Use of iron supplement to prevent anemia in children aged six to 59 months attended at the Family Health Strategy (ESF) units in a city in Minas Gerais, Brazil / Uso de suplemento de ferro para prevenção da anemia em crianças de seis a 59 meses atendidas pela Estratégia Saúde da Família de um município de Minas Gerais, Brasil

Abstract Objectives: to evaluate the use of iron supplementation and associated factors in children aged six to 59 months attended at the Family Health Strategy units in a city in Minas Gerais (MG). Methods: a cross-sectional, analytical-exploratory study, carried out with 252 children aged six to 59 months, attended at ten units, between 2014 and 2016. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socioeconomic conditions, maternal health, child's health and the knowledge of those responsible regarding anemia and iron supplementation, in addition to analysis of the child's medical records /booklet to collect test results. Descriptive statistics, bivariate association analysis and logistic regression for multivariate analysis were performed. Results: only 22.6% of the children aged between six and 24 months were receiving iron supplement at the time of the interview. Considering children aged six to 59 months, 13.1% were supplemented and breastfeeding time (p=0.006) and the participation in childcare (p=0.042), were positively associated with the use of supplementation. Conclusion: most children aged six to 24 months were not receiving supplementation as recommended by the Ministry of Health, demonstrating the need to implement prevention programs, such as the National Iron Supplementation Program and training of professionals on the importance of health education in preventing childhood anemia.

Resumo Objetivos: avaliar o uso do suplemento de ferro e fatores associados em crianças de seis a 59 meses atendidas em unidades Estratégia Saúde da Família em município de Minas Gerais (MG). Métodos: estudo transversal, analítico-exploratório, realizado com 252 crianças na faixa etária seis a 59 meses, atendidas em dez unidades, entre 2014 e 2016. Utilizou-se questionário estruturado para coleta de dados sobre condições socioeconômicas, saúde materna, saúde da criança e conhecimentos dos responsáveis acerca da anemia e suplementação com ferro, além de análise do prontuário / caderneta da criança para coleta de resultados de exames. Realizou-se análise estatística descritiva, análise de associação bivariada e regressão logística para análise multivariada. Resultados: apenas 22,6% das crianças com idade entre seis e 24 meses estavam recebendo o suplemento de ferro no momento da entrevista. Considerando as crianças de seis a 59 meses, 13,1% eram suplementadas e o tempo de amamentação (p=0,006) e a participação na puericultura (p=0,042) apresentaram associação com o uso de suplemento. Conclusão: a maioria das crianças de seis a 24 meses não recebia a suplementação, demonstrando a necessidade de implementação dos programas de prevenção, como o Programa Nacional de Suplementação de Ferro e capacitação dos profissionais sobre a importância da educação em saúde para prevenção da anemia infantil.

Stress in dogs during grooming in a pet shop

The objective was to study the stress level in dogs during grooming services in a pet shop. A total of 55 grooming services carried out in a pet shop in the city of Janaúba, MG, were evaluated and divided into four categories according to sex and body weight. The flowchart of the grooming process contained six steps that began with the transportation of dogs to the pet shop and finished with their return to the place of origin. Behavioral, physiological, and blood component evaluations were performed at different steps of the process. Changes in dog behavior and physiological parameters were observed primarily upon arrival at the pet shop and during drying. Employee characteristics also influenced dogs' behaviors. However, dogs were able to thermoregulate and maintain the homeostasis of leukocytes, glucose and cortisol in the blood.(AU)

Physiological parameters of F1 Holstein × Zebu cows fed with banana peel / Parâmetros fisiológicos de vacas F1 Holandês × Zebu alimentadas com inclusão de casca de banana

The objective was to evaluate the effects of different levels of banana peel inclusion on the physiological variables of lactating F1 Holstein × Zebu cows. Ten cows distributed in two 5 × 5 Latin squares were used. Five experimental diets were tested: sorghum silage (control group); and the addition of 15%, 30%, 45%, and 60% of banana peel to replace sorghum silage. The experiment lasted 80 days. The environmental and physiological variables of the animals were measured. The Black Globe-Humidity Index presented an alert situation in the morning shift and a dangerous situation in the afternoon shift. The respiratory rate was not influenced by the levels of banana peel inclusion (P > 0.05) in the morning shift. However, it was influenced (P < 0.05) in the afternoon shift. The levels of banana peel inclusion in the diet did not affect the rectal temperature. Under the study environmental conditions, the level of up to 60% of banana peel replacing sorghum silage did not alter the physiological variables of thermoregulation in F1 Holstein × Zebu cows.

