The Role of Citicoline and Coenzyme Q10 in Retinal Pathology.

Ocular neurodegenerative diseases such as glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration are common retinal diseases responsible for most of the blindness causes in the working-age and elderly populations in developed countries. Many of the current treatments used in these pathologies fail to stop or slow the progression of the disease. Therefore, other types of treatments with neuroprotective characteristics may be necessary to allow a more satisfactory management of the disease. Citicoline and coenzyme Q10 are molecules that have neuroprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties, and their use could have a beneficial effect in ocular neurodegenerative pathologies. This review provides a compilation, mainly from the last 10 years, of the main studies that have been published on the use of these drugs in these neurodegenerative diseases of the retina, analyzing the usefulness of these drugs in these pathologies.

Analysis of cataract surgery induced astigmatism: Two polar methods comparison.

PURPOSE: Surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) caused by the incision after cataract surgery may be calculated to improve IOL toric power calculation and achieve better visual outcome. SIA could be determined as the difference between preoperative and postoperative keratometry expressed in polar values using different equations. The objective of this study is to compare the SIA calculated with two different polar value analysis methods [Method #1: KP (90)/KP (135) developed to be used with incisions placed at 90° and Method #2: AKP/AKP (+45) developed to be used independently of the incision location]. METHODS: Preoperative and one month postoperative data of 210 cataractous eyes (131 patients) undergoing uncomplicated cataract surgery were assessed. All incisions were performed at 11 o'clock (120°). No sutures were used in any patient. IOLMaster (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, Ireland) keratometry was used to polar calculation. RESULTS: The average age was 66.25±12.33 years (range 22-89). SIA polar value data calculated with Method #1 were KP (90) -0.06±0.52D and KP (135) +0.05±0.91D and calculated with Method #2 were AKP -0.10±0.87D and AKP (+45) +0.02±0.02D. However, SIA value represented in traditional notation (diopters@axis in degrees) was the same value independently of the method used to calculate; +0.65@110.70°. CONCLUSION: SIA value is independent of the polar method used to its calculation and slight variations in the incision position could be accepted without clinical relevant impact in SIA magnitude. Both methods [Method #1: KP (90)/KP (135) and Method #2: AKP/AKP (+45)] are useful to calculate SIA with superior incisions at 120°.

Analysis of cataract surgery induced astigmatism: Two polar methods comparison / Análisis del astigmatismo inducido en la cirugía de cataratas: comparación de dos métodos polares

Purpose: Surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) caused by the incision after cataract surgery may be calculated to improve IOL toric power calculation and achieve better visual outcome. SIA could be determined as the difference between preoperative and postoperative keratometry expressed in polar values using different equations. The objective of this study is to compare the SIA calculated with two different polar value analysis methods [Method #1: KP (90)/KP (135) developed to be used with incisions placed at 90° and Method #2: AKP/AKP (+45) developed to be used independently of the incision location]. Methods: Preoperative and one month postoperative data of 210 cataractous eyes (131 patients) undergoing uncomplicated cataract surgery were assessed. All incisions were performed at 11 o’clock (120°). No sutures were used in any patient. IOLMaster (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, Ireland) keratometry was used to polar calculation. Results: The average age was 66.25 ± 12.33 years (range 22-89). SIA polar value data calculated with Method #1 were KP (90) -0.06 ± 0.52D and KP (135) +0.05 ± 0.91D and calculated with Method #2 were AKP -0.10 ± 0.87D and AKP (+45) +0.02 ± 0.02D. However, SIA value represented in traditional notation (diopters@axis in degrees) was the same value independently of the method used to calculate; +0.65@110.70°. Conclusion: SIA value is independent of the polar method used to its calculation and slight variations in the incision position could be accepted without clinical relevant impact in SIA magnitude. Both methods [Method #1: KP (90)/KP (135) and Method #2: AKP/AKP (+45)] are useful to calculate SIA with superior incisions at 120° (AU)

Objetivo: El astigmatismo quirúrgicamente inducido (SIA) causado por la incisión tras la cirugía de cataratas se puede calcular para mejorar el cálculo de la potencia de las lentes intraoculares tóricas y lograr un mejor resultado visual postquirúrgico. El SIA puede determinarse como la diferencia entre la queratometría preoperatoria y postoperatoria expresada en valores polares, utilizando diferentes ecuaciones. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar el SIA calculado mediante dos métodos de análisis de valores polares [Método 1: KP (90)/KP (135) desarrollado para ser utilizado con incisiones situadas a 90 grados, y Método 2: AKP/AKP(+45) desarrollado para ser utilizado independientemente del lugar de la incisión]. Métodos: Se analizaron los datos preoperatorios y postoperatorios tras un mes de cirugía de catarata no complicada, de 210 ojos (131 pacientes). Todas las incisiones se realizaron a las 11 en punto (120 grados). No se realizaron suturas en ningún paciente. Se utilizó la queratometría proporcionada por el sistema IOLMaster (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublín, Irlanda) se empleó para realizar el cálculo polar. Resultados: La edad media fue de 66,25 ± 12,33 años (rango de 22 a 89). Los datos de los valores polares del SIA calculados con el Método 1 fueron KP(90) -0,06 ± 0,52D y KP(135) +0,05 ± 0,91D, y los calculados con el Método 2 fueron AKP -0,10 ± 0,87D y AKP(+45) +0,02 ± 0,02D. Sin embargo, el valor SIA representado en la notación tradicional (dioptrías@ejes en grados) fue el mismo, independientemente del método de cálculo utilizado; +0,65@110,70°. Conclusión: El valor SIA es independiente del método polar utilizado para su cálculo, pudiendo aceptarse ligeras variaciones en el lugar de incisión, sin impacto clínico relevante en cuanto a la magnitud del SIA. Ambos métodos [Método 1: KP (90)/KP (135) y Método 2: AKP/AKP(+45)] son útiles para calcular el SIA con incisiones superiores localizadas a 120 grados (AU)