Importance of preoperative total colonoscopy and endoscopic resection after self-expandable metallic stent placement for obstructive colorectal cancer as a bridge-to-surgery.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Colonic self-expandable metallic stent (SEMS) placement enables preoperative total colonoscopy (TCS) in patients with obstructive colorectal cancer. Following SEMS placement, it is possible to assess the presence or absence of synchronous proximal colon cancers and perform preoperative endoscopic resection (ER) for neoplastic lesions proximal to the primary lesion. The objective of this study was to determine the usefulness and safety of preoperative TCS and ER after SEMS placement in patients with obstructive colorectal cancer. METHODS: From April 2016 to March 2022, we enrolled 100 patients with obstructive colorectal cancer who underwent SEMS placement, including 86 patients who underwent preoperative TCS after SEMS placement. Complications associated with preoperative TCS and ER after SEMS placement and the characteristics of the neoplastic lesions were assessed. RESULTS: The success rate of SEMS placement as bridge-to-surgery was 98.0%; six patients had associated complications. Preoperative TCS was performed 8 (range: 1-30) days after SEMS placement. Four patients had synchronous advanced cancers. Nine non-advanced synchronous cancers, 116 adenomas, and 18 sessile-serrated lesions were treated by preoperative TCS and ER after SEMS placement. No procedure-related complications, namely stent migration, bleeding, and perforation were observed. Forty-five patients underwent follow-up TCS 1 year after surgery. Only one patient with submucosal invasive cancer required a second surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative TCS and ER after SEMS placement was performed with no complications. This approach allows preoperative evaluation of the entire colon and the treatment of precancerous lesions. (240 words).

Clip stopper closure method using a detachable snare in combination with ZEOCLIP for endoscopic submucosal dissection-induced mucosal defects.

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is globally performed to treat early epithelial tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, but delayed perforation is a problematic procedure-related complication. To address this problem, closure of ESD-induced mucosal defects with a detachable snare has been reported. However, one problem is that this method usually requires some degree of skill and replacing a single-channel scope with a two-channel scope. We developed the clip stopper closure (CSC) method using a detachable snare in combination with the ZEOCLIP, which can be easily performed with a single-channel scope, for ESD-induced mucosal defects. Six consecutive cases were treated with this closure method for colonic ESD-induced mucosal defects. The median closure time was 12.5 (10-24) min, and the success rate of this procedure was 100%. Our CSC method was able to be performed in any part of the colon. In conclusion, the CSC method using a detachable snare in combination with the ZEOCLIP is a simple but promising closure technique for ESD-induced mucosal defects.

[A case of hepatic toxocariasis in a patient with hepatitis B].

A 49-year-old man with chronic hepatitis B receiving treatment with entecavir visited a hospital with a complaint of abdominal pain. Computed tomography (CT) showed 2 liver tumors, each measuring 1cm in diameter, 1 in segment 7 and 1 in segment 4. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a hypervascular tumor in segment 7 that appeared in a site different from that seen on CT. The liver tumor in segment 4 was not detected by MRI. Two months later, MRI showed a new liver tumor in segment 7/6 and that the liver tumor in segment 7 had increased to 2cm in diameter;blood tests showed eosinophilia. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed a high serum Toxocara antibody. The patient was diagnosed as having hepatic toxocariasis and was treated with albendazole for 8 weeks. After treatment, MRI showed that the liver tumors disappeared. Eosinophilia, multiple lesions, and the disappearance of the tumors were characteristic findings of visceral larva migrans.

Gastric cancer presenting with ramucirumab-related gastrocolic fistula successfully managed by colonic stenting: a case report.

We report a rare case of gastric cancer presenting with a gastrocolic fistula during ramucirumab and paclitaxel combination therapy that was successfully managed with colonic stenting. A 75-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with the chief complaint of melena. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed a large ulcerated tumor in the lower stomach, judged by laparoscopy as unresectable (sT4bN1M0). After four cycles of first-line chemotherapy with S-1 plus oxaliplatin, the patient showed disease progression, and second-line therapy with ramucirumab and paclitaxel was started. At the end of the third cycle, the patient had gastric antral stenosis, which necessitated the placement of a gastroduodenal stent. When the patient complained of diarrhea 10 days later, esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed a fistula between the greater curvature of the stomach and the transverse colon. The fistula was covered by double colonic stenting, with a covered metal stent placed within an uncovered metal stent, after which leakage from the stomach to the colon stopped.

Multicentric recurrence of intraductal papillary neoplasm of bile duct after spontaneous detachment of primary tumor: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct (IPNB) rarely recurs in a multicentric manner. We encountered a patient with multiple recurrences of the gastric subtype of IPNB one year after spontaneous detachment of the primary tumor during peroral cholangioscopy (POCS). CASE SUMMARY: A 68-year-old woman on maintenance hemodialysis because of lupus nephritis had several cardiovascular diseases and a pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN). She was referred to our department for dilation of the common bile duct (CBD) and a tumor in the lumen, detected using ultrasonography. She had no complaints, and blood tests of hepatobiliary enzymes were normal. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) showed a papillary tumor in the CBD with a filling defect detected using endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC). Intraductal ultrasonography revealed a papillary tumor and stalk at the CBD. During POCS, the tumor spontaneously detached with its stalk into the CBD. Pathology showed low-intermediate nuclear atypia of the gastric subtype of IPNB. After 1 year, follow-up MRCP showed multiple tumors distributed from the left hepatic duct to the CBD. ERC and POCS showed multicentric tumors. She was alive without hepatobiliary symptoms at least two years after initial diagnosis of IPNB. CONCLUSION: The patient experienced gastric subtype of IPNB without curative resection. Observation may be reasonable for patients with this subtype.