RESUMO
Shift workers support critical 24-hr operations; their health can be impaired by disrupted circadian rhythms and dysfunctional sleep. Shift work sleep disorder (SWSD) is a prevalent condition with significant psychological consequences. Nurse leaders have not yet implemented effective policies to prevent SWSD and optimize shift workers' mental health. The purpose of this integrative review was to examine research about SWSD within the context of neurobiological, sociological, and psychological perspectives that can inform policy changes. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Policy Analytic Framework was used to determine the priority recommendations. A search of three databases provided 19 research articles about SWSD and mental health, which illustrated how SWSD is common around the world in many occupations. Backward-rotating schedules and quick returns were risk factors for SWSD. In addition, SWSD was associated with circadian languidity, sleep reactivity, depressive symptoms, and anxiety. Collectively, the studies lacked objective measures of sleep and circadian rhythms, which has hindered the ability to devise interventions that will target the neurobiological causes of SWSD. The research also lacked attention to important sociological factors, such as workers' pay and benefits. Using these findings, nurse leaders can contribute to public policy reforms that increase funding for more rigorous SWSD research. Lawmakers should be advised by nurse leaders to enforce new regulations that provide incentives for employers to create healthier workplaces, such as prohibiting the overuse of schedules that make employees vulnerable to SWSD and providing funds for interventions to prevent SWSD and support mental health.
Assuntos
Transtornos do Sono do Ritmo Circadiano , Humanos , Saúde Mental , Política PúblicaRESUMO
AIM: We analysed nurses' experiences during military conflicts since World War II. BACKGROUND: Nurses have successfully reduced morbidity and mortality in populations affected by wars; despite centuries of nurses' global involvement in wars, there is limited knowledge about their experiences. METHOD: We used Rodger's evolutionary concept analysis methodology to understand the antecedents, attributes, consequences, context and implications of nurses' war-related experiences. We analysed data from quantitative and qualitative research, media reports, editorials, historical reviews and published accounts of nurses' experiences in many locations, including Afghanistan, Bosnia, Croatia, Korea, Kosovo, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Palestine, Russia, Somalia, Ukraine and Vietnam. FINDINGS: Two antecedent conditions preceded nurses' war involvement: actively responding to human suffering and having resources for readiness. Nurses were defined by five attributes: sacrifice, resourcefulness, tunnel-vision, survival mindset and comradery. We also found evidence for seven consequences; nurses saved lives (reduced morbidity and mortality), however, some nurses faced professional burnout/disillusionment, restricted practice authority, isolation and post-traumatic stress after war. In addition, growth and pacifism were consequences for some nurses who were exposed to war. CONCLUSION: The findings of our concept analysis illustrate how nurses have fulfilled critical life-saving roles, but some nurses' post-war experiences were debilitating, stigmatized and unsupported. We conclude that research about the resourcefulness, innovations and resiliency nurses have developed during wars is essential, and professional support mechanisms must be developed to prevent post-traumatic stress, burnout and attrition from the profession. Governments can use utilize the knowledge nurses developed during wars to expand emergency preparedness skillsets and promote nurses as the leaders of international efforts to promote peace. NO PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: Patients, service users, caregivers and members of the public were not involved in conducting this concept analysis or preparing the manuscript. IMPACT STATEMENT: By understanding nurses' involvement with post-WWII conflicts, we have demonstrated the significant public health contributions, challenges and personal and professional growth experienced by nurses. Nurses' war-related knowledge should be utilized to innovate healthcare practices during disasters and to advise policymakers in developing, implementing and evaluating peace-promoting operations.
Assuntos
Militares , II Guerra Mundial , Humanos , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Atenção à Saúde , Irã (Geográfico)RESUMO
Sleep disturbances are serious issues in individuals with end stage kidney disease because they are associated with worsening kidney function and other negative health outcomes, especially in older adults. Our analysis aimed to provide clinicians with the conceptual clarity required for managing sleep disturbances in older patients who are receiving dialysis. A literature review revealed three attributes that define this population's sleep disturbances: sleep initiation and maintenance difficulties, restless sleep and short sleep, and abnormal breathing during sleep. Con sidering the serious consequences and correlates of sleep disturbances in older patients who are receiving dialysis, tailored interventions are needed to improve their sleep. Our literature review, concept analysis, and case studies provide key information for designing future mechanistic, clinical-translational, and interventional research.
