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Tissue stem cells are generated from a population of embryonic progenitors through organ-specific morphogenetic events1,2. Although tissue stem cells are central to organ homeostasis and regeneration, it remains unclear how they are induced during development, mainly because of the lack of markers that exclusively label prospective stem cells. Here we combine marker-independent long-term 3D live imaging and single-cell transcriptomics to capture a dynamic lineage progression and transcriptome changes in the entire epithelium of the mouse hair follicle as it develops. We found that the precursors of different epithelial lineages were aligned in a 2D concentric manner in the basal layer of the hair placode. Each concentric ring acquired unique transcriptomes and extended to form longitudinally aligned, 3D cylindrical compartments. Prospective bulge stem cells were derived from the peripheral ring of the placode basal layer, but not from suprabasal cells (as was previously suggested3). The fate of placode cells is determined by the cell position, rather than by the orientation of cell division. We also identified 13 gene clusters: the ensemble expression dynamics of these clusters drew the entire transcriptional landscape of epithelial lineage diversification, consistent with cell lineage data. Combining these findings with previous work on the development of appendages in insects4,5, we describe the 'telescope model', a generalized model for the development of ectodermal organs in which 2D concentric zones in the placode telescope out to form 3D longitudinally aligned cylindrical compartments.
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Linhagem da Célula , Folículo Piloso/citologia , Células-Tronco/citologia , Animais , Rastreamento de Células , Ectoderma , Embrião de Mamíferos , Células Epiteliais/citologia , Feminino , Citometria de Fluxo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica no Desenvolvimento , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Transgênicos , Família Multigênica , RNA-Seq , Análise de Célula Única , Pele , Técnicas de Cultura de Tecidos , Transcriptoma , VibrissasRESUMO
The hair follicle bulge in the epidermis associates with the arrector pili muscle (APM) that is responsible for piloerection ("goosebumps"). We show that stem cells in the bulge deposit nephronectin into the underlying basement membrane, thus regulating the adhesion of mesenchymal cells expressing the nephronectin receptor, α8ß1 integrin, to the bulge. Nephronectin induces α8 integrin-positive mesenchymal cells to upregulate smooth muscle markers. In nephronectin knockout mice, fewer arrector pili muscles form in the skin, and they attach to the follicle above the bulge, where there is compensatory upregulation of the nephronectin family member EGFL6. Deletion of α8 integrin also abolishes selective APM anchorage to the bulge. Nephronectin is a Wnt target; epidermal ß-catenin activation upregulates epidermal nephronectin and dermal α8 integrin expression. Thus, bulge stem cells, via nephronectin expression, create a smooth muscle cell niche and act as tendon cells for the APM. Our results reveal a functional role for basement membrane heterogeneity in tissue patterning. PAPERCLIP:
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Membrana Basal/citologia , Folículo Piloso/citologia , Células-Tronco/metabolismo , Animais , Membrana Basal/metabolismo , Células Epidérmicas , Epiderme/metabolismo , Proteínas da Matriz Extracelular/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Cadeias alfa de Integrinas/metabolismo , Camundongos , Miócitos de Músculo Liso/citologia , Miócitos de Músculo Liso/metabolismo , Proteínas Wnt/metabolismo , beta Catenina/metabolismoRESUMO
Ectodermal organs, such as hair follicles, originate from simple epithelial and mesenchymal sheets through a complex developmental process driven by interactions between these cell types. This process involves dermal condensation, placode formation, bud morphogenesis, and organogenesis, and all of these processes require intricate interactions among various tissues. Recent research has emphasized the crucial role of reciprocal and dynamic interactions between cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM), referred to as the "dynamic duo", in the development of ectodermal organs. These interactions provide spatially and temporally changing biophysical and biochemical cues within tissues. Using the hair follicle as an example, this review highlights two types of cell-ECM adhesion units-focal adhesion-type and hemidesmosome-type adhesion units-that facilitate communication between epithelial and mesenchymal cells. This review further explores how these adhesion units, along with other cell-ECM interactions, evolve during hair follicle development and regeneration, underscoring their importance in guiding both developmental and regenerative processes.
