Novel hyperthermoacidic archaeal enzymes for removal of thermophilic biofilms from stainless steel.

AIMS: To test the efficacy of novel hot/acid hyperthermoacidic enzyme treatments on the removal of thermophilic spore-forming biofilms from stainless steel surfaces. METHODS AND RESULTS: The present study measured the efficacy of hyperthermoacidic enzymes (protease, amylase, and endoglucanase) that are optimally active at low pH (≈3.0) and high temperatures (≈80°C) at removing thermophilic bacilli biofilms from stainless steel (SS) surfaces. Plate counts, spore counts, impedance microbiology, as well as epifluorescence microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to evaluate the cleaning and sanitation of biofilms grown in a continuous flow biofilm reactor. Previously unavailable hyperthermoacidic amylase, protease, and the combination of amylase and protease were tested on Anoxybacillus flavithermus and Bacillus licheniformis, and endoglucanase was tested on Geobacillus stearothermophilus. In all cases, the heated acidic enzymatic treatments significantly reduced biofilm cells and their sheltering extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). CONCLUSIONS: Hyperthermoacidic enzymes and the associated heated acid conditions are effective at removing biofilms of thermophilic bacteria from SS surfaces that contaminate dairy plants.

Inactivation of Cronobacter sakazakii biofilms using high voltage atmospheric cold plasma on various food-contact surfaces-a preliminary study.

Cronobacter sakazakii is an opportunistic foodborne pathogen in powdered infant formula (PIF) associated with several foodborne outbreaks. Biofilms of C. sakazakii in the PIF manufacturing plant may be a source of contamination, but information on the treatment of these biofilms is limited. This study investigated the inactivation of C. sakazakii biofilms on three food contact surfaces (stainless steel, silicone, and PVC) using high voltage atmospheric cold plasma (HVACP) applied as a dielectric barrier discharge in a 10:90 air: helium modified atmosphere. After the 90 s  of cold plasma exposure at 40 kV, C. sakazakii was reduced by ∼3 log CFU/coupon comparing to without cold plasma treatments. HVACP treatment caused cell shrinkage, fragmentation of the cell membrane, and leakage of cytoplasm. The inactivation of the cells on the surface was confirmed by live/dead staining. These above-mentioned results indicate the antibiofilm efficacy of HVACP on C. sakazakii isolates on various food contact surfaces.

Differential effects of magnesium, calcium, and sodium on Listeria monocytogenes biofilm formation.

Listeria monocytogenes is a gram-positive foodborne pathogen that causes outbreaks of listeriosis associated with a diverse range of foods. L. monocytogenes forms biofilms as a strategy to enhance its survival in the environment. These biofilms then provide a source of contamination in processing plant environments. Cations like magnesium, calcium, and sodium are commonly found in the environment and are important to bacteria to maintain their homeostasis. It is, therefore, valuable to understand the relationship between these cations and biofilm formation. In this study, four isolates of L. monocytogenes from seafood processing environments were used to investigate the influence of magnesium, calcium, and sodium (1, 10, and 50 mM) on biofilms. The isolates selected were defined as being either a low biofilm former, a high biofilm former, an outbreak isolate, and a persistent isolate from the seafood industry. The study showed that the divalent cations magnesium and calcium increased biofilm formation compared with the monovalent cation, sodium. Fifty mM concentrations of the divalent cations significantly enhanced biofilm formation. The cations did not have a significant effect on the initial stages of biofilm formation but appeared to influence the later stages of biofilm development.

Culture and genome-based analysis of four soil Clostridium isolates reveal their potential for antimicrobial production.

