Nutraceutical Potential of Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) Seed Oil in Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, Obesity and Metabolic Alterations.

Vitis vinifera L. (grapevine) is a perennial plant of the Vitaceae family that is widely used to produce grapes and wines. Grape seed oil is rich in fatty acids such as linoleic acid (65-75%), vitamin E (50 mg), and phytosterols in addition to phenolic compounds, such as catechins (414 mg), epicatechins (130.4 mg), and gallic acid (77 µg), shows promise as a nutritional compound and is outstanding as a therapeutic substance with active properties for health, detected mainly by in vitro studies, as well as some in vivo studies. The benefits of consuming this oil include modulating the expression of antioxidant enzymes, anti-atherosclerotic and anti-inflammatory effects, and protection against oxidative cell damage and some types of cancer. However, experimental findings confirm that therapeutic functions remain scarce; thus, more studies are needed to determine the mechanisms of action involved in the indicated therapeutic qualities.

Effect of Supplementation with Hydroethanolic Extract of Campomanesia xanthocarpa (Berg.) Leaves and Two Isolated Substances from the Extract on Metabolic Parameters of Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet.

There are still controversies regarding the correlation between the beneficial effects for health and the administration of isolated compounds or crude extracts in therapeutic applications. Campomanesia xanthocarpa, found in the Brazilian Cerrado, demonstrated beneficial effects in metabolic disorders associated with obesity. We investigated the effects of Campomanesia xanthocarpa hydroethanolic extract and two isolated substances from the extract (S1 and S2) in a diet-induced obesity (DIO) model. Male Swiss mice were divided into five groups: (1) American Institute of Nutrition (AIN-93M) diet, (2) high-fat diet (HF), (3) HF supplemented with C. xanthocarpa hydroethanolic leaf extract at 100 mg/kg (HFE), (4) HF supplemented with S1 at 1 mg/kg (HFS1) and (5) HF supplemented with S2 at 1 mg/kg (HFS2). The HFS1, HFS2 and HFE groups did not present decreasing body weight or visceral adiposity gain. No differences in glycemic and lipid parameters, or in the expression of protein content in two cytokines, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10), were observed. Only the HFS1 group displayed decreased food intake. Even though substantial effects such as an improvement in obesity features or the metabolic and histological parameters promoted by S1, S2 and the extract were not observed, further investigations are necessary to evaluate the principal genes and protein expressions involved in regulating food behavior promoted by S1.

Medicinal Potential of Garcinia Species and Their Compounds.

Garcinia is a genus of Clusiaceae, distributed throughout tropical Asia, Africa, New Caledonia, Polynesia, and Brazil. Garcinia plants contain a broad range of biologically active metabolites which, in the last few decades, have received considerable attention due to the chemical compositions of their extracts, with compounds which have been shown to have beneficial effects in several diseases. Our work had the objective of reviewing the benefits of five Garcinia species (G. brasiliensis, G. gardneriana, G. pedunculata, G. cambogia, and G. mangstana). These species provide a rich natural source of bioactive compounds with relevant therapeutic properties and anti-inflammatory effects, such as for the treatment of skin disorders, wounds, pain, and infections, having demonstrated antinociceptive, antioxidant, antitumoral, antifungal, anticancer, antihistaminic, antiulcerogenic, antimicrobial, antiviral, vasodilator, hypolipidemic, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, and cardioprotective properties. This demonstrates the relevance of the genus as a rich source of compounds with valuable therapeutic properties, with potential use in the prevention and treatment of nontransmissible chronic diseases.

Campomanesia sp. flour attenuates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease on rats fed with a hypercaloric diet.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a metabolic disorder caused by excess consumption of hypercaloric foods. Guavira (Campomanesia sp.) pulp has broad technological applicability, yet the peel and seeds are considered industrial residue. The objective of this unprecedented study was to evaluate the effects of the flour from guavira's industrial residue (GF) consumption in rats fed with hypercaloric diet (HD). During 65 days, 50 rats were separated into a control group: 1%, 2%, 4% and 8% HD with GF complementation in the diet. The GF chemical composition, phenolic compounds, antioxidant capacity, serum biochemical parameters (glucose, cholesterol, HDL, non-HDL, triglycerides, AST, ALT, and oral glucose tolerance test), fat liver content, and hepatic histomorphology had been characterized. GF is mainly composed of fibres, with phenolic content of 7,391.09 mg AGE/100 g GF and relevant antioxidant capacity (IC50 2.22 and ORAC 155.68 µmol/TE g-1 ). Serum biochemical analysis did not differ statistically (except ALT reduction, p < .05). Fat liver content was smaller on HD2%GF (p < .0001). The control group and 1% GF showed greater diffuse microvesicular steatosis compared to the other groups when using hepatic morphological analysis (p < .05). GF consumption attenuated NAFLD caused by a hypercaloric diet, and this effect may be related to the fibre content and bioactive compounds in GF.