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INTRODUCTION: Despite being a widely used screening questionnaire, there is no consensus on the most appropriate measurement model for the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Furthermore, there have been limited studies on its measurement invariance across cross-cultural subgroups, genders, and sexual orientations. AIMS: The present study aimed to examine the fit of different measurement models for the AUDIT and its measurement invariance across a wide range of subgroups by country, language, gender, and sexual orientation. METHODS: Responses concerning past-year alcohol use from the participants of the cross-sectional International Sex Survey were considered (N = 62,943; Mage: 32.73; SD = 12.59). Confirmatory factor analysis, as well as measurement invariance tests were performed for 21 countries, 14 languages, three genders, and four sexual-orientation subgroups that met the minimum sample size requirement for inclusion in these analyses. RESULTS: A two-factor model with factors describing 'alcohol use' (items 1-3) and 'alcohol problems' (items 4-10) showed the best model fit across countries, languages, genders, and sexual orientations. For the former two, scalar and latent mean levels of invariance were reached considering different criteria. For gender and sexual orientation, a latent mean level of invariance was reached. CONCLUSIONS: In line with the two-factor model, the calculation of separate alcohol-use and alcohol-problem scores is recommended when using the AUDIT. The high levels of measurement invariance achieved for the AUDIT support its use in cross-cultural research, capable also of meaningful comparisons among genders and sexual orientations.
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Alcoolismo , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Alcoolismo/diagnóstico , Alcoolismo/epidemiologia , Comparação Transcultural , Psicometria , Estudos Transversais , Comportamento Sexual , Inquéritos e Questionários , Análise Fatorial , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
Tissue stem cells are vital for organ homeostasis and regeneration owing to their ability to self-renew and differentiate into the various cell types that constitute organ tissue. These stem cells are formed during complex and dynamic organ development, necessitating spatial-temporal coordination of morphogenetic events and cell fate specification during this process. In recent years, technological advances have enabled the tracing of the cellular dynamics, states, and lineages of individual cells over time in relation to tissue morphological changes. These dynamic data have not only revealed the origin of tissue stem cells in various organs but have also led to an understanding of the molecular, cellular, and biophysical bases of tissue stem cell formation. Herein, we summarize recent findings on the developmental origin of tissue stem cells in the hair follicles, intestines, brain, skeletal muscles, and hematopoietic system, and further discuss how stem cell fate specification is coordinated with tissue topology.
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Células-Tronco , Linhagem da Célula , Diferenciação Celular , Células-Tronco/metabolismo , MorfogêneseRESUMO
Although striatal dopamine neurotransmission is believed to be functionally linked to the formation of the corticostriatal network, there has been little evidence for this regulatory process in the human brain and its disruptions in neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we aimed to investigate associations of striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) and D2 receptor availabilities with gray matter (GM) volumes in healthy humans. Positron emission tomography images of D2 receptor (n = 34) and DAT (n = 17) captured with the specific radioligands [11 C]raclopride and [18 F]FE-PE2I, respectively, were acquired along with T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging data in our previous studies, and were re-analyzed in this work. We quantified the binding potentials (BPND ) of these radioligands in the limbic, executive, and sensorimotor functional subregions of the striatum. Correlations between the radioligand BPND and regional GM volume were then examined by voxel-based morphometry. In line with the functional and anatomical connectivity, [11 C]raclopride BPND in the limbic striatum was positively correlated with volumes of the uncal/parahippocampal gyrus and adjacent temporal areas. Similarly, we found positive correlations between the BPND of this radioligand in the executive striatum and volumes of the prefrontal cortices and their adjacent areas as well as between the BPND in the sensorimotor striatum and volumes of the somatosensory and supplementary motor areas. By contrast, no significant correlation was found between [18 F]FE-PE2I BPND and regional GM volumes. Our results suggest unique structural and functional corticostriatal associations involving D2 receptor in healthy humans, which might be partially independent of the nigrostriatal pathway reflected by striatal DAT.