BACKGROUND: Soil bacteria are a major source of specialized metabolites including antimicrobial compounds. Yet, one of the most diverse genera of bacteria ubiquitously present in soil, Clostridium, has been largely overlooked in bioactive compound discovery. As Clostridium spp. thrive in extreme environments with their metabolic mechanisms adapted to the harsh conditions, they are likely to synthesize molecules with unknown structures, properties, and functions. Therefore, their potential to synthesize small molecules with biological activities should be of great interest in the search for novel antimicrobial compounds. The current study focused on investigating the antimicrobial potential of four soil Clostridium isolates, FS01, FS2.2 FS03, and FS04, using a genome-led approach, validated by culture-based methods. RESULTS: Conditioned/spent media from all four Clostridium isolates showed varying levels of antimicrobial activity against indicator microorganism; all four isolates significantly inhibited the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. FS01, FS2.2, and FS04 were active against Bacillus mycoides and FS03 reduced the growth of Bacillus cereus. Phylogenetic analysis together with DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH), average nucleotide identity (ANI), and functional genome distribution (FGD) analyses confirmed that FS01, FS2.2, and FS04 belong to the species Paraclostridium bifermentans, Clostridium cadaveris, and Clostridium senegalense respectively, while FS03 may represent a novel species of the genus Clostridium. Bioinformatics analysis using antiSMASH 5.0 predicted the presence of eight biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) encoding for the synthesis of ribosomally synthesized post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) and non-ribosomal peptides (NRPs) in four genomes. All predicted BGCs showed no similarity with any known BGCs suggesting novelty of the molecules from those predicted gene clusters. In addition, the analysis of genomes for putative virulence factors revealed the presence of four putative Clostridium toxin related genes in FS01 and FS2.2 genomes. No genes associated with the main Clostridium toxins were identified in the FS03 and FS04 genomes. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of BGCs encoding for uncharacterized RiPPs and NRPSs in the genomes of antagonistic Clostridium spp. isolated from farm soil indicated their potential to produce novel secondary metabolites. This study serves as a basis for the identification and characterization of potent antimicrobials from these soil Clostridium spp. and expands the current knowledge base, encouraging future research into bioactive compound production in members of the genus Clostridium.

Influence of the incubation temperature and total dissolved solids concentration on the biofilm and spore formation of dairy isolates of Geobacillus stearothermophilus.

Geobacillus species are an important contaminant in the dairy industry and their presence is often considered as an indicator of poor plant hygiene with the potential to cause spoilage. They can form heat resistant spores that adhere to surfaces of processing equipment and germinate to form biofilms. Therefore, strategies aimed towards preventing or controlling biofilm formation in the dairy industry are desirable. In this study we demonstrate that the preferred temperature for biofilm and spore formation among Geobacillus stearothermophilus A1, D1, P3 and ATCC 12980 was 65°C. Increasing the total dissolved milk solids concentration to 20% (w/v) caused an apparent delay in the onset of biofilm and spore formation to detectable concentrations among all the strains at 55°C. Compared to the onset time of the biofilm formation of A1 in 10% (w/v) reconstituted skim milk, addition of milk protein (whey protein and sodium caseinate) caused an apparent delay in the onset of biofilm formation to detectable concentrations by an average of 10 h at 55°C. This study proposes that temperature and total dissolved solids concentration have a cumulative effect on the biofilm and spore formation of G. stearothermophilus A1, D1, P3 and ATCC 12980. In addition, the findings from this study may indicate that preconditioning of stainless-steel surface with adsorbed milk proteins may delay the onset of biofilm and spore formation of thermophilic bacteria during milk powder manufacture.IMPORTANCE The thermophilic bacilli, Geobacillus stearothermophilus is a predominant spoilage bacterium in milk powder manufacturing plants. If their numbers exceed the accepted levels, this may incur financial loses by lowering the price of the end product. Furthermore, they can form heat resistant spores which adhere to processing surfaces and can germinate to form biofilms. Previously conducted research had highlighted the variation in the spore and biofilm formation among three specific strains of G. stearothermophilus isolated from a milk powder manufacturing plant in New Zealand. The significance of our research is demonstrating the effect of two abiotic factors namely temperature and total dissolved solids concentration on the biofilm and spore formation of these three dairy isolates, leading to modifications in the thermal processing steps aimed towards controlling the biofilm and spore formation of G. stearothermophilus in the dairy industry.

Biofilm Formation by Listeria monocytogenes 15G01, a Persistent Isolate from a Seafood-Processing Plant, Is Influenced by Inactivation of Multiple Genes Belonging to Different Functional Groups.