Comparative Analysis of Grape Seed Oil, Linseed Oil, and a Blend: In Vivo Effects of Supplementation.

Grape seeds are rich in bioactive substances, including polyphenols, terpenoids, and phytosterols. Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) boasts a high concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), lignans, phytoestrogens, and soluble fibers, all contributing to its therapeutic potential. In this study, we pioneered the formulation of an oil blend (GL) combining grape seed oil (G) and golden linseed oil (GL) in equal volumes (1:1 (v/v)) and we evaluated in terms of the nutritional, physical, and chemical properties and their influence in an in vivo experimental model. We analyzed the oils by performing physical-chemical analyses, examining the oxidative stability using Rancimat; conducting thermal analyses via thermogravimetry/derivative thermogravimetry (TG/DTG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), performing optical UV-vis absorption analyses; examining the fluorescence emission-excitation matrix, total carotenoids, and color, and conducting metabolic assessments in an in vivo experimental trial. The fatty acid profile presented a higher fraction of linoleic acid (C18:2) in G and GL and alpha-linolenic acid (C18:3) in L. The acidity and peroxide indices were within the recommended ranges. The TG/DTG, DSC, and Rancimat analyses revealed similar behaviors, and the optical analyses revealed color variations caused by carotenoid contents in L and GL. In the in vivo trial, G (G2: 2000 mg/kg/day) promoted lower total consumption, and the blend (GL: 2000 mg/kg/day) group exhibited less weight gain per gram of consumed food. The group with G supplementation (G2: 2000 mg/kg/day) and GL had the highest levels of HDL-c. The group with L supplementation (L2: 2000 mg/kg/day) had the lowest total cholesterol level. The L2, G1 (1000 mg/kg/day), and G2 groups exhibited the lowest MCP-1 and TNF-α values. Additionally, the lowest adipocyte areas occurred in G and GL. Our results suggest that this combination is of high quality for consumption and can influence lipid profiles, markers of inflammation, and antioxidant status.

Effects of Ethanolic and Aqueous Extracts of Garcinia gardneriana Leaves in an In Vivo Experimental Model Induced by a Hyperlipidic Diet.

The study of medicinal plants, such as the genus Garcinia (Clusiaceae), in the treatment of non-communicable chronic diseases has aroused the interest of researchers. However, there are no studies in the literature that have investigated the effects of Garcinia gardneriana in experimental models of obesity for possible metabolic alterations. Swiss mice receiving a high-fat diet were supplemented with aqueous or ethanolic extract of G. gardneriana at doses of 200 or 400 mg/kg/day. It was found that there was a reduction in food consumption in experimental groups compared with the control groups, and the group supplemented with aqueous extract at a dose of 200 mg/kg/daydisplayed a reduction in weight. The results showed an increase in the values of high density lipoprotein (HDL-c), total cholesterol, triglycerides and fasting blood glucose. G. gardneriana did not protect against insulin resistance, and caused in an increase in monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) concentrations and a reduction in interleukin 10 (IL-10). In addition, hepatic steatosis and microvesicular steatosis were indicated. It was revealed that, under the experimental conditions in the study, G. gardneriana did not prevent weight gain or comorbidities; that is, a different behavior was obtained from that described in the literature with regard to the medicinal potential of the Garcinia species, which is probably related to the phytochemical properties.

Linseed, Baru, and Coconut Oils: NMR-Based Metabolomics, Leukocyte Infiltration Potential In Vivo, and Their Oil Characterization. Are There Still Controversies?

