Safety of biologic therapy in combination with methotrexate in moderate to severe psoriasis: a cohort study from the BIOBADADERM registry.

BACKGROUND: Safety is an important consideration in decisions on treatment for patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis and the study of drug safety is the main purpose of the BIOBADADERM registry. The combination of a biologic agent and a conventional systemic drug [generally methotrexate (MTX)] is a common treatment in clinical practice. However, there is a paucity of evidence from real-world practice on the safety of such combination regimens in the treatment of psoriasis. OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of this study was to ascertain whether the use of regimens combining biologic drugs with MTX in the management of moderate-to-severe psoriasis increases the risk of adverse events (AEs) or serious AEs (SAEs). We compared monotherapy using tumour necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-23 inhibitors with the use of the same drugs in combination with MTX. METHODS: Using data from the BIOBADADERM registry, we compared biologic monotherapies with therapies that were combined with MTX. We estimated adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRR) using a random effects Poisson regression with 95% confidence intervals for all AEs, SAEs, infections and serious infections and other AEs by system organ class. RESULTS: We analysed data from 2829 patients and 5441 treatment cycles, a total of 12 853 patient-years. The combination of a biologic with MTX was not associated with statistically significant increases in overall risk of AEs or SAEs in any treatment group. No increase in the total number of infections or serious infections in patients receiving combined therapy was observed for any group. However, treatment with a TNF inhibitor combined with MTX was associated with an increase in the incidence of gastrointestinal AEs (aIRR 2.50, 95% CI 1.57-3.98; P < 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: The risk of AEs and SAEs was not significantly increased in patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis receiving different classes of biologic drugs combined with MTX compared with those on biologic monotherapy.

Heterogeneous IL-9 Production by Circulating Skin-Tropic and Extracutaneous Memory T Cells in Atopic Dermatitis Patients.

Interleukin (IL)-9 is present in atopic dermatitis (AD) lesions and is considered to be mainly produced by skin-homing T cells expressing the cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen (CLA). However, its induction by AD-associated triggers remains unexplored. Circulating skin-tropic CLA+ and extracutaneous/systemic CLA- memory T cells cocultured with autologous lesional epidermal cells from AD patients were activated with house dust mite (HDM) and staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB). Levels of AD-related mediators in response to both stimuli were measured in supernatants, and the cytokine response was associated with different clinical characteristics. Both HDM and SEB triggered heterogeneous IL-9 production by CLA+ and CLA- T cells in a clinically homogenous group of AD patients, which enabled patient stratification into IL-9 producers and non-producers, with the former group exhibiting heightened HDM-specific and total IgE levels. Upon allergen exposure, IL-9 production depended on the contribution of epidermal cells and class II-mediated presentation; it was the greatest cytokine produced and correlated with HDM-specific IgE levels, whereas SEB mildly induced its release. This study demonstrates that both skin-tropic and extracutaneous memory T cells produce IL-9 and suggests that the degree of allergen sensitization reflects the varied IL-9 responses in vitro, which may allow for patient stratification in a clinically homogenous population.

Effectiveness and safety of tildrakizumab for the treatment of psoriasis in real-world settings at 24 weeks: A retrospective, observational, multicentre study by the Spanish Psoriasis Group.