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Proteínas da Membrana Plasmática de Transporte de Dopamina/metabolismo , Substância Cinzenta/metabolismo , Neostriado/metabolismo , Córtex Pré-Frontal/metabolismo , Receptores de Dopamina D2/metabolismo , Estriado Ventral/metabolismo , Adulto , Substância Cinzenta/diagnóstico por imagem , Substância Cinzenta/patologia , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Neostriado/diagnóstico por imagem , Neostriado/patologia , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons , Córtex Pré-Frontal/diagnóstico por imagem , Córtex Pré-Frontal/patologia , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos/farmacocinética , Estriado Ventral/diagnóstico por imagem , Estriado Ventral/patologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Previous studies have demonstrated that individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit dysfunction in the three attention systems (i.e., alerting, orienting, and executive control) as well as atypical relationships among these systems. Additionally, other studies have reported that individuals with subclinical but high levels of autistic traits show similar attentional tendencies to those observed in ASD. Based on these findings, it was hypothesized that autistic traits would affect the functions and relationships of the three attention systems in a general population. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was performed in 119 healthy adults to investigate relationships between autistic traits and within- and between-system functional connectivity (FC) among the three attention systems. Twenty-six regions of interest that were defined as components of the three attention systems by a previous task-based fMRI study were examined in terms of within- and between-system FC. We assessed autistic traits using the Autism-Spectrum Quotient. RESULTS: Correlational analyses revealed that autistic traits were significantly correlated with between-system FC, but not with within-system FC. CONCLUSIONS: Our results imply that a high autistic trait level, even when subclinical, is associated with the way the three attention systems interact.
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Atenção , Transtorno do Espectro Autista/fisiopatologia , Transtorno do Espectro Autista/psicologia , Adulto , Transtorno do Espectro Autista/diagnóstico por imagem , Mapeamento Encefálico , Feminino , Humanos , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Rede Nervosa/diagnóstico por imagem , Rede Nervosa/fisiopatologia , Vias Neurais/diagnóstico por imagem , Vias Neurais/fisiopatologia , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Over the past decade, multiple stem cell compartments have been identified within the epidermis. These stem cell pools have different transcriptional properties, proliferative modes and anatomical locations, and they maintain distinct epidermal compartments. The importance of this stem cell heterogeneity and compartmentalization has been understood as a key feature in epidermal homeostasis. However, recent studies have revealed that these heterogeneous stem cells themselves act as a niche for neighboring cells, thereby establishing spatially and temporally patterned epidermal-dermal functional units. These studies provide a new perspective for interpreting the biological significance of stem cell heterogeneity and compartmentalization beyond their role in epidermal maintenance.
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Células Epidérmicas/fisiologia , Epiderme/fisiologia , Homeostase/fisiologia , Células-Tronco/fisiologia , Animais , Comunicação Celular/fisiologia , Humanos , Modelos Biológicos , Nicho de Células-TroncoRESUMO
Background: Dopamine D2 receptors are reported to have high-affinity (D2High) and low-affinity (D2Low) states. Although an increased proportion of D2High has been demonstrated in animal models of schizophrenia, few clinical studies have investigated this alteration of D2High in schizophrenia in vivo. Methods: Eleven patients with schizophrenia, including 10 antipsychotic-naive and 1 antipsychotic-free individuals, and 17 healthy controls were investigated. Psychopathology was assessed by Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, and a 5-factor model was used. Two radioligands, [11C]raclopride and [11C]MNPA, were employed to quantify total dopamine D2 receptor and D2High, respectively, in the striatum by measuring their binding potentials. Binding potential values of [11C]raclopride and [11C]MNPA and the binding potential ratio of [11C]MNPA to [11C]raclopride in the striatal subregions were statistically compared between the 2 diagnostic groups using multivariate analysis of covariance controlling for age, gender, and smoking. Correlations between binding potential and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale scores were also examined. Results: Multivariate analysis of covariance demonstrated a significant effect of diagnosis (schizophrenia and control) on the binding potential ratio (P=.018), although the effects of diagnosis on binding potential values obtained with either [11C]raclopride or [11C]MNPA were nonsignificant. Posthoc test showed that the binding potential ratio was significantly higher in the putamen of patients (P=.017). The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale "depressed" factor in patients was positively correlated with binding potential values of both ligands in the caudate. Conclusions: The present study indicates the possibilities of: (1) a higher proportion of D2High in the putamen despite unaltered amounts of total dopamine D2 receptors; and (2) associations between depressive symptoms and amounts of caudate dopamine D2 receptors in patients with schizophrenia.
