Fabrication and application of carbohydrate microarray for analyzing human serum antibody-carbohydrate interaction.

We introduced a strategy for preparing a carbohydrate microarray and demonstrated its utility for characterizing carbohydrate binding and activities. We isolated the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) components from different bacteria and explored the possibility of immobilizing these glycoconjugates on a high-binding polystyrene plate. Carbohydrate-specific combination was examined by observing the binding of the blood group B analogic LPS O-polysaccharide from Escherichia coli on the high-binding polystyrene plate and anti-B from a broad spectra antibody of human blood serum. Strong binding of antibodies was screened, as it was evident that relative response value is two times higher than control. The hybridization results indicated that this method is a reliable technique for the detection of human intestinal bacteria and is expected to be applied in diagnostics and seroepidemiology.

Saponin â from Shuitianqi () inhibits metastasis by negatively regulating the transforming growth factor-ß1/Smad7 network and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the intrahepatic metastasis Bagg's Albino/c mouse model.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the influence of Saponin I from Shuitianqi (Rhizoma Schizocapasae Plantagineae) (SSPH I) on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metastasis, and to elucidate the underlying mechanism. METHODS: The intrahepatic metastasis Bagg's Albino/c (BALB/c) mouse model was established with human hepatocellular carcinomas (HepG2) cells, then treated with normal saline (once per day), cisplatin (2 mg/kg, once every 2 d), and SSPH Ⅰ (25, 50, and 75 mg/kg, once per day). Then, we assessed alterations in the hepatic pathology and target protein expressions in the intrahepatic metastasis BALB/c mouse model using a series of molecular biology techniques. RESULTS: Based on our analysis, SSPH Ⅰ significantly alleviated hepatocyte necrosis and tumor cells infiltration. Moreover, SSPH Ⅰ suppressed extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation and angiogenesis viaa decrease in matrix etalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-9, CD31, CD34, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels. Furthermore, SSPH Ⅰ repressed invasion and meta-stasis by suppressing the transforming growth factor-ß1 (TGF-ß1)/Smad7 axis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), as evidenced by the scarce TGF-ß1, N-cadherin, and Vimentin expressions, and elevated Smad7 and E-cadherin expressions. CONCLUSION: The SSPH Ⅰ-mediated negative regulation of the TGF-ß1/Smad7 axis and EMT are critical for the inhibition of HCC invasion and metastasis.

Prognostic biomarker CCR6 and its correlation with immune infiltration in cutaneous melanoma.

Background: Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is an aggressive type of skin cancer. Even after standard treatment, the recurrence and malignant progression of CM were almost inevitable. The overall survival (OS) of patients with CM varied widely, making it critical for prognostic prediction. Based on the correlation between CCR6 and melanoma incidence, we aimed to investigate the prognostic role of CCR6 and its relationship with immune infiltration in CM. Methods: We obtained RNA sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to analyze the CM expression. Functional enrichment analyses, immune infiltration analyses, immune checkpoint analyses, and clinicopathology analyses were performed. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to identify independent prognostic factors. A nomogram model had been developed. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and log-rank test were used to estimate the relationship between OS and CCR6 expression. Results: CCR6 was significantly upregulated in CM. Functional enrichment analyses revealed that CCR6 was correlated with immune response. Most immune cells and immune checkpoints were positively correlated with CCR6 expression. Kaplan-Meier analyses showed that high CCR6 expression was associated with a good outcome in CM and its subtypes. Cox regression showed that CCR6 was an independent prognostic factor in patients with CM (HR = 0.550, 95% CI = 0.332-0.912, p<0.05). Conclusions: CCR6 is considered to be a new prognostic biomarker for patients with CM, and our study provides a potential therapeutic target for CM treatment.

Chinese physical fitness standard for campus football players: A pilot study of 765 children aged 9 to 11.