Assuntos
Falência Renal Crônica , Diálise Renal , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília , Idoso , Humanos , Falência Renal Crônica/terapia , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/complicações , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/terapiaRESUMO
The gut microbiota, via the production of metabolites entering the circulation, plays a role in blood pressure regulation. Blood pressure is also affected by the characteristics of sleep. To date, no studies have examined relationships among the gut microbiota/metabolites, blood pressure, and sleep. We hypothesized that fragmented sleep is associated with elevated mean arterial pressure, an altered and dysbiotic gut microbial community, and changes in fecal metabolites. In our model system, rats were randomized to 8 h of sleep fragmentation during the rest phase (light phase) or were undisturbed (controls) for 28 consecutive days. Rats underwent sleep and blood pressure recordings, and fecal samples were analyzed during: baseline (days -4 to -1), early sleep fragmentation (days 0-3), midsleep fragmentation (days 6-13), late sleep fragmentation (days 20-27), and recovery/rest (days 28-34). Less sleep per hour during the sleep fragmentation period was associated with increased mean arterial pressure. Analyses of gut microbial communities and metabolites revealed that putative short chain fatty acid-producing bacteria were differentially abundant between control and intervention animals during mid-/late sleep fragmentation and recovery. Midsleep fragmentation was also characterized by lower alpha diversity, lower Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio, and higher Proteobacteria in intervention rats. Elevated putative succinate-producing bacteria and acetate-producing bacteria were associated with lower and higher mean arterial pressure, respectively, and untargeted metabolomics analysis demonstrates that certain fecal metabolites are significantly correlated with blood pressure. These data reveal associations between sleep fragmentation, mean arterial pressure, and the gut microbiome/fecal metabolome and provide insight to links between disrupted sleep and cardiovascular pathology.
Assuntos
Pressão Sanguínea , Disbiose/microbiologia , Fezes/microbiologia , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Metaboloma , Privação do Sono/metabolismo , Privação do Sono/microbiologia , Acetatos/metabolismo , Animais , Bactérias/genética , Bactérias/metabolismo , Ácidos Graxos Voláteis/metabolismo , Masculino , Metabolômica , RNA Ribossômico 16S , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos WKY , Ácido Succínico/metabolismoRESUMO
Cardiovascular and respiratory parameters change during sleep and wakefulness. This observation underscores an important, albeit incompletely understood, role for the central nervous system in the differential regulation of autonomic functions. Understanding sleep/wake-dependent sympathetic modulations provides insights into diseases involving autonomic dysfunction. The purpose of this review was to define the central nervous system nuclei regulating sleep and cardiovascular function and to identify reciprocal networks that may underlie autonomic symptoms of disorders such as insomnia, sleep apnea, restless leg syndrome, rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, and narcolepsy/cataplexy. In this review, we examine the functional and anatomical significance of hypothalamic, pontine, and medullary networks on sleep, cardiovascular function, and breathing.
Assuntos
Sistema Nervoso Autônomo/fisiologia , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/fisiopatologia , Sono/fisiologia , Vigília/fisiologia , Fenômenos Fisiológicos Cardiovasculares , Sistema Cardiovascular/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Infective endocarditis is a potentially lethal disease that has undergone major changes in both host and pathogen. The epidemiology of infective endocarditis has become more complex with today's myriad healthcare-associated factors that predispose to infection. Moreover, changes in pathogen prevalence, in particular a more common staphylococcal origin, have affected outcomes, which have not improved despite medical and surgical advances. METHODS AND RESULTS: This statement updates the 2005 iteration, both of which were developed by the American Heart Association under the auspices of the Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease, Council on Cardiovascular Disease of the Young. It includes an evidence-based system for diagnostic and treatment recommendations used by the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association for treatment recommendations. CONCLUSIONS: Infective endocarditis is a complex disease, and patients with this disease generally require management by a team of physicians and allied health providers with a variety of areas of expertise. The recommendations provided in this document are intended to assist in the management of this uncommon but potentially deadly infection. The clinical variability and complexity in infective endocarditis, however, dictate that these recommendations be used to support and not supplant decisions in individual patient management.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos/uso terapêutico , Endocardite , Adulto , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacocinética , Anticoagulantes/uso terapêutico , Bacteriemia/complicações , Bacteriemia/diagnóstico , Candidíase/diagnóstico , Candidíase/terapia , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Cardiovascular/normas , Endocardite/complicações , Endocardite/diagnóstico , Endocardite/microbiologia , Endocardite/terapia , Próteses Valvulares Cardíacas/efeitos adversos , Próteses Valvulares Cardíacas/microbiologia , Humanos , Infecções Relacionadas à Prótese/diagnóstico , Infecções Relacionadas à Prótese/microbiologia , Infecções Relacionadas à Prótese/terapia , Cardiopatia Reumática/complicações , Fatores de Risco , Infecções Estafilocócicas/diagnóstico , Infecções Estafilocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Estreptocócicas/diagnóstico , Infecções Estreptocócicas/tratamento farmacológicoAssuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares/enfermagem , Enfermagem Cardiovascular/normas , Cooperação Internacional , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/enfermagem , Doenças Cardiovasculares/diagnóstico , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Sociedades de Enfermagem , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/diagnóstico , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/prevenção & controle , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/terapiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Heart surgery is an effective intervention for managing heart disease, the leading cause of death globally. After surgery, physical activity is key to improving patients' quality of life and decreasing mortality, but patients are frequently physically inactive after heart surgery. OBJECTIVE: This cross-sectional pilot study aimed to examine how psychosocial and sleep factors influenced physical activity in patients after heart surgery. The mediating role of sleep factors between psychosocial factors and physical activity was also examined. METHODS: Thirty-three patients who had undergone heart surgery were recruited. Psychosocial and sleep factors and physical activity were measured using an online survey and a wrist-worn ActiGraph for 7 days and nights. RESULTS: The participants had heart surgery an average of about 7 years previously. They exceeded the recommended 150 minutes per week of moderate-intensity physical activity for Americans; however, 64% of them showed poor sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index >5). Higher anxiety and depressive symptoms, lower self-efficacy, and greater sleep disturbances were associated with lower physical activity. Moreover, self-efficacy, sleep duration, sleep disturbance, sleep efficiency, and wake after sleep onset were predictors for physical activity. No mediating role of sleep factors was observed between psychosocial factors and physical activity. CONCLUSIONS: Psychosocial and sleep factors should be considered when developing and implementing physical activity strategies for patients after heart surgery. Researchers should examine the relationships among the study variables with larger samples of postsurgical cardiac patients during different periods after heart surgery.
Assuntos
Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília , Humanos , Qualidade de Vida , Estudos Transversais , Projetos Piloto , Sono , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/efeitos adversos , Exercício Físico , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/psicologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Maintaining physical activity is challenging after cardiac surgery. Postsurgical cardiac patients often experience sleep problems showing a reciprocal interaction with physical activity. As sleep and physical activity show day-to-day variations, their daily relationships need to be assessed. However, no studies have examined daily sleep-physical activity relationships in postsurgical cardiac patients. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to examine the effects of daily sleep factors on daily physical activity after cardiac surgery. METHODS: Among 33 patients who underwent cardiac surgery at least 10 weeks earlier, 5 sleep and 4 physical activity variables were measured using a wrist-worn ActiGraph for 7 days. Mixed-effects models were applied for data analyses. RESULTS: Most participants were male (57.6 %), non-Hispanic whites (63.6 %) who had coronary artery bypass graft surgery (54.6 %). Participants averaged 60.8 ± 10.1 years of age and 85.7 ± 91.2 months since surgery. They slept for an average of 385.6 ± 74.6 min (6.4 ± 1.2 h). Among sleep factors, greater number of awakenings (NOA) predicted lower next-day sedentary time. Higher sleep efficiency (SE) was associated with lower next-day sedentary time when not controlling for covariates. Among the psychosocial, demographic, and clinical covariates, higher comorbidity index was associated with fewer kcals expended, less daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, and more daily sedentary time. CONCLUSIONS: Daily SE and NOA and individual health status, including comorbidity, should be assessed over time to support improvement of daily physical activity after cardiac surgery. Researchers should examine the relationship between NOA and next-day sedentary time with larger samples. Such research should address multiple psychosocial, demographic, and clinical factors and the potential mediating role of sleep.
Assuntos
Exercício Físico , Sono , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Comportamento Sedentário , Comorbidade , Ponte de Artéria CoronáriaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Leadership development, career advancement, and collaboration among scholars are essential to nurturing nursing research excellence and sustainability. The Midwest Nursing Research Society (MNRS) has incorporated several strategies to advance nursing science and to increase the pool of future nurse leaders. In this article, we describe the process, activities, and outcomes of the Leadership Academy (LA), an innovative initiative from MNRS developed to identify, engage, and nurture future generations of leaders. METHODS: For the LA 2022 to 2023 period, the MNRS leaders selected a cohort of 5 nurse scholars and engaged them in activities to develop, enhance, and advance their leadership skills. By following the LA purposes, the cohort participated in monthly meetings with MNRS leaders, received individual mentoring sessions, assessed strengths and areas for further development, attended seminars, participated in a book club, and implemented a cohort project that focused on the promotion and support of early career scholars. RESULTS: Outcomes showed increased knowledge about organizational governance, direction, and resource development; leadership confidence culminating with leadership positions inside and outside MNRS; career development plans; engagement with board members, and enhanced networking. Moreover, the cohort members planned and executed a well-attended conference special session that engaged a large group of scholars to discuss challenges and opportunities for career development at the MNRS Annual Conference. CONCLUSION: The MNRS LA is a thriving organizational initiative that promotes engagement and leadership skills development thereby increasing the pool of candidates confidently prepared to lead the nursing profession.