Listeria monocytogenes is a ubiquitous foodborne pathogen that results in a high rate of mortality in sensitive and immunocompromised people. Contamination of food with L. monocytogenes is thought to occur during food processing, most often as a result of the pathogen producing a biofilm that persists in the environment and acting as the source for subsequent dispersal of cells onto food. A survey of seafood-processing plants in New Zealand identified the persistent strain 15G01, which has a high capacity to form biofilms. In this study, a transposon library of L. monocytogenes 15G01 was screened for mutants with altered biofilm formation, assessed by a crystal violet assay, to identify genes involved in biofilm formation. This screen identified 36 transposants that showed a significant change in biofilm formation compared to the wild type. The insertion sites were in 27 genes, 20 of which led to decreased biofilm formation and seven to an increase. Two insertions were in intergenic regions. Annotation of the genes suggested that they are involved in diverse cellular processes, including stress response, autolysis, transporter systems, and cell wall/membrane synthesis. Analysis of the biofilms produced by the transposants using scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy showed notable differences in the structure of the biofilms compared to the wild type. In particular, inactivation of uvrB and mltD produced coccoid-shaped cells and elongated cells in long chains, respectively, and the mgtB mutant produced a unique biofilm with a sandwich structure which was reversed to the wild-type level upon magnesium addition. The mltD transposant was successfully complemented with the wild-type gene, whereas the phenotypes were not or only partially restored for the remaining mutants.IMPORTANCE The major source of contamination of food with Listeria monocytogenes is thought to be due to biofilm formation and/or persistence in food-processing plants. By establishing as a biofilm, L. monocytogenes cells become harder to eradicate due to their increased resistance to environmental threats. Understanding the genes involved in biofilm formation and their influence on biofilm structure will help identify new ways to eliminate harmful biofilms in food processing environments. To date, multiple genes have been identified as being involved in biofilm formation by L. monocytogenes; however, the exact mechanism remains unclear. This study identified four genes associated with biofilm formation by a persistent strain. Extensive microscopic analysis illustrated the effect of the disruption of mgtB, clsA, uvrB, and mltD and the influence of magnesium on the biofilm structure. The results strongly suggest an involvement in biofilm formation for the four genes and provide a basis for further studies to analyze gene regulation to assess the specific role of these biofilm-associated genes.

Community-wide changes reflecting bacterial interspecific interactions in multispecies biofilms.

Existence of most bacterial species, in natural, industrial, and clinical settings in the form of surface-adhered communities or biofilms has been well acknowledged for decades. Research predominantly focusses on single-species biofilms as these are relatively easy to study. However, microbiologists are now interested in studying multispecies biofilms and revealing interspecific interactions in these communities because of the existence of a plethora of different bacterial species together in almost all natural settings. Multispecies biofilms-led emergent properties are triggered by bacterial social interactions which have huge implication for research and practical knowledge useful for the control and manipulation of these microbial communities. Here, we discuss some important bacterial interactions that take place in multispecies biofilm communities and provide insights into community-wide changes that indicate bacterial interactions and elucidate underlying mechanisms.

In silico analysis revealing CsrA roles in motility-sessility switching and tuning VBNC cells in Vibrio parahaemolyticus.

The formation of biofilms is a survival strategy employed by bacteria to help protect them from changing or unfavourable environments. In this research, 319 genes which govern biofilm formation in V. parahaemolyticus, as reported in 1,625 publications, were analysed using protein-protein-interaction (PPI) network analysis. CsrA was identified as a motility-sessility switch and biofilm formation regulator. Through robust rank aggregation (RRA) analysis of GSE65340, the generation of viable but non-culturable (VBNC) cells that may enhance cell tolerance to stress, was found to be associated with the TCA cycle and carbon metabolism biological pathways. The finding that CsrA is likely to play a role in the development of VBNC cells improves understanding of the molecular mechanisms of VBNC formation in V. parahaemolyticus and contributes to on-going efforts to reduce the hazard posed by this foodborne pathogen.

Bacillus cereus spores and toxins - The potential role of biofilms.

Bacillus cereus is a well-known foodborne pathogen capable of causing two types of gastrointestinal diseases, diarrhoea and emesis. It is of particular concern for the food industry causing food safety issues, due to the formation of spores, biofilms and diarrhoea and/or emetic toxins. This review reveals the possible link between two food safety issues - toxins and spores - and the role of biofilms. The review highlights genetic determinants that are involved in sporulation, toxin production and biofilm formation based on current research, and evidence showing the possible correlation of spore, toxin and biofilm formation of B. cereus. This is the first review highlighting the potential relationship between toxin production and biofilm formation in B. cereus.