Objectives: In 2022, 55 million Chinese children participate in campus football; however, there is no physical fitness standard, making it a priority task to enhance the current national program. This study aimed to explore a pilot method for the development of a reliable physical fitness standard. Methods: This study examined 765 male football players aged 9 to 11 in 2020 and 2022. The anthropometric and physical fitness assessments were conducted in accordance with the Chinese Football Association's field manuel. Physical fitness tests include sit and reach test, t test, 30 m run test, and vertical jump test. Physical fitness standard was modeled using the generalized additive models for location, scale, and shape (GAMLSS). Data were fitted with appropriate GAMLSS distributions and smoothing term. P-splines were applied to smooth the model's parameters using the default local maximum likelihood method and link functions. Following diagnostics of fitted models, age-specific centile estimations were computed for physical fitness tests. In addition, players in each age group were categorized according to their body mass index as normal weight or overweight/obese. Welch's t-test was utilized to compare the group differences in physical fitness testing. The significance level was chosen at p < 0.05. Results: Sit and reach test, t test, 30 m run test, and vertical jump test data were fitted with original Sinh-Arcsinh, Box-Cox power exponential, Box-Cox power exponential, and Box-Cox Cole and Green, respectively. Physical fitness standard for each age group is presented as tabulated centiles (1p, 3p, 5p, 15p, 25p, 50p, 75p, 85p, 95p, 97p, 99p). Overweight/obese campus football players did significantly worse (p < 0.05) on the t test, 30 m run test, and vertical jump test than their normal-weight peers of the same age. Conclusion: This study developed the first physical fitness standard for 9 to 11-year-old campus football players in China. We made three recommendations to Chinese policymakers on sample size, data management, and field procedure for the creation of a national physical fitness standard.

Nickel-Catalyzed Radical Heck-Type C(sp3)-C(sp2) Coupling Cascades Enabled by Bromoalkane-Directed 1,4-Aryl Shift: Access to Olefinated Arylalanines.

A bromoalkane-directed radical 1,4-aryl shift strategy for nickel-catalyzed reductive Heck-type C(sp3)-C(sp2) coupling cascades of α-amino-ß-bromocarboxylic acid esters with α-trifluoromethyl alkenes for producing gem-difluorinated arylalanines is presented. The α-aminoalkyl radicals generated from neophyl-type aryl migration function as robust coupling partners to allow for further Giese-type addition with electron-deficient α-trifluoromethyl alkenes and vinyl sulfones, thereby realizing a new radical cascade for the simultaneous installation of an aromatic ring and olefin motif into amino acid backbones.

Prolonged Longitudinal Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation Effect on Striatal Functional Connectivity in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder.

BACKGROUND: Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) is effective for treating major depressive disorder (MDD). We aimed to explore the modulating effect of prolonged longitudinal taVNS on the striatal subregions' functional connectivity (FC) in MDD patients. METHODS: Sixteen MDD patients were enrolled and treated with taVNS for 8 weeks. Sixteen healthy control subjects (HCs) were recruited without intervention. The resting-state FC (rsFC) based on striatal subregion seed points and the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) were evaluated in the MDD patients and HCs at baseline and after 8 weeks. A two-way ANCOVA test was performed on each rsFC metric to obtain the (group-by-time) interactions. RESULTS: The rsFC values between the left ventral caudate (vCa) and right ventral prefrontal cortex (vPFC), and between the right nucleus accumbens (NAc) and right dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) are lower in the MDD patients compared to the HCs at baseline, and increase following taVNS; the rsFC values between the left vCa and right, superior occipital gyrus (SOG), and between the left dorsal caudate (dCa) and right cuneus are higher in MDD patients and decrease following taVNS. CONCLUSIONS: Prolonged longitudinal taVNS can modulate the striatum rsFC with the prefrontal cortex, occipital cortex, temporal cortex, and intra-striatum, and these changes partly underlie any symptomatic improvements. The results indicate that prolonged longitudinal taVNS may produce beneficial treatment effects by modulating the cortical striatum circuitry in patients with MDD.

The Effectiveness of Pictorial Aesthetics Based on Multiview Parallel Neural Networks in Art-Oriented Teaching.