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Corpo Estriado/metabolismo , Receptores de Dopamina D2/metabolismo , Esquizofrenia/patologia , Adulto , Antipsicóticos/uso terapêutico , Apomorfina/análogos & derivados , Apomorfina/farmacocinética , Mapeamento Encefálico , Corpo Estriado/diagnóstico por imagem , Corpo Estriado/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons , Racloprida/farmacocinética , Ensaio Radioligante , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos/farmacocinética , Esquizofrenia/tratamento farmacológico , Esquizofrenia/metabolismo , Estatística como Assunto , Adulto JovemRESUMO
It has long been recognized that the hair follicle growth cycle and oscillation in the thickness of the underlying adipocyte layer are synchronized. Although factors secreted by adipocytes are known to regulate the hair growth cycle, it is unclear whether the epidermis can regulate adipogenesis. We show that inhibition of epidermal Wnt/ß-catenin signaling reduced adipocyte differentiation in developing and adult mouse dermis. Conversely, ectopic activation of epidermal Wnt signaling promoted adipocyte differentiation and hair growth. When the Wnt pathway was activated in the embryonic epidermis, there was a dramatic and premature increase in adipocytes in the absence of hair follicle formation, demonstrating that Wnt activation, rather than mature hair follicles, is required for adipocyte generation. Epidermal and dermal gene expression profiling identified keratinocyte-derived adipogenic factors that are induced by ß-catenin activation. Wnt/ß-catenin signaling-dependent secreted factors from keratinocytes promoted adipocyte differentiation in vitro, and we identified ligands for the bone morphogenetic protein and insulin pathways as proadipogenic factors. Our results indicate epidermal Wnt/ß-catenin as a critical initiator of a signaling cascade that induces adipogenesis and highlight the role of epidermal Wnt signaling in synchronizing adipocyte differentiation with the hair growth cycle.
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Adipócitos/fisiologia , Diferenciação Celular/fisiologia , Epiderme/fisiologia , Folículo Piloso/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Via de Sinalização Wnt/fisiologia , beta Catenina/metabolismo , Células 3T3-L1 , Animais , Compostos Azo , Análise por Conglomerados , Células Epidérmicas , Citometria de Fluxo , Humanos , Queratinócitos/metabolismo , CamundongosRESUMO
Impaired social cognition is considered a core contributor to unfavorable psychosocial functioning in schizophrenia. Rather than being a unitary process, social cognition is a collection of multifaceted processes that recruit multiple brain structures, thus structural and functional neuroimaging techniques are ideal methodologies for revealing the underlying pathophysiology of impaired social cognition. Many neuroimaging studies have suggested that in addition to white-matter deficits, schizophrenia is associated with decreased gray-matter volume in multiple brain areas, especially fronto-temporal and limbic regions. However, few schizophrenia studies have examined associations between brain abnormalities and social cognitive disabilities. During the last decade, we have investigated structural brain abnormalities in schizophrenia using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging, and our findings have been confirmed by us and others. By assessing different types of social cognitive abilities, structural abnormalities in multiple brain regions have been found to be associated with disabilities in social cognition, such as recognition of facial emotion, theory of mind, and empathy. These structural deficits have also been associated with alexithymia and quality of life in ways that are closely related to the social cognitive disabilities found in schizophrenia. Here, we overview a series of neuroimaging studies from our laboratory that exemplify current research into this topic, and discuss how it can be further tackled using recent advances in neuroimaging technology.
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Encéfalo/patologia , Neuroimagem , Esquizofrenia/patologia , Psicologia do Esquizofrênico , Transtornos Cognitivos/complicações , Transtornos Cognitivos/patologia , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Esquizofrenia/complicações , Comportamento SocialRESUMO
Norepinephrine transporter (NET) plays important roles in the treatment of various neuropsychiatric disorders, such as depression and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Nortriptyline is a NET-selective tricyclic antidepressant (TCAs) that has been widely used for the treatment of depression. Previous positron emission tomography (PET) studies have reported over 80% serotonin transporter occupancy with clinical doses of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), but there has been no report of NET occupancy in patients treated with relatively NET-selective antidepressants. In the present study, we used PET and (S,S)-[18¹8F]FMeNER-D2 to investigate NET occupancies in the thalamus in 10 patients with major depressive disorder taking various doses of nortriptyline, who were considered to be responders to the treatment. Reference data for the calculation of occupancy were derived from age-matched healthy controls. The result showed approximately 50-70% NET occupancies in the brain as a result of the administration of 75-200 mg/d of nortriptyline. The estimated effective dose (ED50) and concentration (EC50) required to induce 50% occupancy was 65.9 mg/d and 79.8 ng/ml, respectively. Furthermore, as the minimum therapeutic level of plasma nortriptyline for the treatment of depression has been reported to be 70 ng/ml, our data indicate that this plasma nortriptyline concentration corresponds to approximately 50% NET occupancy measured with PET, suggesting that more than 50% of central NET occupancy would be appropriate for the nortriptyline treatment of patients with depression.
