Eating and nutritional habits in patients with schizophrenia.

BACKGROUND: There are few studies that relate eating and nutritional habits to the severity of the disease and demographic profile in patients with schizophrenia. OBJECTIVE: To describe eating and nutritional habits and their relationship with the severity of the disease in patients with schizophrenia. METHOD: Cross-sectional descriptive study. SAMPLE: 31 patients with schizophrenia (ICD-10) under outpatient treatment. INCLUSION CRITERIA: age 18-65 years, clinically stable and, written informed consent. ASSESSMENT: Demographic, clinical characteristics (CGI-SCH, length of illness, BMI, abdominal perimeter), ad hoc questionnaire (eating, nutritional, and physical activity). RESULTS: Mean age 43.13(SD = 7.85) years, males 61.3%. Mean severity of illness was 3.94(SD = 1.06), mean duration of the illness 18.42(SD = 8.27) years. 74.2% used to eatweekly fat meat and 64.5% less than 3-4 servings of fish, 77.4% less than 3 servings of fruit per day, and 51.6% drink less than 1 L of water. 83.9% used to drink coffee daily, 2.81(SD = 2.02) cups per day. Patients showed lower levels of Vitamin A, D, E, K1, C, folic acid, and magnesium. 93.5% did not fulfill the WHO recommendations on physical activity. Only retinol (r = -0.602, P = .039) and vitamin K1 (r = -0.693, P = .012) in women were related to the severity of illness. CONCLUSIONS: Outpatients with schizophrenia do not follow WHO recommendations on healthy diets, neither physical activity. Both clinical severity of the illness and marital status and cohabitation were associated with poor eating habits and nutrients deficit. These data should be taken into account by the nursing staff when implementing specific care in routine clinical practice.

Eating and nutritional habits in patients with schizophrenia. / Hábitos alimenticios y nutricionales en pacientes con esquizofrenia.

BACKGROUND: There are few studies that relate eating and nutritional habits to the severity of the disease and demographic profile in patients with schizophrenia. OBJECTIVE: To describe eating and nutritional habits and their relationship with the severity of the disease in patients with schizophrenia. METHOD: Cross-sectional descriptive study. SAMPLE: 31 patients with schizophrenia (ICD-10) under outpatient treatment. INCLUSION CRITERIA: age 18-65 years, clinically stable and, written informed consent. ASSESSMENT: Demographic, clinical characteristics (CGI-SCH, length of illness, BMI, abdominal perimeter), ad hoc questionnaire (eating, nutritional, and physical activity). RESULTS: Mean age 43.13(SD=7.85) years, males 61.3%. Mean severity of illness was 3.94(SD=1.06), mean duration of the illness 18.42(SD=8.27) years. 74.2% used to eat weekly fat meat and 64.5% less than 3-4 servings of fish, 77.4% less than 3 servings of fruit per day, and 51.6% drink less than 1l of water. 83.9% used to drink coffee daily, 2.81(SD=2.02) cups per day. Patients showed lower levels of Vitamin A, D, E, K1, C, folic acid, and magnesium. 93.5% did not fulfill the WHO recommendations on physical activity. Only retinol (r=-0.602, p=0.039) and vitamin K1 (r=-0.693, p=0.012) in women were related to the severity of illness. CONCLUSIONS: Outpatients with schizophrenia do not follow WHO recommendations on healthy diets, neither physical activity. Both clinical severity of the illness and marital status and cohabitation were associated with poor eating habits and nutrients deficit. These data should be taken into account by the nursing staff when implementing specific care in routine clinical practice.

Hábitos alimenticios y nutricionales en pacientes con esquizofrenia / Eating and nutritional habits in patients with schizophrenia

