Risk of caesarean delivery in labour induction: a systematic review and external validation of predictive models.

BACKGROUND: Despite the existence of numerous published models predicting the risk of caesarean delivery in women undergoing induction of labour (IOL), validated models are scarce. OBJECTIVES: To systematically review and externally assess the predictive capacity of caesarean delivery risk models in women undergoing IOL. SEARCH STRATEGY: Studies published up to 15 January 2021 were identified through PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus and ClinicalTrials.gov, without temporal or language restrictions. SELECTION CRITERIA: Studies describing the derivation of new models for predicting the risk of caesarean delivery in labour induction. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Three authors independently screened the articles and assessed the risk of bias (ROB) according to the prediction model risk of bias assessment tool (PROBAST). External validation was performed in a prospective cohort of 468 pregnancies undergoing IOL from February 2019 to August 2020. The predictive capacity of the models was assessed by creating areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCs), calibration plots and decision curve analysis (DCA). MAIN RESULTS: Fifteen studies met the eligibility criteria; 12 predictive models were validated. The quality of most of the included studies was not adequate. The AUC of the models varied from 0.520 to 0.773. The three models with the best discriminative capacity were those of Levine et al. (AUC 0.773, 95% CI 0.720-0.827), Hernández et al. (AUC 0.762, 95% CI 0.715-0.809) and Rossi et al. (AUC 0.752, 95% CI 0.707-0.797). CONCLUSIONS: Predictive capacity and methodological quality were limited; therefore, we cannot currently recommend the use of any of the models for decision making in clinical practice. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: Predictive models that predict the risk of cesarean section in labor inductions are currently not applicable.

Large Damping-Like Spin-Orbit Torque in a 2D Conductive 1T-TaS2 Monolayer.

A damping-like spin-orbit torque (SOT) is a prerequisite for ultralow-power spin logic devices. Here, we report on the damping-like SOT in just one monolayer of the conducting transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMD) TaS2 interfaced with a NiFe (Py) ferromagnetic layer. The charge-spin conversion efficiency is found to be 0.25 ± 0.03 in TaS2(0.88)/Py(7), and the spin Hall conductivity (14.9×105ℏ2eΩ-1m-1) is found to be superior to values reported for other TMDs. We also observed sizable field-like torque in this heterostructure. The origin of this large damping-like SOT can be found in the interfacial properties of the TaS2/Py heterostructure, and the experimental findings are complemented by the results from density functional theory calculations. It is envisioned that the interplay between interfacial spin-orbit coupling and crystal symmetry yielding large damping-like SOT. The dominance of damping-like torque demonstrated in our study provides a promising path for designing the next-generation conducting TMD-based low-powered quantum memory devices.

Three new HLA class II alleles: DRB1*08:70, DQA1*01:13 and DQA1*03:01:03.

Three novel HLA class II alleles, DRB1*08:70, DQA1*01:13 and DQA1*03:01:03, were characterized.

HLA-A allele dropout in sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe typing due to intronic polymorphism in the novel A*31:01:02:02 allele.

HLA-A*31:01:02:02 differs from A*31:01:02 in a single nucleotide mutation at intron 3, nucleotide position 1000 (G > A).

A new HLA-B allele, B*18:105, identified in a Caucasian Spanish individual.

HLA-B*18:105 shows two nucleotide differences regarding B*18:22 (97 AGC>AGG, 99 TAC>TAT) and B*18:52 (94 ACC>ATC, 95 CTC>ATC).

Characterization of two novel HLA-A null alleles: A*11:210N and A*26:107N.

Two new HLA-A null alleles were characterized, A*11:210N and A*26:107N.

Sequencing of the new HLA-B*44:150 allele suggests recombination between B*44:02:01:01 and B*07:02:01 alleles.

B*44:150 was identical to B*44:02:01:01 except at the 3'-end region of exon 3, where a B*07-specific sequence was identified.

Description of HLA-A*33:49 in a Spanish cord blood unit.

A*33:49 has one nucleotide change regarding A*33:01:01 at exon 3, producing an amino acid replacement at codon 97, M97 to I97.

Sequencing of two novel HLA-A*29 alleles, A*29:39 and A*29:40.

A*29:39 differs from A*29:02:01 by three clustered amino acid replacements at α1 domain, T73>I73, A76>V76 and N77>D77. A*29:40 shows one nucleotide difference regarding A*29:02:01 allele, resulting in one amino acid substitution at position 154, E154>G154.

Disentangling the physical contributions to the electrical resistance in magnetic domain walls: a multiscale study.

We analyze the origin of the electrical resistance arising in domain walls of perpendicularly magnetized materials by considering a superposition of anisotropic magnetoresistance and the resistance implied by the magnetization chirality. The domain wall profiles of L1(0)-FePd and L1(0)-FePt are determined by micromagnetic simulations based on which we perform first-principles calculations to quantify electron transport through the core and closure region of the walls. The wall resistance, being twice as high in L1(0)-FePd than in L1(0)-FePt, is found to be clearly dominated in both cases by a high gradient of magnetization rotation, which agrees well with experimental observations.

Allelic and haplotypic HLA frequency distribution in Spanish hematopoietic patients. Implications for unrelated donor searching.

Histocompatibility criteria for unrelated donor selection are based on high-resolution definition of HLA genes. In spite of the expansion of the unrelated donor registries, HLA matching remains a problem for many patients because of the great diversity of HLA alleles and haplotypes. The availability of matched donors at an allelic level depends on the frequency of the patient's alleles and haplotypes. Therefore, data regarding HLA distribution for each population are needed in order to evaluate the donor searching approach and, may be, even the therapeutic strategy. In the present report, we have analyzed 253 haematological Spanish patients awaiting unrelated haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) donors. HLA allele and haplotype frequencies have been defined at high resolution for the first time in this population. Significant differences in HLA distribution have been reported when comparing two patient groups, one that received full-match (10/10) unrelated donors and one that did not. Factors like rare alleles, presence of B*510101 (because of the association with multiple HLA-C alleles), as well as infrequent B-C and DRB1-DQB1 associations, showed a negative value for finding a suitable donor, whereas the presence of one of the six-gene haplotypes with a frequency ≥ 0.9% in our sample was a positive factor influencing donor searching. These differences will be useful in donor searching advising and in the use of different therapeutic strategies.

Sequencing of a new HLA-DRB1*04:98 allele in a Spanish donor.

DRB1*04:98 shows four nucleotide changes regarding DRB1*04:01:01, resulting in two amino acids replacement at positions A73G and A74R.

The new HLA-C allele C*07:170 shows a new polymorphism at amino acid position 147.

The new HLA-C allele C*07:170 differs from C*07:01:01 by two nucleotides at exon 3.

Characterization of three novel HLA-DRB1 alleles, DRB1*03:55, *11:46:02 and *04:92, by exon 2, 3 and 4 sequencing-based typing.

Sequencing-based typing of HLA-DRB1 gene, allowed us to characterize three new alleles. DRB1*03:55 shows one nucleotide change regarding DRB1*03:01:01G, resulting in an amino acid replacement at position 80 R > I. DRB1*11:46:02 presents one synonymous nucleotide change at codon 34 (CAG > CAA) with regard to DRB1*11:46:01. Finally, DRB1*04:92 has one nucleotide change from DRB1*04:07:01 at codon 207 in exon 4, producing an amino acid replacement (V > M) in the transmembrane domain.

SARS-CoV-2-Specific Memory T Lymphocytes From COVID-19 Convalescent Donors: Identification, Biobanking, and Large-Scale Production for Adoptive Cell Therapy.

Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic is causing a second outbreak significantly delaying the hope for the virus' complete eradication. In the absence of effective vaccines, we need effective treatments with low adverse effects that can treat hospitalized patients with COVID-19 disease. In this study, we determined the existence of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells within CD45RA- memory T cells in the blood of convalescent donors. Memory T cells can respond quickly to infection and provide long-term immune protection to reduce the severity of COVID-19 symptoms. Also, CD45RA- memory T cells confer protection from other pathogens encountered by the donors throughout their life. It is of vital importance to resolve other secondary infections that usually develop in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. We found SARS-CoV-2-specific memory T cells in all of the CD45RA- subsets (CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+) and in the central memory and effector memory subpopulations. The procedure for obtaining these cells is feasible, easy to implement for small-scale manufacture, quick and cost-effective, involves minimal manipulation, and has no GMP requirements. This biobank of specific SARS-CoV-2 memory T cells would be immediately available "off-the-shelf" to treat moderate/severe cases of COVID-19, thereby increasing the therapeutic options available for these patients.

Sequencing of a new HLA-DRB1*16 allele (DRB1*1615) with valine at residue 86.

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1*1615 shows one amino acid replacement at codon 86 (G>V) regarding DRB1*160101.

HLA-B*4907 and B*490101 differs by residue 163 placed in a dominant serologic epitope.

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B*4907 was detected in a family from Morocco because of inconsistencies found between molecular and serologic typing results. B*4907 differs from B*490101 by two nucleotide changes in codon 163, producing an amino acid replacement, L>E.

A new DQA1 allele (DQA1*0510) in a Spanish celiac disease patient.

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQA1*0510 has been identified in a Spanish patient diagnosed with celiac disease. DQA1*0510 differs from DQA1*0505/09 by a point mutation at exon 2 producing an amino acid replacement at codon 77 (I>V).

The new HLA-Cw*0442 allele possibly generated by a recombination event involving Cw*04010101 and Cw*1801.

A new human leukocyte antigen-C (HLA-C) allele Cw*0442 was identified in a Spanish Caucasian patient by sequencing-based typing (SBT). HLA-Cw*0442 differs from Cw*04010101 by three amino acid replacements at positions 9 (S>D), 11 (S>A), and 14 (W>R).

Control of magnetization reversal by combining shape and magnetocrystalline anisotropy in epitaxial Fe planar nanowires.

This work presents an analysis of the in-plane magnetization reversal mechanisms of Fe nanowires, with widths from 100 nm to 1 microm, fabricated in epitaxial Au(001)/Fe(001)/MgO(001) thin films by means of focused ion and electron beam lithographies, with either positive or negative resist. The experimental results show that the switching mechanisms and hysteresis are almost exclusively functions of the dimensions of the wires and of the Fe intrinsic properties, with minor influence of the specific fabrication route employed upon optimization of nanostructure parameters in terms of crystallinity and morphology, and well defined and reproducible geometry. The reversal processes evolve from wall pinning at low angles between the applied field and the axis of the wires to basically uniform magnetization rotation at high angles. This behaviour can be described in terms of single spin configurations, thus ruling out the formation of multidomain structures even at high angles. The ability to achieve these high quality and well controlled nanowires allowed us to develop an analytical model, based on uniform magnetization configurations considering just the intrinsic Fe properties and the shape and dimensions of the wires. This simple approach provides a very good qualitative and quantitative agreement with the experimental results, thus evidencing the relatively small role of other extrinsic factors in the magnetization processes.