Different fatty acid proportions produce potential inflammatory and metabolic changes in organisms. However, the evidence for how each fatty acid mediates the metabolic pathway, and its lipid stability remains controversial. To resolve this controversy, the present study investigated the metabolic effects of cold-pressed linseed (LG), coconut (CG), and baru (BG) oils in comparison to those of soybean oil (SG) in mice, in terms of their oil characterization and stability. The quality analysis showed less oxidative behavior among PUFA-rich oils (SO, BO, and LO, with induction periods lower than 2 h compared to 39.8 h for CG), besides the high contents of tocopherols and carotenoids in SG and LG. In the experimental study, CG presented higher triglyceride (257.93 ± 72.30) and VLDL-cholesterol levels (51.59 ± 14.46, p < 0.05), while LG reduced LDL levels (59.29 ± 7.56, p < 0.05) when compared to SG (183.14 ± 22.06, 36.63 ± 4.41 and 131.63 ± 29.0, respectively). For visceral fats, the adiposity index was lower for BG (7.32 ± 3.13) and CG (9.58 ± 1.02, p < 0.05) in relation to SG (12.53 ± 2.80), and for leukocyte recruitment, CG presented lower polymorphonuclear (PMN) (p < 0.0001) and mononuclear (MN) (p < 0.05) cell infiltration, demonstrating anti-inflammatory potential. In NMR-based metabolomics, although CG presented higher values for the glucose, lactate, and LDL/VLDL ratio, this group also evidenced high levels of choline, a lipotropic metabolite. Our study emphasized the controversies of saturated fatty acids, which impair serum lipids, while alfa-linolenic acid presented cardioprotective effects. However, coconut oil also has a positive immunomodulatory pathway and was found to reduce visceral bodyfat in mice. Therefore, for future applications, we suggest a combination of lauric and al-fa-linolenic acid sources, which are present in coconut and linseed oil, respectively. This combination could be less obesogenic and inflammatory and exert cardioprotective action.

High-Fat Diet with Lyophilized Acrocomia aculeata Pulp Increases High-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol Levels and Inhibits Adipocyte Hypertrophy in Mice.

Obesity is a relevant health hazard characterized as a chronic noncommunicable disease, with severe comorbidities that cause mortality worldwide. Acrocomia aculeata is a Brazilian palm with edible fruits. Its pulp contains fibers, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), such as oleic acid and carotenoids. In this context, our study aimed to elucidate the protective effect of the lyophilized A. aculeata pulp added at the rates of 1%, 2%, and 4% to a high-fat (HF) diet (rich in saturated fats and cholesterol), for 90 days, in mice. The treatment with 4% pulp induced a significant increase in the biochemical parameters of serum cholesterol HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein) compared with the control. According to the evaluation of the epididymal tissue, the groups treated with A. aculeata pulp exhibited smaller fat deposits compared with the HF diet group. Therefore, we infer that the predominant components in A. aculeata, particularly fibers and MUFAs, promote beneficial effects on health parameters during simultaneous exposure to food rich in saturated fat and cholesterol, typical of the Western diet. This is the first study to correlate the presence of fatty acids from A. aculeata pulp in different proportions added in a HF diet with metabolic and histological parameters in Swiss mice.

Therapeutic Effects of Morinda citrifolia Linn. (Noni) Aqueous Fruit Extract on the Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in High-Fat/High-Fructose-Fed Swiss Mice.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects of two different doses (250 and 500 mg/kg) of Morinda citrifolia fruit aqueous extract (AE) in high-fat/high-fructose-fed Swiss mice. The food intake, body weight, serum biochemical, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), as well as histological analyses of the liver, pancreatic, and epididymal adipose tissue, were used to determine the biochemical and histological parameters. The chemical profile of the extract was determined by ultra-fast liquid chromatography-diode array detector-tandem mass spectrometry (UFLC-DAD-MS), and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to evaluate the gene expressions involved in the lipid and glucose metabolism, such as peroxisome proliferative-activated receptors-γ (PPAR-γ), -α (PPAR-α), fatty acid synthase (FAS), glucose-6-phosphatase (G6P), sterol regulatory binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP), and fetuin-A. Seventeen compounds were tentatively identified, including iridoids, noniosides, and the flavonoid rutin. The higher dose of AE (AE 500 mg/kg) was demonstrated to improve the glucose tolerance; however, both doses did not have effects on the other metabolic and histological parameters. AE at 500 mg/kg downregulated the PPAR-γ, SREBP-1c, and fetuin-A mRNA in the liver and upregulated the PPAR-α mRNA in white adipose tissue, suggesting that the hypoglycemic effects could be associated with the expression of genes involved in de novo lipogenesis.