Magnesium and calcium ions: roles in bacterial cell attachment and biofilm structure maturation.

The ubiquitous divalent cations magnesium and calcium are important nutrients required by bacteria for growth and cell maintenance. Multi-faceted roles are shown both in bacterial initial attachment and biofilm maturation. The effects of calcium and magnesium can be highlighted in physio-chemical interactions, gene regulation and bio-macromolecular structural modification, which lead to either promotion or inhibition of biofilms. This review outlines recent research addressing phenotypic changes and mechanisms undertaken by calcium and magnesium in affecting bacterial biofilm formation.

Molecular regulation of adhesion and biofilm formation in high and low biofilm producers of Bacillus licheniformis using RNA-Seq.

RNA sequencing was used to reveal transcriptional changes during the motile-to-sessile switch in high and low biofilm-forming dairy strains of B. licheniformis isolated from Chinese milk powders. A significant part of the whole gene content was affected during this transition in both strains. In terms of the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database, seven metabolic pathways were significantly downregulated in the planktonic state compared to the biofilm state in both strains. Lipid and sugar metabolism seemed to play an important role in matrix production. Several genes involved in adhesion, matrix production and the matrix coating were either absent or less expressed in the biofilm state of the low biofilm producer compared to the high biofilm producer. Genes related to sporulation and the production of extracellular polymeric substances were concomitantly expressed in the biofilm state of both strains. These comprehensive insights will be helpful for future research into mechanisms and targets.

The potential synergistic behaviour of inter- and intra-genus probiotic combinations in the pattern and rate of short chain fatty acids formation during fibre fermentation.

This study compared the rate of short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production by different probiotic combinations of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium to determine any synergistic effects. Six different fibre fractions were fermented with nine combinations of Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LR), Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA), Bifidobacterium longum (BL) and Bifidobacterium breve (BB) for 0, 6, 24 and 48 h. SCFAs were quantified by gas chromatography. Inter-genus combinations of bacteria produced more SCFA, especially BB + BL + LR, compared to intra-genus that yielded the lowest SCFA production. Acetate was the most abundant, while propionate and butyrate were the most utilised. The SCFA formation was as acetate > propionate > butyrate and the total dietary fibre produced most of the SCFA. Most combinations utilised 60-80% of the fibre; BB + BL + LR digested the fibre completely. The quantity, pattern and the time of release of SCFA depends on the genus, but the combination of pre and probiotics is of great importance for the outcome.

New mechanistic insights into the motile-to-sessile switch in various bacteria with particular emphasis on Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a review.

A biofilm is a complex assemblage of microbial communities adhered to a biotic or an abiotic surface which is embedded within a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances. Many transcriptional regulators play a role in triggering a motile-sessile switch and in consequently producing the biofilm matrix. This review is aimed at highlighting the role of two nucleotide signaling molecules (c-di-GMP and c-di-AMP), toxin antitoxin modules and a novel transcriptional regulator BolA in biofilm formation in various bacteria. In addition, it highlights the common themes that have appeared in recent research regarding the key regulatory components and signal transduction pathways that help Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa to acquire the biofilm mode of life.

Host range and in vitro lysis of Listeria monocytogenes seafood isolates by bacteriophages.