BACKGROUND: Tildrakizumab is a humanized, IgG1/κ antibody that interacts with the p19 subunit of interleukin 23. It is approved for the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. Real-world evidence on the effectiveness and safety of tildrakizumab is limited. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness and safety of tildrakizumab at 24 weeks in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis in routine clinical practice. METHODS: Retrospective, observational, multicentre study including adult patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis treated with tildrakizumab under real-life conditions. Patient data were extracted from anonymized electronic medical records. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS22. RESULTS: A total of 190 patients were included. About 53.9% were men with a mean age of 51.45 (SD 3.9) and a mean BMI of 29.13 (SD 6.21). About 79.8% (132 out of 190) of patients had previously received biological therapy (BT) and 17.3% (33 out of 191) had psoriatic arthritis. Baseline PASI was 10.7 (SD 6.53). Up to 109 patients reached Week 24 and at this point mean baseline PASI decreased to 1.7 (SD 4.8), representing an 88.79% mean PASI reduction. At 6 months, 87.1% and 40.3% of the treated patients achieved PASI ≤3 and ≤1, respectively. At Week 24 mean BSA decreased from 13.2 (SD 10.07) to 1.6 (SD 4.40) and mean DLQI went from 12.5 (SD 7.12) to 1.2 (SD 3.27). Multivariate analysis showed no differences when effectiveness was correlated with gender, obesity, psoriatic arthritis or prior exposure to BT. The rate of adverse events (AE) was 5.9% (11 out of 190), where infections were the most frequent AE (4 out of 11). One patient suffered a haemorrhagic ictus and one patient died due to causes unrelated to the study. CONCLUSION: Tildrakizumab was effective and safe in a large cohort of patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis treated in a routine clinical setting.

Guselkumab effectiveness and survival in patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: Multicenter analysis in daily clinical practice by the Spanish Psoriasis Group.

Guselkumab is a monoclonal antibody that selectively blocks the p19 subunit of interleukin 23 and has been approved for the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis and active psoriatic arthritis in adult patients due to its efficacy in different clinical trials. Therefore, itis important to know the performance of guselkumab in this setting of patients in clinical practice given that a high percentage of them are not represented in these clinical trials. Our objective was to evaluate the effectiveness and tolerability of guselkumab in clinical practice in the first patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis treated since the date of its approval for psoriasis in Spain, in joint dermatology-rheumatology clinics. A multicenter retrospective data collection was carried out, in which 14 hospitals participated, including a total of 90 patients with psoriatic arthritis confirmed by a rheumatologist. Data collection was recorded at baseline and at weeks 12, 24, and 52 for both the articular and cutaneous domains. Ninety PsA patients started treatment with guselkumab and therefore were included in this study. The vast majority had already failed to at least to one biologic therapyprior guselkumab prescription. The median age was 55 years, 61% were female and 46% had a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 . Sixty-nine percent suffered from peripheral arthritis, and in 34% an axial involvement was also detected; dactylitis or enthesitis was present in 24% and 29% of patients, respectively. Guselkumab was effective in controlling both articular and skin manifestations of PsA patients. Absolute PASI significantly decreased from 10.5 to 4.8, 1.9 and 1.3 at weeks 12, 24, and 52, respectively. In 29 out of 61 (48%) of cases, DAPSA was moderate or high, and patients showed a significant reduction in DAPSA at 12, 24, and 52 weeks of treatment (mean DAPSA values at baseline and follow up were 29, 20, 16, and 14, respectively). Patients with DAPSA in low activity or in remission at the time of initiation of guselkumab maintained response at the end of the study period. No new safety concerns were detected. Seventy-eight out of 90 patients (84.4%) persisted on treatment after 2 years follow-up. Our experience suggests that guselkumab isan effective drug for PsA and PsO patients in clinical practice with good tolerability and no additional safety signals, making it a new therapeutic alternative for the treatment of PsA and PsO patients.

Effect of Sex in Systemic Psoriasis Therapy: Differences in Prescription, Effectiveness and Safety in the BIOBADADERM Prospective Cohort.

The effect of sex on systemic therapy for psoriasis has not been well studied. The aim of this study was to analyse a large multicentre Spanish cohort of 2,881 patients with psoriasis (58.3% males), followed from January 2008 to November 2018, to determine whether sex influences prescription, effectiveness of therapy, and the risk of adverse events. The results show that women are more likely than men to be prescribed biologics. There were no differences between men and women in effectiveness of therapy, measured in terms of drug survival. Women were more likely to develop adverse events, but the difference in risk was small and does not justify different management. Study limitations include residual confounding and the use of drug survival as a proxy for effectiveness.

Interplay between Humoral and CLA+ T Cell Response against Candida albicans in Psoriasis.

