RESUMO
We report a switchable and spacing tunable dual-wavelength spatiotemporal mode-locked (STML) laser based on the multimode interference filtering effect in an all-fiber linear cavity. The dual-wavelength STML operations combined with different pulse patterns are achieved. By adjusting the polarization controllers, the dual-wavelength STML pulses can be switched to single wavelength operation, which is tunable up to 35 nm under certain pump powers. Moreover, the dual-wavelength spacing can also be tuned from 8 nm to 22 nm. The obtained results contribute to understanding and exploring the spatiotemporal characteristics operating in the multi-wavelength regime of STML fiber lasers. All-fiber STML lasers with lasing wavelength tunability and flexibility may have applications in the fields of optical communications and optical measurements.
RESUMO
To provide the basis for the future research on the nephrotoxicity of Chinese herbal medicine through systematic and comprehensive summary of all the Chinese herbal medicines which may lead to nephrotoxicity. Foreign resources included PubMed and Cochrane libraryï¼ and domestic research resources was China Food and Drug Administration(CDFA) Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring Center database. The databases were searched from establishment to January 1ï¼ 2017. There was no limitation on research type. 28 English studies were foundï¼ including 97 Chinese herbs or prescriptions with the risk of nephrotoxicity. The following six Chinese herbal medicines with the risk of nephrotoxicity had a large number of studiesï¼ aristolochic acid(5 studies)ï¼ Tripterygium wilfordii(4 studies)ï¼ Erycibe obtusifolia(2 studies)ï¼ Rheum palmatum(2 studies)ï¼ Ephedra sinica(2 studies)ï¼ and Atractylodes lances(2 studies). The remaining 91 Chinese medicines were reported with risk of nephrotoxicity in only 1 study respectively. CDFA reported 16 Chinese herbal medicines with the risk of nephrotoxicityï¼ including Ganmaoqing Pian(capsule)ï¼ Zhenju Jiangya Pianï¼ T. wilfordii preparationï¼ Vc-Yinqiao Pianï¼ Chuanhuning injectionï¼ Shuanghuanglian injectionï¼ Qingkailing injectionï¼ Lianbizhi injectionï¼ herbal decoction containing Aristolochiae Radixï¼ Guanxin Suhe Wanï¼ Shugan Liqi Wanï¼ Ershiwuwei Songshi Wanï¼ herbal decoction containing Aristolochia Fangchiï¼ herbal granules containing root of Kaempfer Dutchmanspipeï¼ Ganmaotong(tablets)ï¼ and Longdan Xiegan Wan. Currentlyï¼ in addition to aristolochic acidsï¼ the most reported Chinese herbal medicine with the risk of nephrotoxicity is T. wilfordii preparation.
Assuntos
Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/toxicidade , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Tripterygium/toxicidade , Aristolochia/toxicidade , China , Ephedra sinica/toxicidade , HumanosRESUMO
To evaluate the quality of randomized controlled trials(RCT) on nephrotoxicity of Tripterygium wilfordii preparations according to the CONSORT HARMs statement. The report quality of each included study was evaluated according to the CONSORT HARMs statementï¼ and the number of entries that comply with CONSORT HARMs statement was calculated in each study to evaluate the report quality on nephrotoxicity-related adverse reactions of T. wilfordii preparations and summarize the problems in domestic studies on nephrotoxicity-related adverse reactions. A total of 16 RCTs were includedï¼ with an average of 7 entries complying with CONSORT HARMs statement per study. The report of the nephrotoxic-associated RCT of T. wilfordii preparations was of poor quality and the most non-repeating entries included the following onesï¼ using validated tools to report adverse effectsï¼ standards for coding of the adverse reactionsï¼ describing how and when to collect data on adverse reactions in Methodï¼ describing how adverse reactions are attributed to T. wilfordiiï¼ clearly stating who has reported the adverse reactionsï¼ describing the analysis method of adverse reactionsï¼ describing the method of collecting recurrent adverse reaction dataï¼ describing any subgroup analysis and exploratory analysis associated with the hazard. We suggest that the studies on adverse reactions of traditional Chinese medicine should strictly report the entries according to the CONSORT HARMs statementï¼ and take the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine into account to report the details of the Chinese medicine like compositionsï¼ doseï¼ taking timeï¼ combined medication and the dialectical typology of research objects.
Assuntos
Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/toxicidade , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Tripterygium/toxicidade , Humanos , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como AssuntoRESUMO
The study was aimed to conduct an evidence-based evaluation on the safety of Tripterygium wilfordii(TW) preparations through a method combined bibliometrics research with evidence-based evaluation researchï¼ to provide evidence-based safety information of the TW preparations(nephrotoxicity) for the government decision-making and clinical applicationï¼ and to provides methods and suggestions for evaluating nephrotoxicity of Chinese herbal medicine(CHM) in the future. We searched relevant databases at home and abroad systematicallyï¼ and six Chinese and English databases including CNKIï¼ SinoMedï¼ VIPï¼ WanFangï¼ PubMedï¼ and Cochrane library were comprehensively searched. All types of research documents about the safety of TW preparations. Literature were screened and extracted based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The methodology quality of all included studies were assessed by internationally recognized evaluation tools or standards. The incidence rate was analyzed by using R software. Subgroup analysis were conducted according to the type of disease treatedï¼ drug delivery wayï¼ medication timeï¼ and study types.
Assuntos
Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/normas , Tripterygium , BibliometriaRESUMO
To investigate the feasibility of applying the evidence-based rapid review in studying the nephrotoxicity of Tripterygium wilfordii preparation. We used four methods in relevant studies on the nephrotoxicity of T. wilfordii preparation. The first method had no limitation on any search termsï¼ which was a traditional approach to retrieve systematic reviews. The second method limited the relevant search terms of T. wilfordii preparation to "all of CHMs containing T. wilfordii preparation approved by CFDA". The third method was to limit the relevant retrieval terms of nephrotoxicity as the "most frequently reported terms related to nephrotoxicity found in the study literature screening process in the early stage of systematic review". The fourth method was to limit the search terms relating to both T. wilfordii preparation and nephrotoxicity. Finallyï¼ the results of the last three search methods were compared with those of the first search methodï¼ and the feasibility of the rapid review method in the study for the nephrotoxicity of CHM was discussed. For the total number of literatures searchedï¼ the fourth method had the smallest number of literatures. For the number of articles in line with the inclusion criteriaï¼ the second method had the largest number of eligible literatures. For the type of literatures includedï¼ the forth method had a higher coincidence degree. The forth method was the best oneï¼ because it was not only consistent with the resultsï¼ but also could minimize the workload. Rapid review is feasible in the study of nephrotoxicity of T. wilfordii.
Assuntos
Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/toxicidade , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Tripterygium/toxicidade , Humanos , Projetos de Pesquisa , Revisões Sistemáticas como AssuntoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To study the infectious strains of bacteria in our burn ward in recent 5 years, and analyze their antibiotic resistance. METHODS: Bacteria were isolated from the wound excretions of 306 burn patients hospitalized during 2001 to 2006 for analyzing their strains and their antibiotic resistance. RESULTS: 378 strains were Grams positive bacteria, among them Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant strain. Further analysis showed that methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ranked the first in occurrence, followed by methicillin-resistance Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) and Enterococcus fecalis, 338 strains were Gram negative bacteria, and among them Acinetobacter baumannii was predominant, and Enterobacter cloacae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ranked the 2nd and 3rd. Twelve strains were fungi. CONCLUSION: Drug resistance to antibiotics in our burn ward may be related to the beta-lactamases from acinetobacter baumannii and multiple-drug-resistance of MRSA.