Listeria-infecting bacteriophages (listeriaphages) can be used to control Listeria monocytogenes in the food industry. However, the sensitivity of many of seafood-borne Listeria strains to phages has not been reported. This research investigated the host ranges of three listeriaphages (FWLLm1, FWLLm3 and FWLLm5) by the formation of lytic zones and plaques on host lawns and in vitro lysis kinetics of listeriaphage FWLLm3. The study also predicted the phage titres required to lyse host cells. The host ranges of the phages were determined using 50 L. monocytogenes strains, of which 48 were isolated from the seafood industry and two from clinical cases. Of the 50 strains, 36 were tested at 25 and 30 ℃ and the remainder (14) at 15 and 25 ℃. Based on the formation of either discrete plaques or lytic zones (host kill zones), the host ranges of FWLLm1, FWLLm3 and FWLLm5 were about 87%, 81% and 87%, respectively, at 25 ℃. Six L. monocytogenes strains from the seafood environment were insensitive to all three phages, while the other seafood strains (42) were phage-sensitive. The adsorption rate constant (k value) of listeriaphage FWLLm3 was between 1.2 × 10(-9) and 1.6 × 10(-9 )ml/min across four host strains in tryptic soy broth at 25 ℃. The cultures (at 3-4 log colony-forming unit (CFU/ml) were completely lysed (<1 log CFU/ml) when cultures were infected with FWLLm3 at > 8.7 log phage-forming units (PFU/ml) for 30 min. Re-growth of phage-infected cultures was not detected after 24 h. The effective empirical phage titre was similar to the calculated titre using a kinetic model. Results indicate the potential use of the three phages for controlling L. monocytogenes strains in seafood processing environments.

Exploring Australian Dietitians' knowledge, experience and perspectives of time-restricted eating in private practice: A qualitative study.

Time-restricted eating is a novel nutrition intervention with evidence of beneficial effects on weight loss, blood glucose management, and other metabolic health outcomes. Adherence to time-restricted eating is higher than some traditional nutrition interventions to support individuals living with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, there may be an evidence-practice gap of time-restricted eating in Australian dietetic practice. The present study aimed to explore dietitians' knowledge, experiences, and perspectives of time-restricted eating and timing of eating advice in practice. Semi-structured interviews with 10 private practice dietitians across Australia were conducted. Audio recordings were transcribed and analysed thematically. Six themes were identified: (i) distinction of time-restricted eating to other fasting protocols; (ii) knowledge of health benefits of time-restricted eating; (iii) patient-led advice frequently given: timing of breakfast and dinner; (iv) dietitian-led advice frequently given: eating cut-off time to avoid late night snacking; (v) barriers and facilitators to offering time-restricted eating or timing of eating advice; (vi) timing of eating advice within professional guidelines and resources. These findings suggest the need for development of professional resources and educational development tools for dietitians on time-restricted eating.

The Need to Prioritize Education and Resources to Support Exercise in Type 1 Diabetes: Results of an Australian Survey of Adults With Type 1 Diabetes and Health Providers.

OBJECTIVES: Regular exercise is recommended for people with type 1 diabetes (PWD) to improve their health, but many do not meet recommended exercise targets. Educational resources supporting PWD to exercise exist, but their value is unclear. To determine the need for improved exercise resources in Australia, we surveyed adult PWD and health providers (HPs) about their confidence in managing type 1 diabetes (T1D) around exercise, barriers to exercise, and the adequacy of current resources. METHODS: Australian adult PWD and HPs completed surveys to rate the importance of exercise in T1D management, confidence in managing T1D around exercise, barriers to giving and receiving education, resources used, and what form new resources should take. RESULTS: Responses were received from 128 PWD and 122 HPs. Both groups considered exercise to be important for diabetes management. PWD cited time constraints (57%) and concern about dysglycemia (43%) as barriers to exercise, and many lacked confidence in managing T1D around exercise. HPs were more confident, but experienced barriers to providing advice, and PWD did not tend to rely on this advice. Instead, 72% of PWD found continuous glucose monitoring most helpful. Both groups desired better resources to support exercise in T1D, with PWD preferring to obtain information through a structured education program and HPs through eLearning. CONCLUSIONS: Australian HPs and PWD appreciate the importance of exercise in T1D management and express a clear desire for improved educational resources. Our findings provide a basis for developing a comprehensive package of resources for both adult PWD and HPs, to support exercise in PWD.