The Effects of Supplementing Hancornia speciosa (Mangaba) on Bowel Motility and Inflammatory Profile of Wistar Rats.

The prevalence of gastrointestinal disorders, such as constipation, has been increasing. Genetic factors and lifestyle are some of the etiologies of this issue, affecting the health of the population. Natural products have properties that contribute to health maintenance and health promotion, including reduction of the inflammatory process. Hancornia speciosa, popularly known as mangaba, is an abundant and native fruit in the Brazilian Cerrado, commercialized for culinary purposes and used because of its pharmacological properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate if the supplementation of different concentrations of mangaba pulp can improve intestinal motility and bowel health in Wistar rats. Forty male rats were divided into five groups. The experiment lasted 14 days and the groups were tested with water, industrialized laxative jelly made from tamarind as medication, or mangaba at 5, 10, and 15 mL/kg of body weight. Food intake, weight gain, ion balance, intestinal motility, and histopathological analysis of the small intestine, large intestine, and liver were evaluated. Supplementation of mangaba pulp at its highest concentration (15 mL/kg body weight) caused a 15% increase in the distance traveled by the charcoal meal, and a decrease in serum magnesium levels and white cells in both the small and large intestines. The results suggest that mangaba pulp presents laxative, anti-inflammatory properties and that its consumption is beneficial and should be encouraged.

Intake of Polydextrose Alters Hematology and the Profile of Short Chain Fatty Acids in Partially Gastrectomized Rats.

Polydextrose (PDX) ingestion may increase the intestinal absorption of iron. This study evaluated the effects of 7.5% polydextrose supplementation on markers of iron uptake, transport and storage in partially gastrectomized rats. Half of a batch of 40 male Wistar rats (250 g) underwent Billroth II partial gastrectomy with anterior truncal vagotomy (GXT), while the other half underwent sham gastrectomy (SHAM). At 7 postoperative days, the animals were subdivided into four groups (n = 10): Sham Control and GXT Control (no polydextrose); Sham PDX and GXT PDX (with 7.5% PDX). The animals were euthanized after 60 day of PDX treatment. Organ weight, cecal pH, the characterization and quantification of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), hematological parameters, hepatic iron content and the expression of ferroportin (FPT) in the jejunum, cecum, colon and liver were evaluated. PDX caused changes in the cecum of the supplemented animals, where there was a decrease in pH, increase in cecal wall and marked production of SCFA, especially acetic and propionic acids (p < 0.05). Hepatic iron levels were lower in GXT animals. PDX increased hemoglobin (HGB) values by 29.2% and hematocrit (HCT) by 55.8% in the GXT PDX group compared to the GXT Control group. The GXT PDX group had lower hepatic FPT expression (p < 0.05). PDX led to increased SCFA concentration in the supplemented animals. Considering that SCFAs play a central role in the increasing nutrients uptake, this mechanism may be involved in altering the hematology profile observed in these animals but not enough to reverse iron deficiency anemia in post-gastrectomy rats.

[Avian habitats as sources of Cryptococcus neoformans in the city of Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil]. / Cativeiro de aves como fonte de Cryptococcus neoformans na cidade de Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil.

Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated yeast agent of human and animal cryptococcosis. The variety neoformans is an important cause of mortality in AIDS-patients throughout the world. It has already been isolated worldwide from different environmental sources, including avian habitats. However, in spite of the occurrence of human cases of cryptococcosis, there are no studies on the ecology of this agent in the Brazilian Central-Western region. To study saprophytic sources of C. neoformans in the city of Campo Grande, 20 samples of avian droppings from distinct environments within the city were collected. The samples were suspended in sterile saline and then smeared on niger seed agar medium. Five days later smooth dark-brown colonies were subcultivated for identification by morphophysiologic tests. The variety and serotype was determined. C. neoformans var. neoformans serotype A was isolated from 10 (50%) of the samples collected. Consequently, the saprophytic presence of C. neoformans is related to avian habitats.