Antecedentes: Hay pocos estudios que relacionen los hábitos alimenticios y nutricionales con la gravedad de la enfermedad y el perfil demográfico en pacientes con esquizofrenia.Objetivo: Describir los hábitos alimenticios y nutricionales y su relación con la gravedad de la enfermedad en pacientes con esquizofrenia.Método: Estudio descriptivo transversal. Muestra: 31 pacientes con esquizofrenia (CIE-10) en tratamiento ambulatorio. Criterios de inclusión: edad 18-65 años, clínicamente estable y consentimiento informado por escrito. Evaluación: características demográficas, clínicas (ICG-G, años de evolución de la enfermedad, IMC, perímetro abdominal), cuestionario ad hoc (alimentación, hábito nutricional y actividad física).Resultados: Edad media 43,13 (DE = 7,85) años, varones 61,3%. La gravedad media de la enfermedad fue de 3,94 (DE = 1,06), con una media de 18,42 (DE = 8,27) años evolución de la enfermedad. El 74,2% comía carne grasa semanalmente y el 64,5% menos de 3-4 porciones de pescado, el 77,4% menos de 3 porciones de fruta por día y el 51,6% bebía menos de un litro de agua. El 83,9% tomaba café diariamente, 2,81 (DE = 2,02) cafés por día. Los pacientes presentaban niveles más bajos de vitamina A, D, E, K1, C, ácido fólico y magnesio. El 93,5% no cumplía con las recomendaciones de la OMS sobre actividad física. Solo el retinol (r = -0,602, p = 0,039) y la vitamina K1 (r = -0,693, p = 0,012) en las mujeres se relacionaron con la gravedad de la enfermedad.Conclusiones:Los pacientes con esquizofrenia a seguimiento ambulatorio no siguen las recomendaciones de la OMS sobre dietas saludables ni actividad física. Tanto la gravedad clínica de la enfermedad como el estado civil y la convivencia se asociaron con malos hábitos alimenticios y déficit de nutrientes. Estos datos deben ser tenidos en cuenta por el personal de enfermería a la hora de implementar cuidados específicos en la práctica clínica habitual. (AU)

Background: There are few studies that relate eating and nutritional habits to the severity of the disease and demographic profile in patients with schizophrenia.Objective: To describe eating and nutritional habits and their relationship with the severity of the disease in patients with schizophrenia.Method: Cross-sectional descriptive study. Sample: 31 patients with schizophrenia (ICD-10) under outpatient treatment. Inclusion criteria: age 18-65 years, clinically stable and, written informed consent. Assessment: Demographic, clinical characteristics (CGI-SCH, length of illness, BMI, abdominal perimeter), ad hoc questionnaire (eating, nutritional, and physical activity).Results : Mean age 43.13(SD=7.85) years, males 61.3%. Mean severity of illness was 3.94(SD=1.06), mean duration of the illness 18.42(SD=8.27) years. 74.2% used to eat weekly fat meat and 64.5% less than 3-4 servings of fish, 77.4% less than 3 servings of fruit per day, and 51.6% drink less than 1l of water. 83.9% used to drink coffee daily, 2.81(SD=2.02) cups per day. Patients showed lower levels of Vitamin A, D, E, K1, C, folic acid, and magnesium. 93.5% did not fulfill the WHO recommendations on physical activity. Only retinol (r=-0.602, p=0.039) and vitamin K1 (r=-0.693, p=0.012) in women were related to the severity of illness.Conclusions: Outpatients with schizophrenia do not follow WHO recommendations on healthy diets, neither physical activity. Both clinical severity of the illness and marital status and cohabitation were associated with poor eating habits and nutrients deficit. These data should be taken into account by the nursing staff when implementing specific care in routine clinical practice. (AU)

Changes in administrative prevalence of mental disorders over a 13-year period in Asturias (northern Spain).

INTRODUCTION: The study of administrative prevalence from cumulative psychiatric case registers allows the mental health state of the studied region and the functioning of its Health Services to be estimated. METHODS: Data were extracted from the Asturias Cumulative Psychiatric Case Register (RACPAS) between January 1st 1998 and December 3 th 2010. Characteristics of the population of the catchment area were studied, and their relationship with the administrative prevalence was analyzed. RESULTS: The mean population in the studied period was 1,078,406 inhabitants. The Fritz index and the Youth and replacement indices of the active population decreased throughout the period. There was no significant increase in the prevalence of organic mental disorders, psychosis, mood disorders, and substance use in males, or behavioral disorders associated with somatic factors and physiological dysfunctions in females. There were significant gender differences in the prevalence of all disorders, except for personality disorders and organic mental disorders. Population ageing had a significant influence on the increase in the prevalence of most mental disorders in both males and females. CONCLUSIONS: A slight general increase in the administrative prevalence of mental disorders is observed during the studied period, and it was influenced by population ageing.

Evolución de la prevalencia administrativa de los trastornos mentales durante 13 años en Asturias (norte de España) / Changes in administrative prevalence of mental disorders over a 13-year period in Asturias (northern Spain)

Introducción. El estudio de la prevalencia administrativa a partir de los Registros Acumulativos de Casos Psiquiátricos permite tener una estimación de la salud mental de la población de una zona y del funcionamiento de sus servicios sanitarios. Métodos. Análisis de los datos del Registro Acumulativo de Casos Psiquiátricos de Asturias (RACPAS) entre el 1-1-1998 y el 3-12-2010. Estudio de las características de la población de referencia y análisis de la asociación de los índices sociodemográficos con la prevalencia de la enfermedad mental. Resultados. La población media en los años estudiados fue de 1.078.406 con disminución de los índices de juventud, de Fritz y de reemplazo de la población activa. Se observó un leve incremento de la prevalencia de la mayoría de los trastornos mentales registrados en el RACPAS. No se observó un incremento significativo en la prevalencia de los trastornos mentales orgánicos, psicosis, trastornos del humor, consumo de sustancias no alcohólicas en los hombres ni en los trastornos del comportamiento asociados a disfunciones fisiológicas y a factores somáticos en las mujeres. Hubo diferencias significativas entre los sexos en la prevalencia de todos los trastornos excepto en los trastornos de la personalidad y los trastornos orgánicos cerebrales. El envejecimiento poblacional tuvo una influencia significativa en el incremento de la prevalencia de la mayoría de los trastornos mentales tanto en hombres como en mujeres. Conclusiones. Durante el periodo estudiado se observó un leve incremento general de la prevalencia administrativa influida por el envejecimiento poblacional(AU)

Introduction. The study of administrative prevalence from cumulative psychiatric case registers allows the mental health state of the studied region and the functioning of its Health Services to be estimated. Methods. Data were extracted from the Asturias Cumulative Psychiatric Case Register (RACPAS) between January 1st 1998 and December 3rd 2010. Characteristics of the population of the catchment area were studied, and their relationship with the administrative prevalence was analysed. Results. The mean population in the studied period was 1,078,406 inhabitants. The Fritz index and the Youth and replacement indices of the active population decreased throughout the period. There was no significant increase in the prevalence of organic mental disorders, psychosis, mood disorders, and substance use in males, or behavioural disorders associated with somatic factors and physiological dysfunctions in females. There were significant gender differences in the prevalence of all disorders, except for personality disorders and organic mental disorders. Population ageing had a significant influence on the increase in the prevalence of most mental disorders in both males and females. Conclusions. A slight general increase in the administrative prevalence of mental disorders is observed during the studied period, and it was influenced by population ageing(AU)

Dimensionalidad de la predisposición alucinatoria: Análisis facto-rial confirmatorio de la Escala Launay-Slade Hallucination – revisada en estudiantes universitarios / Dimensionality of hallucinatory predisposition: Confirmatory factor analysis of the Launay-Slade Hallucination Scale-revised in college students

La predisposición alucinatoria, medida a través de la Escala de Alucinaciones de Launay-Slade-Revisada (LSHS-R) (Bentall y Slade, 1985), constituye un constructo multidimensional, si bien su estructura factorial no se encuentra todavía bien establecida. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la estructura dimensional de la predisposición alucinatoria en población no-clínica. La muestra la formaron 807 adultos jóvenes, 562 mujeres (63,3%), con una edad media de 20,19 (DT = 2,98). Los resultados mostraron que la LSHS-R presentó un adecuado comportamiento psicométrico. El coeficiente alfa de Cronbach ascendió a 0,90. Los análisis factoriales confirmatorios realizados indicaron que el modelo tridimensional de Waters et al. (2003) y el modelo tetradimensional de Levitan et al. (1996) fueron los que mejor se ajustaron a los datos en comparación con los modelos alternativos propuestos. Estos datos confirman la naturaleza multidimensional de la predisposición alucinatoria medida a partir de la LSHS-R. Futuros estudios deberían seguir investigando las dimensiones subyacentes a la LSHS-R en poblaciones clínicas y no-clínicas, así como examinar su invarianza a través del sexo y la edad de los participantes (AU)

Hallucinatory predisposition, as measured by the Launay-Slade Hallucination scale-revised (LSHS-R) (Bentall & Slade, 1985), is a multi-dimensional construct, although its factor structure is not yet well established. The purpose of this work was to analyze the dimensional structure of hallucinatory predisposition in nonclinical population. The sample comprised 807 young adults, 562 female (63.3%), with a mean age of 20.19 (SD = 2.98). The results showed that the LSHS-R presented adequate psychometric properties. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient reached 0.90. The confirmatory factor analyses conducted indicated that Waters et al. ‘s (2003) three-factor model and Levitan et al.‘s (1996) four-factor model were those that showed the best fit to the data in comparison to the alter-native proposed models. These data confirm the multidimensional nature of hallucinatory predisposition as measured by the LSHS-R. Future studies should continue to investigate the dimensions underlying the LSHS-R in clinical and nonclinical populations and examine its invariance across participants’ gender and age (AU)