Candida albicans (CA) infections have been associated with psoriasis onset or disease flares. However, the integrated immune response against this fungus is still poorly characterized in psoriasis. We studied specific immunoglobulins in plasma and the CA response in cocultures of circulating memory CD45RA- cutaneous lymphocyte antigen (CLA)+/- T cell with autologous epidermal cells from plaque and guttate psoriasis patients (cohort 1, n = 52), and also healthy individuals (n = 17). A complete proteomic profile was also evaluated in plaque psoriasis patients (cohort 2, n = 114) regarding their anti-CA IgA levels. Increased anti-CA IgA and IgG levels are present in the plasma from plaque but not guttate psoriasis compared to healthy controls. CA cellular response is confined to CLA+ T cells and is primarily Th17. The levels of anti-CA IgA are directly associated with CLA+ Th17 response in plaque psoriasis. Proteomic analysis revealed distinct profiles in psoriasis patients with high anti-CA IgA. C-C motif chemokine ligand 18, chitinase-3-like protein 1 and azurocidin were significantly elevated in the plasma from plaque psoriasis patients with high anti-CA levels and severe disease. Our results indicate a mechanism by which Candida albicans exposure can trigger a clinically relevant IL-17 response in psoriasis. Assessing anti-CA IgA levels may be useful in order to evaluate chronic psoriasis patients.

IL-15 and IL-23 synergize to trigger Th17 response by CLA+ T cells in psoriasis.

IL-15 has emerged as a potentially relevant target in the IL-17 response in psoriasis. However, its mechanism is poorly characterized in humans. IL-15 and IL-23 are constitutively expressed in the psoriatic lesion. Also, IL-15 is considered a susceptibility-associated gene in psoriasis, as are IL-23R, and HLACW6. Here, we studied the effect of IL-15 and IL-23 stimulation on the cytokine response of CLA+/CLA- T cells from 9 psoriasis patients and 3 healthy control subjects. To this end, CLA + and CLA- T cells from blood samples were cultured with epidermal cells from skin biopsies and treated with IL-15 and IL-23. After five days of culture, cytokines in supernatant were measured by ELISA or fluorescent bead-based immunoassay. There was a statistically significant increase in IL-17F and IL-17A production (P < .001) in cocultures of psoriasis skin-homing CLA + T cells with epidermal cells when stimulated with IL-15 and IL-23, but this effect was not observed in the cells of healthy controls. Interestingly, this response was reduced by around 50 to 80% by blocking HLA class I and II molecules. Our results point to the synergic action of IL-15 and IL-23 selectively for CLA + cells in psoriasis, leading to the induction of Th17 cell-related cytokines.

The effectiveness and safety of ixekizumab in psoriasis patients under clinical practice conditions: A Spanish multicentre retrospective study.

The objective of the study was to evaluate efficacy and safety of ixekizumab in psoriasis patients under clinical practice conditions. Observational, retrospective, multicentre study that included patients with ixekizumab from March 2017 to March 2019. ≥ 90% reduction in the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI 90) and absolute PASI <2 were the parameters used to assess treatment response. Adverse events (AEs) were collected. Of the 301 patients included, 111 were women (36.9%), mean age was 48.5 (±13.5) years. Mean baseline PASI score was 13.5 (±7.7). More than half of the patients (68.5%) had received at least one biological drug before. At 3 months, 208 (76.5%) patients achieved PASI <2 and 156 (57.3%) PASI 90. At 12 months, 130 (73.4%) patients achieved absolute PASI <2 and 104 (58.7%) PASI 90. Multivariate analysis revealed that prior use of biologics was influential in achieving PASI <2 at both 3 and 12 months (OR 2.82, P = .006; OR 9.51, P < .001, respectively). Sixty-five patients (21.59%) exhibited at least one AE, injection site reaction was the most common (39; 36.8%). Likewise in trials, ixekizumab displayed an excellent profile of safety and efficacy also in real-life. Effectiveness appears superior in biologic-naive patients.

Ultrasound Assessment of Psoriatic Onychopathy: A Cross-sectional Study Comparing Psoriatic Onychopathy with Onychomycosis.