Respostas bioquímicas de ovelhas submetidas a flushing de curto prazo em região subtropical / Biochemical profiles of ewes submitted to short-term nutritional supplementation in subtropical region

Influências exercidas pela nutrição sobre produção animal dão-se por variações no peso e condição corporal, afetando a homeostase, em dietas com altos níveis de energia ou proteínas, cujas modificações causam rápida e imediata alteração em vários agentes metabólicos humorais. Com objetivo de avaliar a influência de cinco diferentes dietas de curto prazo sobre ganho de peso e perfil bioquímico (colesterol total e frações HDL/LDL, triglicerídeos, glicose, ureia, creatinina, proteínas totais, albumina), 70 ovelhas mestiças Santa Inês, aleatoriamente distribuídas em cinco grupos, foram submetidas às dietas, durante sete dias (1- milho, farelo de soja, gordura protegida, silagem de milho; 2 - milho, farelo de soja, silagem de milho; 3 - gordura protegida, silagem de milho; 4 - silagem de milho; 5 - feno de Tifton). Nos dias 0 e 8 (anterior à instituição das dietas e seguinte ao término) pesou-se as ovelhas e colheu-se sangue, visando quantificação do perfil bioquímico. Os dados foram analisados com delineamento experimental de 5x2 por ANOVA de duas vias de medidas repetitivas e pós-teste de Tukey. Não se observaram variações no peso corporal entre grupos de dieta, mas evidenciaram-se diferenças no ganho de peso (g/7 dias) entre grupos (G4 = 1,82±0,23 g versus G1 = 0,21±0,43 g). Colesterol total e LDL-colesterol variaram entre grupos, tendo o G1 apresentado maiores valores. Os demais componentes bioquímicos não tiveram diferenças significativas. Ovelhas submetidas a programa de flushing de curto prazo, responderam com ganho de peso, associado a aumentos em seus níveis de colesterol total e reduções na ureia sérica.

Nutrition influence on animal production is given by changes in weight and body condition, affecting homeostasis, with use of diets with high levels of energy or protein. Changes in the diet cause a rapid and immediate change in various metabolic humoral agents. With the objective to evaluate the influence of five different short-term diets on weight gain and biochemical profile (total cholesterol and fractions HDL/LDL, triglicerydes, glucose, urea, creatinine, total protein, albumin), 70 ewes Santa Inês crossbred, randomly distributed into five groups, were subjected to diets for seven days (1 - corn, soybean meal, protected fat, corn silage, 2 - corn, soybean meal, silage corn, 3 - protected fat, corn silage, 4 -corn silage, 5 - Tifton hay). The days 0 and 8 (before the institution of the diet and after finish) was weighed and blood was obtained from ewes in order to quantify the biochemical profile. Data were analyzed with 5x 2 experimental delineation using two-way ANOVA for repeated measures and Tukey post-test. There were no changes in body weight between diet groups, but became evident variations in weight gain (g / 7 days) between groups (G4 = 1.82 ± 0.23 g versus G1 = 0.21 ± 0.43 g). cholesterolLDL and total cholesterol varied between groups, with the G1 presented the highest values. The other biochemical component shad no statistically significant differences. Ewes subjected to a flushing program, responded with weight gain, associated with increases in their cholesterol levels and reductions in serum urea.

Respostas bioquímicas de ovelhas submetidas a flushing de curto prazo em região subtropical / Biochemical profiles of ewes submitted to short-term nutritional supplementation in subtropical region

Influências exercidas pela nutrição sobre produção animal dão-se por variações no peso e condição corporal, afetando a homeostase, em dietas com altos níveis de energia ou proteínas, cujas modificações causam rápida e imediata alteração em vários agentes metabólicos humorais. Com objetivo de avaliar a influência de cinco diferentes dietas de curto prazo sobre ganho de peso e perfil bioquímico (colesterol total e frações HDL/LDL, triglicerídeos, glicose, ureia, creatinina, proteínas totais, albumina), 70 ovelhas mestiças Santa Inês, aleatoriamente distribuídas em cinco grupos, foram submetidas às dietas, durante sete dias (1- milho, farelo de soja, gordura protegida, silagem de milho; 2 - milho, farelo de soja, silagem de milho; 3 - gordura protegida, silagem de milho; 4 - silagem de milho; 5 - feno de Tifton). Nos dias 0 e 8 (anterior à instituição das dietas e seguinte ao término) pesou-se as ovelhas e colheu-se sangue, visando quantificação do perfil bioquímico. Os dados foram analisados com delineamento experimental de 5x2 por ANOVA de duas vias de medidas repetitivas e pós-teste de Tukey. Não se observaram variações no peso corporal entre grupos de dieta, mas evidenciaram-se diferenças no ganho de peso (g/7 dias) entre grupos (G4 = 1,82±0,23 g versus G1 = 0,21±0,43 g). Colesterol total e LDL-colesterol variaram entre grupos, tendo o G1 apresentado maiores valores. Os demais componentes bioquímicos não tiveram diferenças significativas. Ovelhas submetidas a programa de flushing de curto prazo, responderam com ganho de peso, associado a aumentos em seus níveis de colesterol total e reduções na ureia sérica.(AU)