Objetivou-se avaliar níveis de inclusão da casca de banana sobre as variáveis fisiológicas de vacas F1 Holandesas × Zebu em lactação. Foram utilizadas 10 vacas distribuídas em dois quadrados latinos 5×5. Sendo cinco dietas experimentais: silagem de sorgo (grupo controle); e a inserção de 15, 30, 45 e 60% da casca de banana em substituição a silagem de sorgo. O experimento teve duração de 80 dias. Mensuraram-se as variáveis ambientais e fisiológicas dos animais. O índice de temperatura de globo negro e umidade encontrada no turno matutino apresentou uma situação de alerta e no turno vespertino uma situação perigosa. A frequência respiratória foi influenciada pelos níveis de inclusão de casca de banana no turno vespertino. A temperatura retal não foi influenciada pelos níveis de inclusão de casca de banana na dieta. Sob as condições ambientais estudadas, o nível de até 60% de casca de banana, em substituição a silagem de sorgo, não alterou as variáveis fisiológicas de termorregulação em vacas F1 Holandesas × Zebu.

Frequência de consumo de alimentos fonte de ferro entre crianças de 6 a 59 meses atendidas pela Estratégia de Saúde da Família / Frequency of consumption of iron rich foods among children 6 to 59 mon-ths served by the Family Health Strategy

Introdução: A introdução da alimentação complementar de forma adequada e a formação de hábitos alimentares saudáveis são grandes desafios no Brasil, onde muitos alimentos importantes para o desenvolvimento das crianças não lhe são ofertados devido a crenças, tabus e culturas regionais, bem como acesso e disponibilidade. Alguns desses alimentos atuam diretamente na prevenção da anemia ferropriva, como carnes e vísceras, folhas verdes em geral, feijões e gema de ovo. Objetivo: Avaliar a frequência de consumo de alimentos fonte de ferro entre crianças de 6 a 59 meses cadastradas na Estratégia de Saúde da Família. Material e Métodos: Trata-se de estudo transversal realizado com 256 crianças de 6 a 59 meses cadastradas na Estratégia de Saúde da Família de um município no interior do estado de Minas Gerais. Aplicou-se questionário estruturado sobre condições de vida e saúde e frequência alimentar e avaliaram-se dados antropométricos. Utilizaram-se testes de Mann-Whitney e qui-quadrado de Pearson na comparação dos resultados segundo faixa etária da criança, adotando-se p<0,05. Resultados: Os alimentos fonte de ferro mais consumidos foram feijões (79,7%), produtos de padaria (78,9%) e farinhas infantis (29,9%), sendo o consumo dos outros nove alimentos avaliados classificados como raro. Crianças mais velhas apresentaram maior frequência de consumo para vegetais folhosos, carnes vermelhas, aves e ovos, sendo que nas crianças com menos de 24 meses as fórmulas lácteas apresentaram maior frequência, demonstrando introdução tardia dos alimentos fonte de ferro. Conclusão: Foi identificada baixa frequência de consumo dos alimentos fonte de ferro pelas crianças, oportunizando a carência nutricional de ferro, reforçando a importância da orientação da família quanto à diversificação da alimentação da criança de forma a contribuir para a promoção de saúde e prevenção de deficiências como a de ferro.