How to effectively improve the effectiveness of art teaching has always been one of the hot topics concerned by all sectors of society. Especially, in art teaching, situational interaction helps improve the atmosphere of art class. However, there are few attempts to quantitatively evaluate the aesthetics of ink painting. Ink painting expresses images through ink tone and stroke changes, which is significantly different from photos and paintings in visual characteristics, semantic characteristics, and aesthetic standards. For this reason, this study proposes an adaptive computational aesthetic evaluation framework for ink painting based on situational interaction using deep learning techniques. The framework extracts global and local images as multiple input according to the aesthetic criteria of ink painting and designs a model named MVPD-CNN to extract deep aesthetic features; finally, an adaptive deep aesthetic evaluation model is constructed. The experimental results demonstrate that our model has higher aesthetic evaluation performance compared with baseline, and the extracted deep aesthetic features are significantly better than the traditional manual design features, and its adaptive evaluation results reach a Pearson height of 0.823 compared with the manual aesthetic. In addition, art classroom simulation and interference experiments show that our model is highly resistant to interference and more sensitive to the three painting elements of composition, ink color, and texture in specific compositions.

Biological characteristics of induction-produced polyploid tumor giant cells in ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective:To investigate the morphological and biological characteristics of polyploid tumor giant cells (PGCC) produced by ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 induced by CoCl 2. Methods:Human ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 was induced-cultured with 300 μmol/L CoCl 2 in the simulated hypoxic environment for 36 h, the live cells continued to be conventionally cultured and passaged, and the cells collected 20 days later were PGCC group; SKOV3 cell line cultured conventionally was the control group. The formation process and morphological characteristics of PGCC were observed by inverted microscope. The expression of tumor stem cell markers OCT4 and CD117 were detected by immunocytochemistry. The adipogenic differentiation and osteogenic differentiation potential of PGCC were detected by using human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell adipogenic differentiation assay kit and human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell osteogenic differentiation assay kit.The cell migration ability of PGCC was detected by scratch assay. PGCC group and control group SKOV3 cells were treated with 1 μmol/L paclitaxel, and the cell morphology of the two groups was observed by microscope at 0, 24 and 48 h to detect the resistance of PGCC to chemotherapy drugs. Results:A small amount of PGCC was observed in SKOV3 cell line cultured in conventional medium under the microscope. CoCl 2 can induce SKOV3 cells to form PGCC, which was nearly round in shape and lacked branching. Its volume was 3 times or more than that of SKOV3 cells, and the nuclei were usually megakaryons or multinucleates, PGCC can produce daughter cells by budding. Immunocytochemical staining showed that OCT4 was positive in some PGCC, but no CD117 was positive. Neither OCT4 nor CD117 was expressed in SKOV3 cells. When cultured with lipid-induced differentiation medium of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, the formation of large vacuoles in the cytoplasm of PGCC was observed at the 3rd cycle, and orange-red, round-like lipid droplets were shown by oil red O staining. Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were cultured in osteogenic induction culture medium for 20 days, and alizarin red staining showed that calcium nodules formed significantly in cells of PGCC group compared with the control group. The cell scratch assay results showed that the migration rates of PGCC cultured in serum-free medium [(59±1)%, (66±3)%] were higher than those of the control group [(11±3)%, (14±5)%] at 24 and 48 h after scratch ( t values were 32.20 and 19.55, both P < 0.001). The migration rates of PGCC cultured in 10% serum medium [(92±3)%, (100±0)%] were higher than those of the control group [(20±6)%, (59±9)%] ( t values were 16.19 and 8.00, both P < 0.001). After 1 μmol/L paclitaxel treatment for 48 h, most of the cells in the PGCC group still survived, while most of the SKOV3 cells in the control group died. Conclusions:PGCC produces daughter cells by budding. PGCC has the characteristics of tumor stem cells: it expresses tumor stem cell markers and has the potential for multidirectional differentiation and strong resistance to chemotherapy drugs.

Long-term clipping causes carbohydrate accumulation and induced transition of Alhagi sparsifolia from herbs to shrubs.