Nutrition influence on animal production is given by changes in weight and body condition, affecting homeostasis, with use of diets with high levels of energy or protein. Changes in the diet cause a rapid and immediate change in various metabolic humoral agents. With the objective to evaluate the influence of five different short-term diets on weight gain and biochemical profile (total cholesterol and fractions HDL/LDL, triglicerydes, glucose, urea, creatinine, total protein, albumin), 70 ewes Santa Inês crossbred, randomly distributed into five groups, were subjected to diets for seven days (1 - corn, soybean meal, protected fat, corn silage, 2 - corn, soybean meal, silage corn, 3 - protected fat, corn silage, 4 -corn silage, 5 - Tifton hay). The days 0 and 8 (before the institution of the diet and after finish) was weighed and blood was obtained from ewes in order to quantify the biochemical profile. Data were analyzed with 5x 2 experimental delineation using two-way ANOVA for repeated measures and Tukey post-test. There were no changes in body weight between diet groups, but became evident variations in weight gain (g / 7 days) between groups (G4 = 1.82 ± 0.23 g versus G1 = 0.21 ± 0.43 g). cholesterolLDL and total cholesterol varied between groups, with the G1 presented the highest values. The other biochemical component shad no statistically significant differences. Ewes subjected to a flushing program, responded with weight gain, associated with increases in their cholesterol levels and reductions in serum urea.(AU)

Proteínas no sangue de índios Terena de Mato Grosso do Sul - Brasil

A participação dos indígenas brasileiros no espaço socioeconômico mais amplo implica abandono de hábitos originais e mudanças na sua alimentação. Apesar da existência de programas especiais que provêem assistência, a ideia geral que persiste na opinião pública é que essas comunidades são socialmente abandonadas e economicamente desfavorecidas. Proteínas do sangue estão entre os marcadores bioquímicos que permitem uma avaliação objetiva do estado de saúde de um indivíduo. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar as proteínas no sangue de 285 índios Terena saudáveis que habitam o Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. As concentrações no soro de homens e mulheres foram, respectivamente, 7,48 (±0,46) e 7,42 (±0,58) g/dl de proteínas totais e 4,33 g/ dl (±0,36) e 4,17 g/dl (±0,37) de albumina. Conclui-se, do ponto de vista bioquímico, que os índios Terena estudados não mostram nenhuma anormalidade no metabolismo protéico e não podem ser considerados como um grupo subnutrido

Cativeiro de aves como fonte de Cryptococcus neoformans na cidade de Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil / Avian habitats as sources of Cryptococcus neoformans in the city of Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

Cryptococcus neoformans é a levedura capsulada causadora de criptococose em humanos e animais. A variedade neoformans, encontrada em diversas fontes ambientais, inclusive habitats de aves, é importante causa de mortalidade em indivíduos com AIDS em todo o Mundo. Contudo, ainda näo há estudos sobre a sua ecologia na regiäo Centro Oeste brasileira, onde há registro da ocorrência de casos humanos da micose. Para estudar fontes saprofíticas de C. neoformans, na cidade de Campo Grande, foram coletadas 20 amostras de excretas de aves em distintos ambientes. Suspensäo das amostras em salina estéril foram semeadas em placas com meio ágar níger. Após 5 dias, colônias mucóides marrom-escuro foram subcultivadas para identificaçäo através de provas morfofisiológicas, determinaçäo da variedade e sorotipagem. C. neoformans var. neoformans sorotipo A foi isolado de 10 (50 por cento) das amostras, comprovando a ocorrência saprofítica de C. neoformans na cidade de Campo Grande, relacionada a habitat de aves em cativeiro

Cryptococcus neoformans de origem saprofítica na cidade de Campo Grande - MS / Cryptococcus neoformans of saprofítica origin in the city of Campo Grande - MS

