Best practices for iatrogenic anaemia prevention in the intensive care unit: Blood-sparing techniques.

Anaemia is a common issue in patients who are admitted to intensive care units and worsens their condition throughout the stay due to the extraction of blood for diagnostic purposes. It is also well-known that an important amount of the carbon dioxide produced by health services is likely attributable to blood donation, testing and manufacture, storage or distribution of blood components. This must be taken into account to perform nursing interventions consistent with the idea of sustainable health care. In this regard, within patient blood management bundles, with the objective of minimizing the use of blood products, it is recommended to use blood-sparing techniques: small volume tubes (SVT) or closed-blood sampling devices (CBSD). Published studies before 2014 (excepting two more recent ones) have shown that by themselves, both techniques reduce drawn volume but do not decrease haemoglobin reduction and/or need of transfusion. Given the lack of cost-effectiveness studies, it may be easier to implement the use of CBSD as it does not require prior consensus on the discard volume or adaptations in the processing of laboratory tests, as is the case with SVT.

Competencias profesionales de las matronas suecas y españolas: un estudio cualitativo de sus percepciones / Professional skills of Swedish and Spanish midwives: a qualitative study of their perceptions

OBJETIVOS: Conocer y comparar las percepciones que poseen las matronas de España y Suecia acerca de sus competencias profesionales en la atención al parto, así como la formación académica recibida al respecto y los cuidados prestados durante el parto normal. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio cualitativo de corte fenomenológico con entrevistas individuales semiestructuradas realizado a 12 matronas que trabajaban en el área de partos. Se llevó a cabo un muestreo por conveniencia y en bola de nieve para acceder a las participantes. El análisis de contenido se basó en categorías analíticas preestablecidas, triangulándolas entre los investigadores y teniendo en cuenta el procedimiento clásico propuesto por Huberman y Miles. RESULTADOS: En los discursos de los participantes se observan diferencias y similitudes. Por un lado, los informantes españoles refieren tener conocimientos y desarrollos competenciales de forma parcial, por lo que requieren más formación, y realizan una atención al parto donde la comunicación y las técnicas son prioritarias. Sin embargo, las matronas suecas reflejan pocos conocimientos competenciales, y otorgan importancia al parto humanizado. CONCLUSIONES: Las matronas españolas conocen sus competencias y abogan por un despliegue total de las mismas en atención primaria y hospitalaria, donde la carencia de innovación radica en la falta de recursos humanos, materiales y formativos. Las profesionales suecas desconocen sus competencias; sin embargo, albergan un amplio campo de actuación, donde realizan intervenciones basadas en evidencias. Igualmente, manifiestan la necesidad de más formación en emergencias obstétricas

OBJECTIVES: To know and compare the perceptions that midwives' from Spain and Sweden have about their professional competences in delivery care, received education and procedures to assist a normal childbirth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Qualitative and phenomenological study with semi structured and individual interviews performed with 12 midwives' who worked in delivery area. Convenience and snowballing sampling was performed to access the participants. Content analysis was based in pre-established analytic categories, triangulated among the researchers and taking into account the classic procedure proposed by Huberman & Miles. RESULTS: In the speeches of the participants we could observe differences and similarities. On the one hand, Spanish informants refer to know and develop their competences partially, to require more education and to assist childbirth where communication and techniques are the priority. However, Swedish midwives' do have less knowledge about their competences, giving importance to humanized childbirth. CONCLUSIONS: Spanish midwives' know their competences, claiming a total development of them in outpatient clinics and hospitals, where lack of innovation is due to the deficiency of human, educative and time resources. Swedish professionals don't know their competences, however, they have a large field of action, where they perform interventions based on evidence. Furthermore they refer the need of more education in emergency situations

Conocimientos y creencias sobre el manejo del dolor crónico no oncológico de enfermeras de grupos de medicina familiar / Knowledge and beliefs about chronic non cancer pain management for family medicine group nurses

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