A field experiment was conducted on Alhagi sparsifolia Shap. with a long-term clipping history (5-8 years) to investigate the adaptation strategy of A. sparsifolia to long-term clipping. The present study found that long-term clipping can reduce self-shading and increase the photosynthesis rate (Pn) in May. During the whole growth season, clipped plants can maintain a high Pn with less variation, which we denote as a 'stable photosynthesis strategy'. Although Pn in unclipped plants was higher than in the long-term clipping treatment in August, clipped plants accumulated more carbohydrates in shoots. The enhanced amount of carbohydrates could be correlated with the greater amount of lignin synthesis in stems. Therefore, long-term clipping induced the transition of A. sparsifolia from herbs to shrubs. After long-term clipping, plants allocated more resources to plant defence against stress, whereas the ratio of resources allocated to leaf growth decreased. Consequently, photosynthesis in long-term clipped plants decreased in August. In PSII, the energy used for both photochemical quenching and non-photochemical quenching decreased in the clipped plants during the early stage of the growth season. In addition, due to the lower stomatal conductance (gs), clipped plants retained more water in their leaves and suffered less water stress. Thus, clipped plants produced less reactive oxygen species (ROS), which in turn, delayed leaf senescence. Plants also exhibited over-compensatory growth after long-term clipping, but this phenomenon was not caused by the increase in specific leaf area (SLA). The stable photosynthesis strategy helped to extend the lifespan of plants in the growth season and improve their adaptation to light, temperature, and water stress.

A reporter gene assays for bioactivity determination of human chorinonic gonadotropin / 药学学报

This study constructed a LHCGR-CRE-luc-HEK293 transgenic cell line according to the activation of the cAMP signaling pathway after recombinant human chorionic gonadotropin binding to the receptor. The biological activity of recombinant human chorionic gonadotropin was assayed using a luciferase assay system. The relative potency of the samples was calculated using four-parameter model. And the method conditions were optimized to validate the specificity, relative accuracy, precision and linearity of the method. The results showed that there was a quantitative potency relationship of human chorinonic gonadotropin (hCG) in the method and it was in accordance with the four-parameter curve. After optimization, the conditions were determined as hCG dilution concentration of 2.5 μg·mL-1, dilution ratio of 1∶4, cell number of 10 000-15 000 cells/well, and induction time of 6 h. The method had good specificity, relative accuracy with relative bias ranging from -8.9% to 3.4%, linear regression equation correlation coefficient of 0.996, intermediate precision geometric coefficient of variation ranging from 3.3% to 15.0%, and linearity range of 50% to 200%. This study successfully established and validated a reporter gene method to detect hCG biological activity, which can be used for hCG biological activity assay and quality control.

Study on the influence of ROI size for SNR measurement during the test of MR quality control / 中国医学装备

Objective:To explore the influence of region of interest(ROI)size on signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)measurement during the test of magnetic resonance(MR)quality control(QC),so as to provide references for selecting ROI in conducting SNR measurement during MR QC test.Methods:According to the national health industry standard"Specification of image quality test and evaluation for medical magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)equipment"(WS/T 263-2006),this study utilized Magphan SMR170 performance test phantom(abbreviation:SMR170 phantom)to perform QC test on MR equipment after conducted three times tests.The slices of SNR measurement were selected on the obtained QC images,and 41 circular ROIs,which were incremental from 200mm2 to 4200mm2 as 100mm2,were sequentially chosen in the central region of the images on the SNR slices.The SNR was calculated according to formula,and then,the SNR curve that changed with the increasing of ROI size was formed.Finally,the influence of ROI size on SNR was obtained.Results:In conducting the QC test for MRI equipment by SMR170 phantom,the influence of the selected ROI size of central region of image on SNR was significant.The SNR fluctuation could not be really reflected when ROI>1000mm2 because the basically stable SNR leaded to the SNR change could not be timely found.When ROI<1000mm2,the signal means slowly increased with the increasing of ROI size,and the increase amplitude of noise was larger,and the SNR faster decreased and was smaller and smaller with ROI increase,and it tended towards stability at finally.Conclusion:When SMR170 phantom is used to conduct QC test for MR equipment and SNR is measured,it is recommended to select≤1000 mm2 of ROI size of the central region of the images,and to choose the same ROI for each measurement,which can really reflect the SNR change and ensure the result of each measurement has comparability.

Prospective Study of Long-term Effect between Multifidus Muscle Bundle and Conventional Open Approach in One-level Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion.