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Antidepressivos Tricíclicos/farmacocinética , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/tratamento farmacológico , Proteínas da Membrana Plasmática de Transporte de Norepinefrina/metabolismo , Nortriptilina/farmacocinética , Tálamo/metabolismo , Adulto , Antidepressivos Tricíclicos/administração & dosagem , Antidepressivos Tricíclicos/sangue , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Feminino , Radioisótopos de Flúor , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nortriptilina/administração & dosagem , Nortriptilina/sangue , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons , Ligação Proteica , Tálamo/diagnóstico por imagem , Tálamo/efeitos dos fármacos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Psychological resilience is defined as the process and outcome of individuals' successful adaptation to challenging life experiences. The Habenula (Hb) is known to be involved in the stress response; however, the relationship between Hb volume and resilience in humans remains unclear. This study investigated the correlation among resilience, Hb volume, and depressive tendencies in adults. METHODS: Hb volumes were assessed using deep learning techniques applied to 110 healthy participants. Resilience and depression were evaluated using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and Beck Depression Inventory-II, respectively. We examined the relationship between Hb volume and resilience and assessed the mediating effects of resilience on the relationship between Hb volume and depressive tendencies. RESULTS: Correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between resilience and Hb volume (partial r = 0.176, p = 0.001), which was more pronounced in women (partial r = 0.353, p = 0.003). Hb volumes on the left and right sides exhibited significant lateralization (LI = 0.031, 95 % CI = [0.016, 0.046]). Despite Hb asymmetry, lateralization was not significantly associated with resilience. The mediation analysis shows significant indirect effect of resilience on the relationship between Hb volume and depressive tendencies (ß = -0.093, 95%CI = [-0.189, -0.019]). CONCLUSION: This study found that populations with lower resilience have smaller Hb volume. Previous research has shown that Hb volume decreased with the increasing severity of depression symptoms in patients. Our findings support this view and extend it to a population that has not been clinically diagnosed with depression. Additionally, we found that psychological resilience can be predicted by Hb volume and may serve as a mediating factor indirectly affecting depressive tendencies, even in healthy individuals. LIMITATIONS: Due to its cross-sectional design, this study was unable to analyze dynamic changes in Hb volume during the process of resilience adaptation.
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Tissue regeneration and maintenance rely on coordinated stem cell behaviours. This orchestration can be impaired by oncogenic mutations leading to cancer. However, it is largely unclear how oncogenes perturb stem cells' orchestration to disrupt tissue. Here we used intravital imaging to investigate the mechanisms by which oncogenic Kras mutation causes tissue disruption in the hair follicle. Through longitudinally tracking hair follicles in live mice, we found that KrasG12D, a mutation that can lead to squamous cell carcinoma, induces epithelial tissue deformation in a spatiotemporally specific manner, linked with abnormal cell division and migration. Using a reporter mouse capture real-time ERK signal dynamics at the single-cell level, we discovered that KrasG12D, but not a closely related mutation HrasG12V, converts ERK signal in stem cells from pulsatile to sustained. Finally, we demonstrated that interrupting sustained ERK signal reverts KrasG12D-induced tissue deformation through modulating specific features of cell migration and division.