This cross-sectional study evaluated the usefulness of an ultrasound technique in assessment of nail changes in 35 patients with psoriatic onychopathy and 25 with nail dystrophy secondary to onychomycosis. All patients underwent 3 examinations: a complete clinical assessment; a nail ultrasound study; and fungal culture. Nails of patients with psoriatic onychopathy presented a thinner nail plate and nail bed, measured by ultrasound, than did those with onychomycosis. The percentage of patients with a power Doppler signal ?2 at nail bed was significantly higher in psoriatic onychopathy than in onychomycosis, and structural bone lesions were more frequent in psoriatic onychopathy than in onychomycosis. These results suggest that the presence of structural damage and high-power Doppler signal are the main ultrasound findings supporting a diagnosis of psoriatic onychopathy.

Patients with Moderate to Severe Psoriasis Associate with Higher Risk of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms: Results of a Multivariate Study of 300 Spanish Individuals with Psoriasis.

Psoriasis is a chronic skin disease associated with considerable physical and psychological comorbidities. Stress and emotional disturbances have been implicated in both triggering the onset and exacerbation of psoriasis. In order to determine the level of perceived stress and mood alterations in patients with psoriasis and their association with disease severity, 300 individuals completed diverse validated questionnaires assessing stress and psychological mood. Evaluation of perception of disease was also measured. A significant association between psoriasis severity and mood, emotional disturbances and an impact on assessments of the quality of life were observed. Particularly, Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale, Hamilton Rating Scale and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale for Depression detected a significant risk for depression in relation to the disease severity. The association between depression features, anxiety and perceived stress with psoriasis severity is important and can influence the appropriate management of psoriasis.

Long-term etanercept survival in patients with psoriatic arthritis: a multicenter retrospective analysis in daily clinical practice in Spain.

Although several randomized clinical trials and observational studies have evaluated the effectiveness, safety and drug survival of etanercept (ETN) in the treatment of psoriatic arthritis (PsA), long-term data regarding these aspects are currently scarce. For this reason, we sought to investigate the long-term survival and safety of ETN in PsA patients in 4 tertiary care Spanish hospitals over a 13-year observation period (from 2004 to 2017). The records of 85 PsA patients were reviewed. ETN showed an excellent survival profile, with rates of treatment discontinuation at 1, 3, 5 and 10 years of 15, 37, 46 and 59%, respectively. In our cohort, a trend toward longer drug survival in patients with shorter disease duration and those who were treated with ETN as their first biologic agent was observed. On the other hand, combination therapy with conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs did not provide greater improvement on the long-term drug survival. Only 12% of the patients reported adverse events (AEs) during therapy, being most of them of mild to moderate intensity, and in only 7% AEs led to drug discontinuation. To the best of our knowledge, the present study shows the largest follow-up period of ETN-treated population analyzed in a real-life setting, and these results demonstrate the positive safety profile and long-term effectiveness of this biologic agent in the management of PsA patients.

Streptococcus pyogenes-induced cutaneous lymphocyte antigen-positive T cell-dependent epidermal cell activation triggers TH17 responses in patients with guttate psoriasis.