Assuntos
Liderança , Pesquisa em Enfermagem , Humanos , Sociedades de Enfermagem , Meio-Oeste dos Estados Unidos , Enfermeiros Administradores/tendências , Mobilidade Ocupacional , Academias e InstitutosRESUMO
Noncommunicable diseases (NCD), such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, are defining healthcare challenges of the 21st century. Medical infrastructure, which for decades sought to reduce the incidence and severity of communicable diseases, has proven insufficient in meeting the intensive, long-term monitoring needs of many NCD disease patient groups. In addition, existing portable devices with rigid electronics are still limited in clinical use due to unreliable data, limited functionality, and lack of continuous measurement ability. Here, a wearable system for at-home cardiovascular monitoring of postpartum women-a group with urgently unmet NCD needs in the United States-using a cloud-integrated soft sternal device with conformal nanomembrane sensors is introduced. A supporting mobile application provides device data to a custom cloud architecture for real-time waveform analytics, including medical device-grade blood pressure prediction via deep learning, and shares the results with both patient and clinician to complete a robust and highly scalable remote monitoring ecosystem. Validated in a month-long clinical study with 20 postpartum Black women, the system demonstrates its ability to remotely monitor existing disease progression, stratify patient risk, and augment clinical decision-making by informing interventions for groups whose healthcare needs otherwise remain unmet in standard clinical practice.
Assuntos
Aplicativos Móveis , Doenças não Transmissíveis , Dispositivos Eletrônicos Vestíveis , Feminino , Humanos , Monitorização FisiológicaRESUMO
AIMS: Excessive alcohol use in the form of binge drinking is associated with many adverse medical outcomes. Using an animal model, the primary objective of this study was to determine the effects of repeated episodes of binge drinking on myocardial structure, blood pressure (BP) and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). The effects of carvedilol, a beta-adrenergic blocker, were also examined in this animal model of binge drinking. METHODS: Rats were randomized into three groups: control, binge and binge + carvedilol (20 mg/kg). Animals received intragastric administration of 5 g ethanol/kg in the morning × 4 days (Monday-Thursday) followed by no ethanol on Friday-Sunday. Animals were maintained on the protocol for 5 weeks. BP was measured using radiotelemetry methods. Animals underwent echocardiography at baseline, 2.5 and 5 weeks. Myocardial MAPKs were analyzed at 5 weeks using western blot techniques. RESULTS: Over the course of 5 weeks, binge drinking was associated with significant transient increases in BP that were greater at 4 and 5 weeks compared with earlier time points. Carvedilol treatment significantly attenuated the binge-induced transient increases in BP at 4 and 5 weeks. No significant changes were found in echocardiographic parameters at any time period; however, binge drinking was associated with increased phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, which was blocked by carvedilol treatment. CONCLUSION: Repeated episodes of binge drinking result in progressive and transient increases in BP, no change in myocardial structure and differential regulation of MAPK activation.
Assuntos
Consumo Excessivo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/enzimologia , Consumo Excessivo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/fisiopatologia , Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Antagonistas Adrenérgicos/farmacologia , Antagonistas Adrenérgicos/uso terapêutico , Animais , Consumo Excessivo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/tratamento farmacológico , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Carbazóis/farmacologia , Carbazóis/uso terapêutico , Carvedilol , Ativação Enzimática/efeitos dos fármacos , Ativação Enzimática/fisiologia , Mucosa Gástrica/efeitos dos fármacos , Mucosa Gástrica/enzimologia , Mucosa Gástrica/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por Mitógeno/antagonistas & inibidores , Projetos Piloto , Propanolaminas/farmacologia , Propanolaminas/uso terapêutico , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Prevenção Secundária , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Critical thinking is an essential nursing competency. Faculty can teach students how to think critically by emphasizing the connections between their philosophy and nursing curricula to ensure that students recognize the cognitive processes they use to make complex decisions. PURPOSE: The purpose of this article is to examine the definitions, history, and utility of philosophical perspectives that inform critical thinking. We explain several approaches: Socratic inquiry, syllogism, schematic cases, and symbolism. METHODS: We conducted a narrative review about educational approaches and their associated philosophies. RESULTS: Philosophical awareness can enhance students' abilities to examine data, communicate ideas, evaluate diverse opinions, understand theories, and apply innovative solutions to problems they will encounter in clinical practice. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical issue dialogues, dramatizations (that link philosophical and practical themes), self-reflection exercises, and case studies (that are less content-laden and more focused on nurses' theories and decision-making processes) represent important and innovative critical thinking skill-building exercises.