Biogenic silver nanoparticles in the treatment of experimental pythiosis Bio-AgNP in pythiosis therapy.

Pythiosis is a rapidly progressing disease that can be lethal to affected individuals due to resistance to available therapeutic protocols. The disease affects mammals, with the largest number of reports in horses and humans. The present study investigated the activity of biogenic silver nanoparticles (bioAgNP) in the treatment of experimental pythiosis. The disease was reproduced in nine female 90-day-old New Zealand rabbits. Animals were divided into three groups: group1 (control, n = 3) daily and topically treated with a nonionized gel-based formulation and 1 ml of sterile distilled water intralesion administered every 48 hours; group 2 (n = 3), daily and topically treated with gel-based formulation containing 1 µg/ml bio-AgNP; group 3 (n = 3), treated with 1 ml bio-AgNP in 1 µg/ml aqueous solution intralesion administered every 48 hours. Animals were treated for 45 days, and the area of subcutaneous lesions was measured every 5 days. Results showed that groups 2 and 3 differed from control group (P < .05) in the lesion area, as well as the amount of hyphae within the lesions. It was observed that lesions of treated animals (groups 2 and 3) did not differ from each other, showing that the application route did not influence the regression of lesions. However, it was observed that one animal from group 2 reached clinical cure at 35 days of treatment. This research is pioneer in the application of nanocomposites for the treatment of experimental pythiosis and showed that bio-AgNP can be powerful allies of integrative medicine and can be included in pythiosis therapeutic protocols.

Melaleuca alternifolia formulations in the treatment of experimental pythiosis.

Essential oils (EO) are aromatic compounds from the plant secondary metabolism. Melaleuca alternifolia EO is well known for its medicinal properties and promising use as an antimicrobial agent. Pythiosis is a difficult-to-treat and emerging disease caused by the oomycete Pythium insidiosum. This study evaluated a nanoemulsion formulation of M. alternifolia (NEMA) in topical and intralesional application to treat experimental pythiosis. Dermal toxicity tests were performed on M. alternifolia EO in Wistar rats. Pythiosis was reproduced in rabbits (n = 9) that were divided into groups: group 1 (control), cutaneous lesions with daily topical application of a non-ionizable gel-based formulation and intralesional application of sterile distilled water every 48 h; group 2 (topical formulation), lesions treated daily with topical application of a non-ionizable gel-based formulation containing 5 mg/ml of NEMA; and group 3 (intralesional formulation), lesions treated with NEMA at 5 mg/ml in aqueous solution applied intralesionally/48 h. The animals were treated for 45 days, and the subcutaneous lesion areas were measured every 5 days. M. alternifolia EO showed no dermal toxicity. The lesion areas treated with intralesional NEMA reduced at the end of treatment, differing from groups 1 and 2 (P < 0.05). In the topically treated group, the lesion areas did not differ from the control group, although the number of hyphae significantly reduced (P < 0.05). Under the experimental conditions of this study, the NEMA formulations presented a favorable safety profile. However, further studies are required to evaluate if this safety applies to higher concentrations of NEMA and to validate its use in clinical pythiosis.

Bacillus Toyonensis BCT-7112T Spores as Parenteral Adjuvant of BoHV-5 Vaccine in a Murine Model.

Bacterial spores of the genus Bacillus are being evaluated as adjuvant molecules capable of improving the immune response to vaccines. In this study, we investigate whether subcutaneously administered spores of B. toyonensis BCT-7112T could enhance a vaccine immune response in mice. Three groups of mice were subcutaneously vaccinated on day 0 and received a booster on day 21 of the experiment, with the following vaccine formulations: 40 µg of recombinant glycoprotein D (rgD) from bovine herpesvirus type 5 (BoHV-5) adsorbed in 10% aluminum hydroxide (alum) without B. toyonensis spores (group 1) and B. toyonensis (1 × 106 viable spores) + 40 µg of rgD adsorbed in 10% alum (group 2); and B. toyonensis (1 × 106 viable spores) without rgD (group 3). Group 2 showed significantly higher titers (P < 0.05) of total specific serum IgG, IgG2a, and neutralizing antibodies, when compared with the groups 1 and 3. A significantly higher (P < 0.05) transcription level of cytokines IL-4, IL-12, and IFN-γ was observed in splenocytes from mice that received the B. toyonensis spores in the vaccine formulation. In addition, stimulation of the macrophage-like cell line RAW264.7 with spores of B. toyonensis markedly enhanced the cell proliferation and mRNA transcription levels of IL-4, and IL-12 cytokines in these cells. Our findings indicated that the subcutaneous administration of B. toyonensis BCT-7112T spores enhanced the humoral and cellular immune response against BoHV-5 in mice.