BACKGROUND: Guttate psoriasis (GP) is characterized by acute onset of small, rounded psoriatic lesions. Although this particular phenotype of psoriasis is usually associated with streptococcal throat infections and mainly occurs in HLA-Cw6(+) patients, the specific immunologic response to this innate stimulus that causes these skin lesions is poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to elucidate how key cellular elements of patients with GP respond to Streptococcus pyogenes and whether this initial immune response is favored by the genetic and environmental background of these patients. METHODS: Circulating memory T cells and autologous epidermal cells from samples from either patients with GP (n = 14) or healthy control subjects (n = 6) were cocultured ex vivo in the presence of an S pyogenes extract. Levels of the psoriasis-associated cytokines IL-17A, IL-17F, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 were determined. The expression of several genes with increased (DEFB4, S100A7, LCN2, IL36G, IL8, CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11) or decreased (FLG and LOR) transcripts in psoriatic lesions was examined in keratinocytes treated with coculture supernatants. RESULTS: When skin-homing effector memory cutaneous lymphocyte antigen-positive T cells were used in cocultures, a TH17-dominant response was observed, as reflected by the higher amounts of IL-17A and IL-17F than IFN-γ. Moreover, a higher TH17 response was observed in cells isolated from patients with flares associated with a streptococcal tonsillitis and with the HLA-Cw6 allele (cohort 1). In addition, in normal keratinocytes the supernatants from these cocultures induced an increase in IL-17-associated genes, such as DEFB4, S100A7, LCN2, IL36G, and IL8 but a decrease in FLG and LOR, thereby confirming the role of activated TH17 cells. CONCLUSION: This study reveals a dominant TH17 response of cutaneous lymphocyte antigen-positive T cells activated by epidermal cells and S pyogenes in patients with GP.

Certolizumab pegol effectiveness, survival and safety in patients with psoriasis: A multicenter retrospective analysis in daily clinical practice by the Spanish Psoriasis Group.

BACKGROUND: Certolizumab is an Fc-free PEGylated tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) inhibitor recently approved for the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis, although there is limited real-world evidence on the effectiveness and safety in patients with plaque psoriasis treated with certolizumab. The objective of this article is to determine the effectiveness, drug survival, and safety, including pregnancy, childbirth, and lactation, of certolizumab in moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis under real-world conditions. METHODS: This is a retrospective, multicenter, observational study performed in 15 hospitals in Spain. It evaluates the effectiveness and safety of certolizumab in plaque psoriasis in the clinical practice setting. RESULTS: A total of 67 patients (73% female) were evaluated with a mean baseline Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) of 8.9. At Week 12, the mean PASI was 2.3 (n = 67), 1.3 (n = 57) at Week 24 and 1.3 at Week 52 (n = 34). Absolute PASI < 3 was achieved in 69, 86, and 92% of patients at Weeks 12, 24, and 52, respectively, as observed. For its part, using the under-response imputation analysis, PASI < 3 at Weeks 12, 24, and 52 were achieved by 69, 73, and 49% of the patients, respectively. A total of 35 patients (52%) had concomitant psoriatic arthritis, and, in 24 of them, Disease Activity in Psoriatic Arthritis Score (DAPSA) was recorded at baseline, with a mean value of 17.9 which decreased to 8.2 at Week 12 (n = 22) and to 3.6 at Week 24 (n = 18). Certolizumab treatment was discontinued in 14 out of 67 patients (21%), due to lack/loss of cutaneous or articular effectiveness (n = 11) or patient decision (n = 2) or adverse event in only one patient who developed active tuberculosis. A lower baseline PASI [hazard ratio (HR): 1.12 (1.02-1.23); P = 0.023] and a more significant reduction in PASI at Week 12 [HR: 1.16 (1.07-1.27); P < 0.001] and Week 52 [HR: 1.47 (1.11-1.96); P = 0.007] was shown to be significantly related with better survival for the entire follow-up period. Fourteen patients were treated during pregnancy and/or lactation without reporting adverse events in either the patient or the newborn. CONCLUSIONS: Certolizumab consistently showed high effectiveness and drug survival rates in this real-life cohort. The safety demonstrated in clinical trials during pregnancy and lactation seems to be confirmed in clinical practice.

Circulating CLA+ T lymphocytes as peripheral cell biomarkers in T-cell-mediated skin diseases.

T lymphocytes expressing the CLA antigen constitute a subset of effector memory lymphocytes that are functionally involved in T-cell-mediated cutaneous diseases. Skin-seeking lymphocytes recirculate between inflamed skin and blood during cutaneous inflammation. Many studies in different T-cell-mediated inflammatory cutaneous diseases have clearly related their pathologic mechanisms to CLA+ T cells. Based on common features of these cells in different cutaneous disorders mediated by T cells, we propose that circulating CLA+T cells could constitute very useful peripheral cellular biomarkers for T-cell-mediated skin diseases.