OBJECTIVE: To compare postoperative imaging results, clinical outcomes and complications between the multifidus muscle bundle (MMB) approach and the conventional open (CO) approach in one-level posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF). METHODS: Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 201 of 351 patients in our hospital were enrolled in this prospective study and underwent MMB-PLIF or CO-PLIF randomly: 111 patients in the MMB-PLIF group and 90 patients in the CO-PLIF group. A total of 100 patients failed to be followed up in the following 7-9 years. Therefore, in this study, 52 patients of the MMB group and 49 patients of the CO group were included. We evaluated the differences in terms of multifidus atrophy rate, intervertebral disc height and segmental lordosis restoration of the operation segment, lumbar lordosis restoration, fusion rate, visual analogue scale (VAS) for back and leg pain, Oswestry disability index (ODI), complication rates, and patient satisfaction rates between the two groups. Correlation between multifidus muscle degeneration and the incidence of complications was investigated, and we compared the multifidus muscle degeneration rate between patients with or without intractable back pain or adjacent segment degeneration. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in age, sex, body mass index (BMI), diagnosis, segments distribution, and mean follow-up time between the MMB-PLIF group and the CO-PLIF group. In addition, no differences regarding sex, age, or BMI were found between the lost follow-up group and the successful follow-up group. In regard to imaging and clinical evaluation, at the final follow-up, there were significant differences in multifidus atrophy rates (27.0% ± 6.8% vs 38.7% ± 10.9%), lumbar lordosis restoration (4.6° ± 2.5° vs 3.0° ± 1.9°), postoperative VAS for back pain (1.1 ± 0.9 vs 1.8 ± 1.2), ODI (7.7 ± 5.0 vs 12.4 ± 6.7), and patient satisfaction rates (86.5% vs 61.2%) between MMB-PLIF and CO-PLIF groups. However, there were no significant differences in segmental lordosis, intervertebral height restoration, postoperative VAS for leg pain or fusion rate between the two groups. In regards to complications, there were significant differences in the incidence of adjacent segment degeneration (3.8% vs 14.3%), intractable back pain (3.8% vs 22.4%), and residual neurological symptoms (5.8% vs 20.4%) between the two groups (P < 0.05) at the final follow-up. In addition, patients with adjacent segment degeneration and intractable back pain were observed with more significant multifidus muscle atrophy than those without these two complications (31.9% ± 1.1% vs 39.6% ± 2.1% and 30.9% ± 1.1% vs 42.8% ± 2.1%). CONCLUSION: Compared with CO-PLIF, MMB-PLIF had advantages in relation to protection of the multifidus muscle, better maintenance of lumbar lordosis, reduced lower back pain and ODI score, fewer complications, and a higher patient satisfaction rate. Protection of the multifidus muscle in lumbar surgery is an important aspect of minimally invasive surgery.

Collaborative study to evaluate a reporter gene assay for recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone bioactivity / 药学学报

The goal of this work was to explore the prospect of standardized application of an in-vitro bioactivity assay for recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone based on a reporter gene. The relative accuracy, intermediate precision, linearity and applicable range of the method were validated according to the General Rules of Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020 edition Volume IV (9401). Three laboratories used this method to determine the in-vitro biological activities of six batches of drug product and three batches of drug substance manufactured by two different companies. The consistency of the potency determined by three laboratories, the intra-laboratory precision and inter-laboratory precision were analyzed. The method was optimized during the collaborative validation. The results of method validation meet the requirements of the General Rules of Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020 edition Volume IV (9401). Aiming to resolve the problems found in the collaborative validation, the medium for cell seeding, the pre-diluted buffer solution of standard and sample, and the means of removing and discarding supernatant after stimulation were optimized. After optimization, there was no significant difference in the bioactivity among the different laboratories (P > 0.05), indicating statistical equivalency. Intra-laboratory and inter-laboratory precision were good and the geometric coefficient of variation (GCV%) were both less than 15%. In conclusion, the reporter gene assay has good intra-laboratory repeatability and inter-laboratory reproducibility and is suitable for analyzing recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone drug product and drug substance by different manufacturers. It is expected to be used as a standardized method for the determination of the in-vitro bioactivity of such products.

Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinases, Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinases, and Interleukins in Vertebral Cartilage Endplate.

OBJECTIVE: Turnover of cartilage endplate extracellular matrix (ECM) may play an important role in disc degeneration and low back pain (LBP). However, the expression pattern of pro-inflammatory factors, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP) in the cartilage endplates (CEP) of intervertebral discs (IVD) is not understood. We aimed to examine the transcriptional levels of MMP, TIMP, and interleukins (IL), and the correlations between them. METHODS: Thirty degenerated cartilage endplate samples from patients with LBP who underwent lumbar fusion surgery were included in the degenerated group. Ten patients without LBP history who underwent lumbar surgery because of vertebral burst fractures were included in the control group. The degenerative severity of the samples was evaluated by MRI, and hematoxylin-eosin and safranin O-fast green (SO-FG) staining. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the mRNA levels of MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-9, MMP-13, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, TIMP-3, IL-1α, IL-1ß, and IL-6. The correlations between the levels of these genes were tested using Spearman's rho test. RESULTS: Hematoxylin-eosin and SO-FG staining confirmed a decrease in cell number and proteoglycans in the degenerated cartilage endplate. MRI showed significant signal changes in degenerated cartilage endplates. Patients in the degenerated group showed a higher rate of endplate Modic changes when compared with the control group. MMP-3, MMP-9, TIMP-3, IL-1α, and IL-1ß were elevated with statistical significance, while MMP-1, MMP-13, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, and IL-6 were changed without statistical significance or remained unchanged. Expression of MMP-3 was positively correlated with IL-1α (Spearman coefficient, 0.486; P < 0.05); expression of TIMP-3 was positively correlated with MMP-9, IL-1α, and IL-1ß (Spearman coefficient, 0.577, 0.407, and 0.571, respectively; P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: MMP-3, MMP-9, TIMP-3, IL-1α, and IL-1ß may play a role in the process of cartilage endplate degeneration. MMP-3 may be regulated by IL-1α, and TIMP-3 might be associated with MMP-9 and regulated by IL-1α and IL-1ß.

Efficacy and safety of laparoscopic surgery in treatment of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Objective:To study the efficacy and safety of laparoscopic surgery in treatment of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods:The clinical data of 58 patients with recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent surgical treatment from January 2010 to January 2018 at Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. There were 50 males and 8 females, ranging in age from 28 to 78 (53.0±10.8) years old. Patients were divided into laparoscopic group ( n=27) and laparotomy group ( n=31) according to different surgical procedures. The differences in operative time, intraoperative blood loss, hospital stay, postoperative anal exhaustion time, postoperative complications and prognosis between the two groups were compared. Results:The intraoperative blood loss of laparoscopy group and laparotomy group were 100.0(50.0, 400.0) ml vs 300.0(100.0, 500.0) ml, the postoperative anal exhaustion time were (2.7±0.6) d vs (3.3±0.6) d, the hospital stay were (14.8±3.8) d vs (21.4±6.3) d, and these differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). The operative time of the two groups were (243.4±27.2) min vs (217.5±34.7) min, with no statistical significance ( t=0.59, P=0.344). There were no significant differences between the two groups in postoperative complications (bile leakage, abdominal infection, hemorrhage, pleural effusion and hepatic encephalopathy) (all P>0.05); thetumor free survival, 1-year, and 3-year overall survival rates of the two groups were also not significantly different (both P>0.05). Conclusion:Laparoscopic surgery is safe and effective in the treatment of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma, and its prognosis is similar to laparotomy, its complications are not significantly increased, which is worthy of promotion in clinic.

A novel bioassay to assess bioactivity of PEG-rhGH using Nb2-11 cells / 药学学报

In this study, we established a novel bioassay to determine the activity of polyethylene glycolated recombinant human growth hormone (PEG-rhGH) using Nb2-11 cells. We performed experimental condition optimization and methodological verification, and then detected the relative potency of PEG-rhGH products using this method. We demonstrated that the bioactivity of PEG-rhGH in promoting Nb2-11 cell proliferation displays a dose-response relationship, which conformed to the four-parameter model. Using PEG-rhGH reference as a control, we analyzed the relative potency of six batches of PEG-rhGH products, as well as linearity, regression and parallelism of the obtained curves. The relative potency of six batches of PEG-rhGH products was 95% to 105%. These results implied that the new bioassay established may be employed in quality control of PEG-rhGH products.