La comprensión de los cambios hematológicos a un signo clinico de piometra: estudio de un caso / Understanding hematologic changes in a pyometra frame: study of a case report / Entendendo as alterações hematológicas em um quadro de piometra: estudo de um relato de caso

La presencia de cambios tóxicos en los neutrófilos indica neutropoiese aceleración y se asocia con inflamación severa y bacteriana. El leucograma raramente proporciona informaciones de caráter patognomónico antecedentes de una enfermedad, sin embargo, se sabe que la información en este análisis proporciona subvenciones que ayudan al médico a hacer un diagnóstico. En este sentido, el objetivo de este informe es describir y analizar los cambios hematológicos en uno de los marcos de las más altas tasas de morbilidad y mortalidad en la clínica veterinaria de rutina, caso de piometra , destacando los cambios morfológicos que pueden conducir a la terapia y el pronóstico paciente.(AU)

The presence of toxic changes in neutrophils indicates acceleration neutropoiese and is associated with severe inflammation and bacterial. The WBC rarely pathognomonic provide background information of an illness, however, it is known that the information in this analysis provide subsidies that help the clinician in making a diagnosis. In this sense, the objective of this report was to describe and discuss the hematological changes in one of the frames of the highest rates of morbidity and mortality in routine veterinary clinic, pyometra framework, highlighting the WBC morphological changes that can lead to therapy and prognosis patient.(AU)

A presença de alterações tóxicas em neutrófilos indica aceleração da neutropoiese e está associada a intensos processos inflamatórios e bacterianos. O leucograma raramente fornecerá informações de caráter patognomônico de uma enfermidade, no entanto, sabe-se que as informações contidas nessa análise fornecem subsídios ao clínico que auxiliam na elaboração de diagnóstico. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do presente relato foi descrever e discutir as alterações hematológicas em um dos quadros de maiores índices de morbidade e mortalidade na rotina da clínica veterinária, o quadro de piometra, destacando as alterações morfológicas leucocitárias que podem conduzir a terapêutica e o prognóstico do paciente.(AU)

La comprensión de los cambios hematológicos a un signo clinico de piometra: estudio de un caso / Understanding hematologic changes in a pyometra frame: study of a case report / Entendendo as alterações hematológicas em um quadro de piometra: estudo de um relato de caso

La presencia de cambios tóxicos en los neutrófilos indica neutropoiese aceleración y se asocia con inflamación severa y bacteriana. El leucograma raramente proporciona informaciones de caráter patognomónico antecedentes de una enfermedad, sin embargo, se sabe que la información en este análisis proporciona subvenciones que ayudan al médico a hacer un diagnóstico. En este sentido, el objetivo de este informe es describir y analizar los cambios hematológicos en uno de los marcos de las más altas tasas de morbilidad y mortalidad en la clínica veterinaria de rutina, caso de piometra , destacando los cambios morfológicos que pueden conducir a la terapia y el pronóstico paciente.

The presence of toxic changes in neutrophils indicates acceleration neutropoiese and is associated with severe inflammation and bacterial. The WBC rarely pathognomonic provide background information of an illness, however, it is known that the information in this analysis provide subsidies that help the clinician in making a diagnosis. In this sense, the objective of this report was to describe and discuss the hematological changes in one of the frames of the highest rates of morbidity and mortality in routine veterinary clinic, pyometra framework, highlighting the WBC morphological changes that can lead to therapy and prognosis patient.

A presença de alterações tóxicas em neutrófilos indica aceleração da neutropoiese e está associada a intensos processos inflamatórios e bacterianos. O leucograma raramente fornecerá informações de caráter patognomônico de uma enfermidade, no entanto, sabe-se que as informações contidas nessa análise fornecem subsídios ao clínico que auxiliam na elaboração de diagnóstico. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do presente relato foi descrever e discutir as alterações hematológicas em um dos quadros de maiores índices de morbidade e mortalidade na rotina da clínica veterinária, o quadro de piometra, destacando as alterações morfológicas leucocitárias que podem conduzir a terapêutica e o prognóstico do paciente.