Effect of time restricted eating versus current practice in dietetics on glycaemic control and cardio-metabolic outcomes in individuals at risk of developing type 2 diabetes: Protocol for a multi-centre, parallel group, non-inferiority, randomised controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Time restricted eating (TRE) is a dietary strategy that may improve metabolic health. However, no studies have compared TRE with current practice (CP) in dietetics. HYPOTHESIS: TRE will not be inferior to CP to improve glycaemic control in individuals at risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS: This parallel group, randomised, non-inferiority, controlled trial randomised 247 participants by site and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) into TRE or CP (1:1) for 12 months. Participants were aged 35-70 years, with a body mass index (BMI) >25 but <45 kg/m2, and score ≥15 on the Australian type 2 diabetes risk (AUSDRISK) assessment, without a diagnosis of T2D. Study visits were balanced between groups and all participants received five consultations at 0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 months. TRE followed a self-selected 9 h eating window (≥0600 and ≤1900), whereas CP followed Australian dietary guidelines. OUTCOMES: The primary endpoint is the estimate of group mean difference (TRE vs CP) of HbA1c at 4 months in a covariate linear regression adjusting for stratification factors and sex. Secondary efficacy outcomes at 4 and 12 months are changes in fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR and nocturnal glucose by continuous glucose monitor incremental area under the curve and change in HbA1c at 12 months. Other endpoints are exploratory and will not be adjusted for multiplicity. CONCLUSIONS: We will determine whether TRE is an alternate strategy to current practice in dietetics to improve glucose control. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT04762251; 21 Feb 2021.

Preconditioning with cations increases the attachment of Anoxybacillus flavithermus and Geobacillus species to stainless steel.

Preconditioning of Anoxybacillus flavithermus E16 and Geobacillus sp. strain F75 with cations prior to attachment often significantly increased (P ≤ 0.05) the number of viable cells that attached to stainless steel (by up to 1.5 log CFU/cm(2)) compared with unconditioned bacteria. It is proposed that the transition of A. flavithermus and Geobacillus spp. from milk formulations to stainless steel product contact surfaces in milk powder manufacturing plants is mediated predominantly by bacterial physiological factors (e.g., surface-exposed adhesins) rather than the concentrations of cations in milk formulations surrounding bacteria.

Effectiveness of phages in the decontamination of Listeria monocytogenes adhered to clean stainless steel, stainless steel coated with fish protein, and as a biofilm.

Listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne pathogen which causes listeriosis and is difficult to eradicate from seafood processing environments; therefore, more effective control methods need to be developed. This study investigated the effectiveness of three bacteriophages (LiMN4L, LiMN4p and LiMN17), individually or as a three-phage cocktail at ≈9 log10 PFU/ml, in the lysis of three seafood-borne L. monocytogenes strains (19CO9, 19DO3 and 19EO3) adhered to a fish broth layer on stainless steel coupon (FBSSC) and clean stainless steel coupon (SSC), in 7-day biofilm, and dislodged biofilm cells at 15 ± 1 °C. Single phage treatments (LiMN4L, LiMN4p or LiMN17) decreased bacterial cells adhered to FBSSC and SSC by ≈3-4.5 log units. Phage cocktail reduced the cells on both surfaces (≈3.8-4.5 and 4.6-5.4 log10 CFU/cm², respectively), to less than detectable levels after ≈75 min (detection limit = 0.9 log10 CFU/cm²). The phage cocktail at ≈5.8, 6.5 and 7.5 log10 PFU/cm² eliminated Listeria contamination (≈1.5-1.7 log10 CFU/cm²) on SSC in ≈15 min. One-hour phage treatments (LiMN4p, LiMN4L and cocktail) in three consecutive applications resulted in a decrease of 7-day L. monocytogenes biofilms (≈4 log10 CFU/cm²) by ≈2-3 log units. Single phage treatments reduced dislodged biofilm cells of each L. monocytogenes strain by ≈5 log10 CFU/ml in 1 h. The three phages were effective in controlling L. monocytogenes on stainless steel either clean or soiled with fish proteins which is likely to occur in seafood processing environments. Phages were more effective on biofilm cells dislodged from the surface compared with undisturbed biofilm cells. Therefore, for short-term phage treatments of biofilm it should be considered that some disruption of the biofilm cells from the surface prior to phage application will be required.

Complete Genome Sequences of Eight Faecalibacterium sp. Strains Isolated from Healthy Human Stool.

Eight Faecalibacterium sp. strains were isolated from feces of healthy human volunteers. Here, we describe their genome sequences. The genome sizes ranged from 2.78 Mbp to 3.23 Mbp, with an average GC content of 56.6% and encoding 2,795 protein-coding genes on average.