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Movimento Celular , Folículo Piloso , Mutação , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas p21(ras) , Animais , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas p21(ras)/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas p21(ras)/metabolismo , Camundongos , Folículo Piloso/metabolismo , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases/genética , MAP Quinases Reguladas por Sinal Extracelular/metabolismo , MAP Quinases Reguladas por Sinal Extracelular/genética , Camundongos Transgênicos , Células-Tronco/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/metabolismo , Humanos , Feminino , Ativação EnzimáticaRESUMO
Background: Image and Performance-Enhancing Drugs (IPEDs) can enhance mental and physical capabilities and impact one's overall health. Initially confined in sport environments, IPEDs use has become increasingly widespread in a high-performing society. The present study was aimed at profiling IPEDs use during the COVID-19 lockdown among an international sample of young adults. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was carried out in eight countries (United Kingdom, Italy, Lithuania, Hungary, Portugal, Spain, Brazil, and Japan) between April and May 2020. The survey questionnaire included validated measurements such as Exercise Addiction Inventory (EAI), Appearance Anxiety Inventory (AAI), and Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) as well as questions about the type of IPEDs, purchasing methods and socio-demographic information. Results: A total of 736 IPEDs users were included in the survey. Their mean age was 33.05 years (±SD = 10.06), and 64.2% were female participants. Overall, 6.8% were found at risk of exercise addiction (EAI >24), 27.6% presented high levels of appearance anxiety, and 24.9% revealed low levels of emotional regulation's self-compassion. Most participants (55.6%) purchased IPEDs through pharmacies/specialized shops, while 41.3% purchased IPEDs on the Internet. Online IPEDs buyers were mainly men who had higher scores on the Exercise Addiction Inventory. One or more IPEDs classifiable as "potentially risky" were used by 66.3% of the sample. Users of "potentially risky IPEDs" were younger and primarily men. They showed higher scores both on the Exercise Addiction Inventory and Appearance Anxiety Inventory. Conclusion: This study profiled users of IPEDs when the most restrictive COVID-19 lockdown policies were implemented in all the participating countries. More targeted post-COVID 19 prevention strategies should be implemented according to the emerged socio-demographic and psychopathological traits and cross-cultural differences emerged. Longitudinal studies will also be needed to determine the long-term effect of the COVID-19 lockdown on IPEDs consumption.
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COVID-19 , Substâncias para Melhoria do Desempenho , Humanos , Masculino , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Feminino , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto Jovem , Exercício Físico , Comportamento Aditivo/psicologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia , SARS-CoV-2RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: We analyzed adult ADHD symptoms in a cross-cultural context, including investigating the occurrence and potential correlates of adult ADHD and psychometric examination of the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) Screener. METHOD: Our analysis is based on a large-scale research project involving 42 countries (International Sex Survey, N=72,627, 57% women, Mage=32.84; SDage=12.57). RESULTS: The ASRS Screener demonstrated good reliability and validity, along with partial invariance across different languages, countries, and genders. The occurrence of being at risk for adult ADHD was relatively high (21.4% for women, 18.1% for men). The highest scores were obtained in the US, Canada, and other English-speaking Western countries, with significantly lower scores among East Asian and non-English-speaking European countries. Moreover, ADHD symptom severity and occurrence were especially high among gender-diverse individuals. Significant associations between adult ADHD symptoms and age, mental and sexual health, and socioeconomic status were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Present results show significant cross-cultural variability in adult ADHD occurrence as well as highlight important factors related to adult ADHD. Moreover, the importance of further research on adult ADHD in previously understudied populations (non-Western countries) and minority groups (gender-diverse individuals) is stressed. Lastly, the present analysis is consistent with previous evidence showing low specificity of adult ADHD screening instruments and contributes to the current discussion on accurate adult ADHD screening and diagnosis.
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Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade , Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Autorrelato , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/diagnóstico , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/epidemiologia , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Comparação Transcultural , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Depression and anxiety are among the most prevalent mental health issues experienced worldwide. However, whereas cross-cultural studies utilize psychometrically valid and reliable scales, fewer can meaningfully compare these conditions across different groups. To address this gap, the current study aimed to psychometrically assess the Brief Symptomatology Index (BSI) in 42 countries. METHODS: Using data from the International Sex Survey (N = 82,243; Mage = 32.39; SDage = 12.52; women: n = 46,874; 57 %), we examined the reliability of depression and anxiety symptom scores of the BSI-18, as well as evaluated evidence of construct, invariance, and criterion-related validity in predicting clinically relevant variables across countries, languages, genders, and sexual orientations. RESULTS: Results corroborated an invariant, two-factor structure across all groups tested, exhibiting excellent reliability estimates for both subscales. The 'caseness' criterion effectively discriminated among those at low and high risk of depression and anxiety, yielding differential effects on the clinical criteria examined. LIMITATIONS: The predictive validation was not made against a clinical diagnosis, and the full BSI-18 scale was not examined (excluding the somatization sub-dimension), limiting the validation scope of the BSI-18. Finally, the study was conducted online, mainly by advertisements through social media, ultimately skewing our sample towards women, younger, and highly educated populations. CONCLUSIONS: The results support that the BSI-12 is a valid and reliable assessment tool for assessing depression and anxiety symptoms across countries, languages, genders, and sexual orientations. Further, its caseness criterion can discriminate well between participants at high and low risk of depression and anxiety.