Os fungos constituem um complexo, diversificado e maravilhoso reino na natureza, o reino Fungi. Alguns fungos ganham especial importância nos dias atuais, principalmente em pacientes com baixa imunidade celular, seja causada por processos patalógicos ou de origem iatrogênica, induzida pela terapêutica moderna. Dentre estes fungos está o Cryptococcus neoformans, um fungo encapsulado, unibrotante que normalmente se apresenta na forma anamórfica. Existem duas variedades distribuídas em 5 sorotipos, neoformans (sorotipos A, D e AD) que se comporta como patógeno oportunista e gattii (sorotipos B e C) que se comporta como patógeno primário, expressando diferenças bioquímicas, ecológicas, epidemiológicas e genéticas. Com o objetivo de estudar fontes saprobióticas desse fungo na regiäo central na cidade de Campo Grande - MS, foram estudadas 100 árvores vivas,com ocos formados de forma física ou mecânica. Como resultado, em nenhum desses ocos foi observada a presença do C. neoformans, mas outras espécies do gênero foram isolados como o Cryptococcus laurentii e o Cryptococcus humicolus presentes em 13 por cento e 1 por cento respectivamente, além de outras leveduras que utilizam a xilose como fonte de energia. Mundialmente é sabido que o Cryptococcus neoformans variedade neoformans tem íntima relaçäo com fezes de aves, assim, foram analisadas 20 amostras de fezes de aves, sendo 18 amostras de fezes de aves em cativeiro e 2 amostras de raspado de fezes antigas de aves no solo em ambiente aberto. A variedade de neoformans foi encontrada em 10 amostras de fezes de aves em cativeiro. A prevalência da criptococose humana na regiäo é da variedade neoformans , possivelmente relacionadas a fezes de aves. Por outro lado, o fungo utiliza subprodutos de decomposiçäo da lignocelulose e pode estar com densidade baixa nos ocos de árvores vivas, impedindo seu isolamento pela metodologia utilizada. No presente estudo näo foi encontrado, entretanto, foco ambiental do Cryptococcus neoformans variedade gattii.(AU)

Cryptococcus neoformans de origem saprofítica na cidade de Campo Grande - MS / Cryptococcus neoformans of saprofítica origin in the city of Campo Grande - MS

Os fungos constituem um complexo, diversificado e maravilhoso reino na natureza, o reino Fungi. Alguns fungos ganham especial importância nos dias atuais, principalmente em pacientes com baixa imunidade celular, seja causada por processos patalógicos ou de origem iatrogênica, induzida pela terapêutica moderna. Dentre estes fungos está o Cryptococcus neoformans, um fungo encapsulado, unibrotante que normalmente se apresenta na forma anamórfica. Existem duas variedades distribuídas em 5 sorotipos, neoformans (sorotipos A, D e AD) que se comporta como patógeno oportunista e gattii (sorotipos B e C) que se comporta como patógeno primário, expressando diferenças bioquímicas, ecológicas, epidemiológicas e genéticas. Com o objetivo de estudar fontes saprobióticas desse fungo na regiäo central na cidade de Campo Grande - MS, foram estudadas 100 árvores vivas,com ocos formados de forma física ou mecânica. Como resultado, em nenhum desses ocos foi observada a presença do C. neoformans, mas outras espécies do gênero foram isolados como o Cryptococcus laurentii e o Cryptococcus humicolus presentes em 13 por cento e 1 por cento respectivamente, além de outras leveduras que utilizam a xilose como fonte de energia. Mundialmente é sabido que o Cryptococcus neoformans variedade neoformans tem íntima relaçäo com fezes de aves, assim, foram analisadas 20 amostras de fezes de aves, sendo 18 amostras de fezes de aves em cativeiro e 2 amostras de raspado de fezes antigas de aves no solo em ambiente aberto. A variedade de neoformans foi encontrada em 10 amostras de fezes de aves em cativeiro. A prevalência da criptococose humana na regiäo é da variedade neoformans , possivelmente relacionadas a fezes de aves. Por outro lado, o fungo utiliza subprodutos de decomposiçäo da lignocelulose e pode estar com densidade baixa nos ocos de árvores vivas, impedindo seu isolamento pela metodologia utilizada. No presente estudo näo foi encontrado, entretanto, foco ambiental do Cryptococcus neoformans variedade gattii.(AU)