organizational, scientific, technological and cultural resources needed to quickly overcome the challenges and go beyond its current state to build a unique pharmacovigilance system which could serve as an example for other countries.