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Comparação Transcultural , Depressão , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Adulto , Criança , Depressão/diagnóstico , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Psicometria , Ansiedade/diagnóstico , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Background: The three-item Sexual Distress Scale (SDS-3) has been frequently used to assess distress related to sexuality in public health surveys and research on sexual wellbeing. However, its psychometric properties and measurement invariance across cultural, gender and sexual subgroups have not yet been examined. This multinational study aimed to validate the SDS-3 and test its psychometric properties, including measurement invariance across language, country, gender identity, and sexual orientation groups. Methods: We used global survey data from 82,243 individuals (Mean age=32.39 years; 40.3â¯% men, 57.0â¯% women, 2.8â¯% non-binary, and 0.6â¯% other genders) participating in the International Sexual Survey (ISS; https://internationalsexsurvey.org/) across 42 countries and 26 languages. Participants completed the SDS-3, as well as questions regarding sociodemographic characteristics, including gender identity and sexual orientation. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported a unidimensional factor structure for the SDS-3, and multi-group CFA (MGCFA) suggested that this factor structure was invariant across countries, languages, gender identities, and sexual orientations. Cronbach's α for the unidimensional score was 0.83 (range between 0.76 and 0.89), and McDonald's ω was 0.84 (range between 0.76 and 0.90). Participants who did not experience sexual problems had significantly lower SDS-3 total scores (M = 2.99; SD=2.54) compared to those who reported sexual problems (M = 5.60; SD=3.00), with a large effect size (Cohen's d = 1.01 [95â¯% CI=-1.03, -0.98]; p < 0.001). Conclusion: The SDS-3 has a unidimensional factor structure and appears to be valid and reliable for measuring sexual distress among individuals from different countries, gender identities, and sexual orientations.
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Motivations for pornography use may vary across gender identities, sexual orientations, and geographical regions, warranting examination to promote individual and public health. The aims of this study were to validate the Pornography Use Motivations Scale (PUMS) in a diverse, multicultural sample, and develop a short form (PUMS-8) that can assess a wide range of pornography use motivations. Using data from 42 countries (N = 75,117; Mage = 32.07; SDage = 12.37), enabled us to thoroughly evaluate the dimensionality, validity, and reliability of the Pornography Use Motivations Scale (PUMS), leading to the development of the more concise PUMS-8 short scale. Additionally, language-, nationality-, gender-, and sexual-orientation-based measurement invariance tests were conducted to test the comparability across groups. Both the PUMS and the PUMS-8 assess eight pornography use motivations, and both demonstrated excellent psychometric properties. Sexual Pleasure emerged as the most frequent motivation for pornography use across countries, genders, and sexual orientations, while differences were observed concerning other motivations (e.g. self-exploration was more prevalent among gender-diverse individuals than men or women). The motivational background of pornography use showed high similarity in the examined countries. Both the PUMS and the PUMS-8 are reliable and valid measurement tools to assess different types of motivations for pornography use across countries, genders, and sexual orientations. Both scales are recommended for use in research and clinical settings.
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The UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Model and the various psychometric instruments developed and validated based on this model are well established in clinical and research settings. However, evidence regarding the psychometric validity, reliability, and equivalence across multiple countries of residence, languages, or gender identities, including gender-diverse individuals, is lacking to date. Using data from the International Sex Survey (N = 82,243), confirmatory factor analyses and measurement invariance analyses were performed on the preestablished five-factor structure of the 20-item short version of the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale to examine whether (a) psychometric validity and reliability and (b) psychometric equivalence hold across 34 country-of-residence-related, 22 language-related, and three gender-identity-related groups. The results of the present study extend the latter psychometric instrument's well-established relevance to 26 countries, 13 languages, and three gender identities. Most notably, psychometric validity and reliability were evidenced across nine novel translations included in the present study (i.e., Croatian, English, German, Hebrew, Korean, Macedonian, Polish, Portuguese-Portugal, and Spanish-Latin American) and psychometric equivalence was evidenced across all three gender identities included in the present study (i.e., women, men, and gender-diverse individuals).