Introduction: The introduction of adequate complementary feeding and the formation of healthy eating habits are major challenges in Brazil, where many important foods for children's development are not offered to them due to regional beliefs, taboos and cultures; as well as access and availability. Some of these foods act directly in the prevention of iron deficiency anemia, such as meat and offal, green leaves in general; beans and egg yolk. Objective:To evaluate the frequency of consumption of iron source foods among children enrolled in the Family Health Strategy. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 256 children aged 6-59 months enrolled in 10 units of the Family Health Strategies in a city in the state of Minas Gerais. A structured questionnaire was applied and anthropometric evaluation was performed. Mann-Whitney test and Pearson's chi-square test were used to compare the results according to the child's age, adopting p <0.05. Results: The iron source foods most consumed were beans (79.7%), bakery products (78.9%) and flour for children (29.9%), while the other nine foods measured had a rare frequency of consumption. Older children had a higher frequency of consumption for leafy vegetables, red meats, poultry and eggs, while the younger ones (<24 months) higher frequency of consumption for milk formulas, indicating the belated introduction of iron source foods. Conclusion: It has been identified low frequency of consumption of food source of iron for children, providing the risk for nutritional deficiency of iron, reinforcing the importance of family guidance regarding the diversification of the child in order to contribute to the promotion of health and prevention of deficiencies such as iron.

Behavioral and physiological responses of crossbred Holstein-Zebu cows and their interaction with the milker in two milking systems

The aim of this study was to evaluate the behavioral and physiological responses of dairy cows and their interaction with the milker in two types of milking systems. The experiment was conducted in two farms, in the Coração de Jesus city, Brazil, where the surface temperature (TS, °C), rectal temperature (TR, °C), respiratory rate (RR, breaths.min-1) and heart rate (HR, beats.min-1) of 44 crossbred cows during the morning shift on twelve days of data collection at each farm. It was monitored the meteorological variables: the black globe temperature (TGN, °C), air temperature (TAR, °C), relative humidity (RH, %) and wind speed (V, m.s-1). Observations about human behavior, negative patterns (tapping, yelling, and pushing) and positive patterns (talking, groping, and naming) were made without people being aware of their nature. The behavioral data observed in the animals were: vocalization (VOC), defecation (DEF), micturition (MIC) and movement (MOV) and milking time (TOR) was also recorded. The physiological variables were significant among farms, except heart rate. The talking, naming, pushing and shouting actions were not significant, only groping and hitting. The behavior occurrences VOC, MIC, and MOV of cows were low. The TO presented a positive correlation (P <0.01) with TS, TR, and HR and negative correlation (P <0.01) with RR. Under the conditions of this experiment, the type of milking system influenced the physiological responses. The milking system of type "bucket at the bottom" provided greater contact between the milker and the cow, leading to a greater negative interaction reflected by the defecation behavior.(AU)

Behavioral and physiological responses of crossbred Holstein-Zebu cows and their interaction with the milker in two milking systems

The aim of this study was to evaluate the behavioral and physiological responses of dairy cows and their interaction with the milker in two types of milking systems. The experiment was conducted in two farms, in the Coração de Jesus city, Brazil, where the surface temperature (TS, °C), rectal temperature (TR, °C), respiratory rate (RR, breaths.min-1) and heart rate (HR, beats.min-1) of 44 crossbred cows during the morning shift on twelve days of data collection at each farm. It was monitored the meteorological variables: the black globe temperature (TGN, °C), air temperature (TAR, °C), relative humidity (RH, %) and wind speed (V, m.s-1). Observations about human behavior, negative patterns (tapping, yelling, and pushing) and positive patterns (talking, groping, and naming) were made without people being aware of their nature. The behavioral data observed in the animals were: vocalization (VOC), defecation (DEF), micturition (MIC) and movement (MOV) and milking time (TOR) was also recorded. The physiological variables were significant among farms, except heart rate. The talking, naming, pushing and shouting actions were not significant, only groping and hitting. The behavior occurrences VOC, MIC, and MOV of cows were low. The TO presented a positive correlation (P <0.01) with TS, TR, and HR and negative correlation (P <0.01) with RR. Under the conditions of this experiment, the type of milking system influenced the physiological responses. The milking system of type "bucket at the bottom" provided greater contact between the milker and the cow, leading to a greater negative interaction reflected by the defecation behavior.