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BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Multiple myeloma is a frequent hematologic malignancy, in which the International Stratification Score (ISS) is widely used to estimate the overall survival. However, there are no studies in Latin America evaluating its performance. This study aims to describe the ISS performance in the overall survival estimation for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients in Uruguay. METHODS: This is a retrospective registry-based survival analysis through the Grupo Uruguayo de Mieloma Múltiple (GUMMA) database, including newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients from January 2001 until May 2019. RESULTS: 249 patients were included, 51.81% males and an average age of 63.49 years. According to ISS and Durie-Salmon score (DSS), 47.79% and 82.3% were ISS III and DSS III, respectively. Also, 32.3% were DSS B. Auto hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was performed in 31.73% of patients, and bortezomib was used in 44.18% as frontline therapy. The overall survival was 80% for ISS1, 64.9% ISS2, and 48.6% ISS3 (Log-Rank; p <0.01). The average overall survival was 116.5 months for ISS 1, 77.6 months for ISS 2, and 57.8 months for ISS 3. The hazard ratio between ISS II and ISS I was 2.42 (95% CI 1.10-5.33; p<0.05), and 3.94 (95% CI 1.88-8.26; p<0.05) between ISS III and ISS II. CONCLUSION: The ISS staging system allows an adequate stratification of patients according to overall survival in the real-practice setting. However, considering the relevance of the new cytogenetic advances, it is necessary to increase the availability and quality of iFISH in Latin America.
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BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Cancer is a leading cause of death in Ecuador with high social and economic impact. This study aims to determinate the influence of living at a high altitude on the risk of developing or dying from cancer among the Ecuadorian population. METHODS: This is an ecological and epidemiological analysis of cancer mortality and prevalence rates, based on national data from the Ecuadorian National Statistics and Census Institute, corresponding to the period between 2005 and 2014. This study includes the analysis of various types of cancer: gastric, colorectal, hepatic/bile duct, breast, uterine/cervix, and lymphatic/hematopoietic, using rates of mortality and prevalence. Additionally, the association between the risk of getting or dying from cancer and living at high altitude was investigated. This comparison was made between the population living in Highlands, over 2000 meters above sea level, and low-lying regions. RESULTS: Living at high altitude was associated with a higher prevalence of cancer and also with a high mortality rate due to cancer. Risk of getting cancer was related to living at a higher altitude, as well as an increased risk of death by cancer: gastric (OR:1.204; p<0.001), colorectal (OR:1.421; p<0.001), hepatic/bile duct (OR:1.184; p<0.001), breast (OR:1.067; p=0.030), or lymphatic/hematopoietic neoplasms (OR:1.135; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Through an epidemiologic analysis, the association between developing or dying from cancer and living at high altitude was obtained. However, further researche is needed to clarify these findings, something that could have a substantial impact on cancer prevention.
RESUMO
Resumen La enfermedad renal crónica es un problema de salud pública con una alta morbilidad y mortalidad. El trasplante renal es una de las actuales alternativas terapéuticas. Se incluyen en este artículo 12 trabajos publicados referentes a la contaminación del líquido de preservación en trasplante renal, 4 reportes de caso, y 8 estudios de prevalencia. En este estudio la prevalencia de contaminación de líquido de preservación para cualquier microorganismo varió entre 17,43 % a 59,72 %, mientras que para los limitados al reporte de Candida sp, la frecuencia varió de 1,69 % a 8,57 %. En los reportes de caso, todos fueron asociados a la infección por Candida sp, con arteritis de la arteria renal y pérdida del injerto como las complicaciones más frecuentes. En nuestra institución, Hospital de Especialidades de las Fuerzas Armadas N°1, de un total de 59 pacientes trasplantados se aisló al menos un microorganismo en 20 casos (28,17 %). Con estos resultados sugerimos que la contaminación del líquido de preservación es un fenómeno frecuente en trasplante renal, sin embargo al no poseer publicaciones en las que se describan las complicaciones asociadas a la infección por otros microorganismos, creemos que la contaminación por Candida sp, a pesar de no tener una gran frecuencia, es clínicamente la más relevante.
Abstract Chronic kidney disease is a public health problem with high morbidity and mortality, kidney transplantation being one of the current therapeutic alternatives. In12 published works concerning the contamination of the preservation fluid in kidney transplant, four case reports, and eight prevalence studies. The prevalence of preservation liquid contamination for any microorganism ranged from 17.43% to 59.72%, while for those limited to the Candida sp report, the frequency varied from 1.69% to 8.57%. In the case reports, all were associated with Candida infection, with renal artery arteritis and graft loss as the most frequent complications. In our institution, of a total of 59 transplant patients, at least one microorganism was isolated in 20 cases (28.17%). Preservation fluid contamination is a frequent phenomenon in kidney transplantation. However, since no publications are describing the complications associated with infection by other microorganisms, we could say that contamination by Candida sp, despite not having a high prevalence, it is clinically the most relevant.