The S1P1 regulator IMMH002 and its therapeutic effect and mechanism on autoimmune hepatitis / 药学学报

This study assessed and explored the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of action of IMMH002 {2-amino-2-(2-(4ʹ-(2-ethyloxazol-4-yl)-[1,1ʹ-biphenyl]-4-yl)ethyl)propane-1,3-dio}, a selective sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor subtype 1 (S1P1) modulator, in a concanavalin A (ConA)-induced autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) mouse model. The experimental protocol strictly adhered to the guidelines of the Ethics Committee for Animal Research of the Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (Approval No.: 00004046). Male ICR mice were pre-treated with the drug for four days, followed by induction of AIH through tail vein injection of ConA protein. Liver function, hepatic tissue pathology, peripheral blood parameters, as well as immunoglobulin G (IgG), inflammatory cytokines, T cell distribution, and inflammatory pathways were evaluated in mice. Results demonstrated that IMMH002 significantly reduced liver function indicators such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alleviated hepatic tissue inflammation and necrotic damage, decreased serum IgG levels, and lowered the expression of inflammatory mediators including interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and interferon γ (IFN-γ). Additionally, it facilitated T lymphocyte homing, downregulated the phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), IκB kinase β (IKKβ) and nuclear factor inhibitor protein-α (IκBα) proteins in hepatic tissue and cellular inflammation models. Collectively, IMMH002 effectively ameliorated ConA-induced autoimmune hepatitis in mice, exhibiting extensive anti-inflammatory and anti-necrotic effects, thereby laying a theoretical foundation for AIH clinical treatment.

Fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis as detection method for carbohydrate-protein interactions.

Fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis (FACE) is a straightforward, sensitive method for determining the presence and relative abundance of individual (oligo)saccharide in a(n) (oligo)saccharide mixture. The single terminal aldehydes of (oligo)saccharides were tagged with the charged fluorophore 8-aminonaphthalene-1,3,6-trisulfonate (ANTS), and separated with high resolution on the basis of size by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. ANTS fluorescence labeling is not biased by (oligo)saccharide length. Therefore, band fluorescence intensity is directly related to the relative abundance of individual (oligo)saccharide moieties in heterogeneous sample. In the same time, it also indicates that FACE can be used to investigate the interactions of carbohydrates and proteins.

The protective effects of sinomenine on organotin-injured liver HL02 cells and its mechanism / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the protective effect of sinomenine(SIN)against dibutyltin(DBT)induced injury in HL02 cells and explore the potential mechanism.Methods HL02 cells were cultured and divided into control,model and SIN-treated groups.Cell proliferation was detected by MTT method.Cell morphology was observed.Cell apoptosis was detected by Acridine orange/ethidium bromide(AO/EB)fluorescent staining and Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining.Meanwhile,intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)concentration was detected by DCFH-DA staining.Mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP)was tested by JC-1 dye.Moreover,the mRNA expression of apoptosis-related proteins was detected by qRT-PCR,and the protein expression of Bcl-2,Bax,caspase-9,cleaved-caspase-3 were measured via Western blot.Results The pretreatment with SIN increased the cell viability and decreased morphological changes induced by DBT in a dose-dependent manner.Meanwhile,cell apoptotic rates and intracellular ROS decreased,and the loss of MMP was partially restored.Compared to DBT-treated group,SIN treatment could increase the mRNA levels of Bcl-2,Bcl-xL and decrease the mRNA levels of Bax,Bad,cytochrome-c,Apaf-1,caspase-9 and caspase-3.Furthermore,SIN could significantly up-regulated the DBT-induced decrease in Bcl-2/Bax ratio,and down-regulated the DBT-induced over-expressions of caspase-9 and cleaved-caspase-3.Conclusions SIN could protect HL02 cells against DBT-induced cell injury,which is related to the inhibition of ROS-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis.