RESUMO
The isolated III grade lateral collateral ligament injuries are rare, and there is limited literature available on their management. We report 3 cases of professional soccer players with isolated distal lateral collateral ligament III grade injury, confirmed by MRI studies. After undergoing MRI examinations, all three players resumed competitive activity without resting and experienced no consequences regarding joint stability. We assessed the significance of the lateral collateral ligament in providing lateral stabilization to the knee joint in professional footballers with clinical tears of the lateral collateral ligament. The other structures of posterolateral area that remain intact contribute to joint stability, and the lateral collateral ligament's extra-articular position appears to expedite the ligament's healing process. Therefore, we propose a possible conservative treatment approach, mostly for professional athletes and adolescent patients, involving a rehabilitation plan without the need for surgery.
Assuntos
Traumatismos do Joelho , Ligamentos Laterais do Tornozelo , Futebol , Adolescente , Humanos , Traumatismos do Joelho/cirurgia , Atletas , Imageamento por Ressonância MagnéticaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To assess whether a correlation between the calcaneal pronation angle and the presence of internal plantar arch overload signs (such as upper-medial spring ligament lesion, posterior tibial tendon tenosynovitis, etc.) could lead to a better understanding of coxa pedis pathology. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred ankle MRIs of consecutive patients were retrospectively reviewed measuring the calcaneal pronation angle and either the presence or absence of internal plantar arch overload signs. Next, the association of overload signs with increasing pronation angle was evaluated to establish a cut-off point beyond which coxa pedis pathology could be defined. RESULTS: The tibial-calcaneal angle values in patients with and without effusion proved to be significantly different (p < 0.0001). The tibial-calcaneal angle values in patients with and without oedema also demonstrated a significant difference (p < 0.0056). Regarding posterior tibial tendon, a significant difference was found between the two groups (p < 0.0001). For plantar fascia enthesopathy, the result was borderline significant (p < 0.054). A linear correlation was found between the value of pronation angle and the extent of spring ligament injury (p < 0.0001). In contrast, no correlation with age was found. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the literature associates medial longitudinal plantar arch overload with posterior tibial tendinopathy and spring ligament complex injuries. Our data show that both injuries are highly correlated with increased calcaneal pronation angle, which could be considered a predictive sign of internal plantar arch overload, prior to the development of the associated signs.
Assuntos
Calcâneo , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Pronação , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Adulto , Calcâneo/diagnóstico por imagem , Idoso , Pronação/fisiologia , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Adolescente , Idoso de 80 Anos ou maisRESUMO
PURPOSE: The aim of this multicentric study was to assess which imaging method has the best inter-reader agreement for glenoid bone loss quantification in anterior shoulder instability. A further aim was to calculate the inter-method agreement comparing bilateral CT with unilateral CT and MR arthrography (MRA) with CT measurements. Finally, calculations were carried out to find the least time-consuming method. METHOD: A retrospective evaluation was performed by 9 readers (or pairs of readers) on a consecutive series of 110 patients with MRA and bilateral shoulder CT. Each reader was asked to calculate the glenoid bone loss of all patients using the following methods: best fit circle area on both MRA and CT images, maximum transverse glenoid width on MRA and CT, CT PICO technique, ratio of the maximum glenoid width to height on MRA and CT, and length of flattening of the anterior glenoid curvature on MRA and CT. Using Pearson's correlation coefficient (PCC), the following agreement values were calculated: the inter-reader for each method, the inter-method for MRA with CT quantifications and the inter-method for CT best-fit circle area and CT PICO. Statistical analysis was carried out to compare the time employed by the readers for each method. RESULTS: Inter-reader agreement PCC mean values were the following: 0.70 for MRA and 0.77 for CT using best fit circle diameter, 0.68 for MRA and 0.72 for CT using best fit circle area, 0.75 for CT PICO, 0.64 for MRA and 0.62 for CT anterior straight line and 0.49 for MRA and 0.43 for CT using length-to-width ratio. CT-MRA inter-modality PCC mean values were 0.9 for best fit circle diameter, 0.9 for best fit circle area, 0.62 for anterior straight line and 0.94 for length-to-width methods. PCC mean value comparing unilateral CT with PICO CT methods was 0.8. MRA best fit circle area method was significantly faster than the same method performed on CT (p = 0.031), while no significant difference was seen between CT and MRA for remaining measurements. CONCLUSIONS: CT PICO is the most reliable imaging method, but both CT and MRA can be reliably used to assess glenoid bone loss. Best fit circle area CT and MRA methods are valuable alternative measurement techniques.
Assuntos
Doenças Ósseas Metabólicas , Instabilidade Articular , Luxação do Ombro , Articulação do Ombro , Humanos , Ombro , Estudos Retrospectivos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Luxação do Ombro/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To provide quantitative anatomical parameters in patients with and without non-traumatic multidirectional instability using MR arthrography (MR-a). MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and seventy-six MR-a performed from January 2020 to March 2021 were retrospectively evaluated. Patients were divided according to the presence of clinically diagnosed multidirectional shoulder instability (MDI). Each MR-a was performed immediately after intra-articular injection of 20 ml of gadolinium using the anterior approach. The width of the axillary recess, the width of the rotator interval, and the circumference of the glenoid were measured by three independent radiologists, choosing the average value of the measurements. The difference between the mean values of each of the three parameters between the two study groups was then assessed. RESULTS: Thirty-seven patients were included in the study (20 in the MDI group, 17 in the control group). The mean axillary recess width in the MDI group was significantly greater than in the control group (t(33) = 3.15, p = .003); rotator interval width and glenoid circumference measurements were not significantly different (t(35) = 1.75, p = .08 and t(30) = 0,51, p = .6, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Inferior capsular redundancy may be an important predisposing factor in MDI, while glenoid circumference is not related to MDI. The relationship between the width of the rotator interval and shoulder instability remains debated.
Assuntos
Instabilidade Articular , Articulação do Ombro , Artrografia , Gadolínio , Humanos , Instabilidade Articular/diagnóstico por imagem , Instabilidade Articular/patologia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Estudos Retrospectivos , Ombro/diagnóstico por imagem , Articulação do Ombro/diagnóstico por imagem , Articulação do Ombro/patologiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: The aim is to investigate whether contrast medium can improve accuracy in the assessment of healing muscle injury in high-level professional athletes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our series is a retrospective study including the records of 22 players (mean age 28 ± 5 SD) with lower limbs muscle injuries type 3a (Mueller-Wohlfarth). All athletes received two MRIs: the day after the injury and before resuming heavy effort activities. Contrast medium uptake was measured in the second MRI by comparing the mean enhancement at the lesion site (ME) with that of the healthy contralateral muscle (HM). The result is a percentage referred to as muscular contrast index (MC index). The difference between the mean MC index value between athletes with and without re-injury was assessed with both the Mann-Whitney and the Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS: Twenty-nine muscle injuries matched the inclusion criteria. The mean MC index values, adjusted for the variable of time elapsed between the last contrast examination and return to the field, were significantly different in the two study groups (p < .001). CONCLUSION: The contrast medium in the follow-up of muscle injuries may be useful in determining the degree of scar stability in a healing injury. Injuries with a high MC index were found to be 'unstable', with a higher rate of recurrence than those with a low MC index. Resumption of competitive activity after achieving not only clinical resolution but also a satisfactory MC index value may increase the safety of return to the field and reduce the recurrence rate.
Assuntos
Traumatismos em Atletas , Volta ao Esporte , Adulto , Atletas , Traumatismos em Atletas/diagnóstico por imagem , Traumatismos em Atletas/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Extremidade Inferior/diagnóstico por imagem , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Músculos/lesões , Recidiva , Estudos Retrospectivos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
PURPOSE: The aim of the study is to evaluate which MRI parameters achieve the best degree of inter-individual concordance in the description of meniscal fibrocartilage, regarding its morphology, signal and position. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-nine knee MRIs were included in the study, retrospectively re-evaluated by three radiologists who completed a binary report (normal/abnormal) describing the meniscus signal, position relative to the tibial plateau margin and morphology. The inter-individual concordance value was calculated using Cohen's test. RESULTS: We obtained different inter-individual concordance values according to the parameters considered. The concordance was poor in the description of the meniscal position relative to the tibial plateau margin (average k = 0.6); the result was comparable in the description of the meniscal morphology (average k = 0.56). The best results were obtained with the meniscal signal analysis (average k = 0.8). CONCLUSION: To the best of our knowledge, there are no studies in the literature assessing the concordance between multiple readers in the description of the parameters we studied. The results we obtained suggest that the most reliable parameter for describing meniscal fibrocartilage is its signal intensity, whereas morphology and position may lead to different interpretations that are not always unequivocal.
Assuntos
Menisco , Lesões do Menisco Tibial , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Meniscos Tibiais/diagnóstico por imagem , Menisco/diagnóstico por imagem , Estudos Retrospectivos , Lesões do Menisco Tibial/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this work is to characterize the anatomy of the intraarticular portion of the long head of the biceps tendon (long head biceps tendon) using magnetic resonance (MR) arthrography by investigating whether anatomical variants may facilitate the onset of a supraequatorial lesion (superior labral anterior to posterior, SLAP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 482 shoulder MR arthrographies, we considered the anatomical variants of the intraarticular portion of the long head of the biceps tendon classified according to Dierickx's arthroscopic classification; lesions of supraequatorial structures were considered in the data analysis. For each anatomical variant, correlation with SLAP and the odd ratio were statistically evaluated, using Fisher's exact (or chi-squared) test and logistic regression analysis, respectively. RESULTS: In the mesotenon-type variant, the SLAP frequency was higher than expected [χ2 (df = 4) = 14.9, p = 0.005] with a higher risk of developing a type I SLAP (p = 0.0003). In the adherent-type variant, the type II SLAP frequency was higher than expected [χ2 (df = 3) = 18.1, p = 0.0004] with a higher risk of developing type II SLAP (p = 0.0001). Two cases of "split" (SPL) long head biceps tendon had III and type IV SLAP, respectively. These patients have a higher risk for type IV SLAP [odds ratio (OR) 19.562, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.604-238.541, p = 0.001]. An increased risk of developing SLAP type II was calculated for male subjects (OR 3.479, 95% CI 1.013-11.951, p = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS: It is possible that adherence of the long head biceps tendon to the supraspinatus more often predisposes to a lesion of the superior glenoid labrum (SLAP), in view of the close relationships between the fibrocartilage and the bicipital anchor, probably related to the limited excursion of the intraarticular long head biceps tendon.
Assuntos
Lesões do Ombro , Articulação do Ombro , Artrografia , Artroscopia , Humanos , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Lesões do Ombro/patologia , Articulação do Ombro/diagnóstico por imagem , Articulação do Ombro/cirurgia , Tendões/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long-term evolution of matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation (MACI) with magnetic resonance (MR) arthrography and verify the correlation between radiological and clinical findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-six patients (20 m/6f) were diagnosed with knee chondral injuries and treated with MACI implantation. Each patient received MR arthrography and clinical examination at mid-term (range 22-36 months) and long term (range 96-194 months) after surgery. MR arthrography was performed with dedicated coil and a 1.5-Tesla MR unit. The modified MOCART scale was used to evaluate the status of chondral implants. Implant coating, integration to the border zone, and the surface and structure of the repaired tissue were evaluated. Presence of bone marrow oedema was evaluated. The Cincinnati Knee Rating System (CKRS) was used for clinical assessment. RESULTS: At long term, 4/26 patients had complete alignment; 5/26 had a complete integration of the margins; in 4/26 cases, the implant surface was undamaged; in 14/26 cases, the reparative tissue was homogeneous. In 9/26 cases, the implant showed isointense signal compared to articular cartilage, while the presence of subchondral bone oedema was documented in 19/26 cases. The average radiological score decreased from 59.2 (mid-term) to 38.6 (long term). The average clinical score decreased from 8.9 to 8.3. CONCLUSIONS: Decrease in clinical results was not significant (0.6 points p = .06), but mMOCART scores decreased significantly (p = .00003). Although imaging studies showed deterioration of the grafts, the patients did not have significant clinical deterioration (231/250).
Assuntos
Cartilagem Articular , Artrografia , Cartilagem Articular/diagnóstico por imagem , Cartilagem Articular/cirurgia , Condrócitos , Seguimentos , Humanos , Articulação do Joelho/diagnóstico por imagem , Articulação do Joelho/cirurgia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Transplante Autólogo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
PURPOSE: To study distractive muscle injuries applying US and MRI specific classifications and to find if any correlation exists between the results and the return to sport (RTS) time. The second purpose is to evaluate which classification has the best prognostic value and if the lesions extension correlates with the RTS time. METHODS: A total of 26 male, professional soccer players (age 21.3 ± 5.6), diagnosed with traumatic muscle injury of the lower limbs, received ultrasound and MRI evaluation within 2 days from the trauma. Concordance between US and MRI findings was investigated. The relationships between MRI and US based injury grading scales and RTS time were evaluated. Correlation between injuries' longitudinal extension and RTS time was also investigated. RESULTS: The correlation between US and MRI measurements returned a Spearman value of rs = 0.61 (p = .001). Peetrons and Mueller-Wohlfahrt grading scales correlations with RTS time were r = 0.43 (p = .02) and r = 0.83 (p = < .001). The lesion's extension correlation with RTS time was r = 0.63 (p < .001). The correlation between the site of the lesion and its location with the RTS time were rs = 0.2 and rs = 0.25. CONCLUSIONS: Both US and MRI can be used as prognostic indicators along with the Peetrons (US) and the Mueller-Wohlfahrt (MRI) classifications. MRI is more precise and generates more reproducible results. The lesion craniocaudal extension must be considered as a prognostic indicator, while the injury location inside the muscle or along its major axis has doubtful significance.
Assuntos
Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Músculo Esquelético/diagnóstico por imagem , Músculo Esquelético/lesões , Volta ao Esporte/estatística & dados numéricos , Futebol/lesões , Adolescente , Adulto , Traumatismos em Atletas/classificação , Traumatismos em Atletas/diagnóstico por imagem , Correlação de Dados , Humanos , Masculino , Prognóstico , Fatores de Tempo , Ultrassonografia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to analyse factors predicting the diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography (CT)-guided transthoracic fine-needle aspiration (TTFNA) for solid noncalcified, subsolid and mixed pulmonary nodules, with particular attention to those responsible for false negative results with a view to suggesting a method for their correction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 2007 to March 2010, we retrospectively reviewed the CT images of 198 patients of both sexes (124 males and 74 females; mean age, 70 years; range age, 44-90) used for the guidance of TTFNA of pulmonary nodules. Aspects considered were: lesion size and density, distance from the pleura, and lesion site. Multiplanar reformatted images (MPR) were retrospectively obtained in the sagittal and axial oblique planes relative to needle orientation. RESULTS: The overall diagnostic accuracy of TTFNA CT-guided biopsy was 86% for nodules between 0.7 and 3 cm, 83.3% for those between 0.7 and 1.5 cm, and 92% for those between 2 and 3 cm. Accuracy was 95.1% for solid pulmonary nodules, 84.6% for mixed nodules, and 66.6% for subsolid nodules. The diagnostic accuracy of CT-guided TTFNA in relation to the distance between the nodule and the pleural plane was 95.6% for lesions adhering to the pleura and 83.5% for central ones. The diagnostic accuracy was 84.2% for the pulmonary upper lobe nodules, 85.3% for the lower lobe and 90.9% for those in the lingula and middle lobe. In 75% of false negative and inadequate/insufficient cases the needle was found to lie outside the lesion, after reconstruction of the needle path by MPR. CONCLUSIONS: The positive predictive factors of CT-guided TTFNA are related to the nodule size, density and distance from the pleural plane. The most common negative predictive factor of CT-guided TTFNA is the wrong position of the needle tip, as observed in the sagittal and axial oblique sections of the MPR reconstructions. The diagnostic accuracy of CT-guided TTFNA can therefore be improved by using the MPR technique to plan the needle path during the FNA procedure.
Assuntos
Biópsia por Agulha Fina , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Radiografia Intervencionista , Nódulo Pulmonar Solitário/patologia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Interpretação de Imagem Radiográfica Assistida por Computador , Estudos Retrospectivos , Nódulo Pulmonar Solitário/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
Neurodegenerative disorders are an inhomogeneous group of neurological diseases that affect a large part of the population because of the rise in life expectancy. Although clinical manifestations are important to make the correct diagnosis, the new advanced imaging technique represent a very useful tool for the diagnostic work-up.
Assuntos
Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Doenças Neurodegenerativas/diagnóstico , Neuroimagem/métodos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos , Adulto , Idoso , Imagem de Difusão por Ressonância Magnética , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças Neurodegenerativas/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças Neurodegenerativas/patologiaRESUMO
Virchow-Robin spaces (VRS) are pial-lined, interstitial fluid-filled structures that do not directly communicate with the subarachnoid space, accompany penetrating arteries and veins and can be visualized on magnetic resonance imaging. This article reviews the imageology characteristics, the functions, the causes and the relation with neurological disorders of VRS.
Assuntos
Barreira Hematoencefálica/ultraestrutura , Encefalopatias/patologia , Artérias Cerebrais/ultraestrutura , Veias Cerebrais/ultraestrutura , Neuroimagem/métodos , Adulto , Encefalopatias/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Dilatação Patológica , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Leucomalácia Periventricular/patologia , Esclerose Múltipla/patologia , Síndromes Neurocutâneas/patologia , Pia-Máter/ultraestrutura , Espaço Subaracnóideo/ultraestruturaRESUMO
Neuroendocrine tumors tend to grow slowly and are notoriously difficult to localize, at least in the early stages. Metastases are in most cases already present at the time of diagnosis. Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy improves detection of small and occult NET tumors. Intraoperative probe counting with a hand-held gamma probe can identify tumors even when they are small and impalpable, but receptor positive. This advanced operative approach may improve the survival of these patients.
Assuntos
Diagnóstico por Imagem/métodos , Tumores Neuroendócrinos/cirurgia , Radiografia Intervencionista/métodos , Biomarcadores Tumorais/análise , Humanos , Radioisótopos de Índio , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Estadiamento de Neoplasias/métodos , Tumores Neuroendócrinos/diagnóstico por imagem , Tumores Neuroendócrinos/tratamento farmacológico , Tumores Neuroendócrinos/secundário , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons/métodos , Cuidados Pós-Operatórios , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos , Receptores de Somatostatina/análise , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Somatostatina/análogos & derivados , Tomografia Computadorizada de Emissão de Fóton Único/métodos , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
Many radiopharmaceuticals have been successfully used in nuclear medicine to detect neuroendocrine tumors, and many of them are based on a specific mechanism of uptake, while others are non-specific probes. This "review" focuses on the clinical applications of metaiodobenzylguanidine, (111)In-pentreotide and positron emission tomography (PET) tracers. New avances in diagnostic imaging will be discussed. Molecular imaging serves these diagnostic functions and provides powerful means for non-invasively detecting disease.
Assuntos
Tumores Neuroendócrinos/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons/métodos , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos , Somatostatina/análogos & derivados , 3-Iodobenzilguanidina/farmacocinética , Neoplasias das Glândulas Suprarrenais/diagnóstico por imagem , Biomarcadores Tumorais/análise , Carcinoma Medular/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Gastrointestinais/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Radioisótopos do Iodo , Tumores Neuroendócrinos/química , Feocromocitoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos/farmacocinética , Receptores de Somatostatina/análise , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Somatostatina/farmacocinética , Somatostatina/fisiologia , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada de Emissão de Fóton Único/métodosRESUMO
Colo-rectal cancer is the most common malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract and is the third frequency for malignancy in humans. CT and MRI development allows an early diagnosis and a modulation of the therapeutic approach. Many papers seem to confirm the role of PET/CT and virtual colonography in the evaluation of primary lesions. The PET/CT appears mode accurate in assessing lymph node metastases. Today, new approaches such as virtual colonoscopy and PET/CT open new horizons in the diagnosis and staging of cancer of the colon and rectum.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/diagnóstico , Colonografia Tomográfica Computadorizada/métodos , Neoplasias Colorretais/diagnóstico , Imagem Multimodal/métodos , Estadiamento de Neoplasias/métodos , Adenocarcinoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Adenocarcinoma/secundário , Neoplasias Colorretais/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Metástase Linfática , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Estudos Prospectivos , Cintilografia , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
Bone is one of the most common metastasis sites from solid tumors. Bone pain due to metastatic neoplastic growth is due to tumor infiltration and expansion of bone membranes. Treatment of acute and chronic pain represents one of the greatest problems in clinical oncology, requiring a multidisciplinary approach. This review focuses on the effectiveness of conventional diagnostic radiology and nuclear medicine for the detection, management and treatment of pain from bone metastasis.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Ósseas/secundário , Manejo da Dor/métodos , Dor/etiologia , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons/métodos , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos/uso terapêutico , Tomografia Computadorizada de Emissão de Fóton Único/métodos , Dor Aguda/diagnóstico , Dor Aguda/diagnóstico por imagem , Dor Aguda/etiologia , Dor Aguda/radioterapia , Doenças da Medula Óssea/etiologia , Neoplasias Ósseas/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Ósseas/fisiopatologia , Neoplasias Ósseas/radioterapia , Dor Crônica/diagnóstico , Dor Crônica/diagnóstico por imagem , Dor Crônica/etiologia , Dor Crônica/radioterapia , Radioisótopos de Flúor , Fluordesoxiglucose F18 , Humanos , Imagem Multimodal/métodos , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Dor/diagnóstico , Dor/diagnóstico por imagem , Dor/radioterapia , Cuidados Paliativos , Lesões por Radiação/etiologia , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos/efeitos adversos , Medronato de Tecnécio Tc 99m/análogos & derivados , Imagem Corporal TotalRESUMO
Metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) was developed initially as a tracer for oncological imaging; when labeled with 123 I or 131 I, it may detect APUDomas, such as pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas. In the last years, MIBG has found an important role also in neurology and cardiology, as cardiac innervation tracer. Actually, MIBG cardiac imaging is a universally accepted method to estimate cardiac sympathetic innervations. This review covers the role of MIBG cardiac imaging in Parkinson disease and parkinsonisms, from the pathophysiological premises for cardiac denervation to new emerging data.
Assuntos
3-Iodobenzilguanidina , Sistema de Condução Cardíaco/diagnóstico por imagem , Coração/inervação , Radioisótopos do Iodo , Transtornos Parkinsonianos/diagnóstico por imagem , Terminações Pré-Sinápticas/diagnóstico por imagem , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos , Fibras Simpáticas Pós-Ganglionares/diagnóstico por imagem , Sistema Nervoso Simpático/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada de Emissão de Fóton Único/métodos , 3-Iodobenzilguanidina/farmacocinética , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Radioisótopos do Iodo/farmacocinética , Doença por Corpos de Lewy/diagnóstico , Atrofia de Múltiplos Sistemas/diagnóstico , Doença de Parkinson/diagnóstico por imagem , Doença de Parkinson/fisiopatologia , Transtornos Parkinsonianos/fisiopatologia , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos/farmacocinética , Paralisia Supranuclear Progressiva/diagnóstico , SimpatectomiaRESUMO
Bone is the third common site of distant metastases in cancer patients. Bone metastases may have implications for prognosis, quality of life, and local and systemic therapy. Numerous imaging modalities may be used to detect bone metastases. The two main anatomical modalities are computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), with many variants proposed for the MRI procedure, including diffusion-weighted imaging. The two main functional modalities are scintigraphy and PET/CT, also with many variants in the radiopharmaceuticals. Aim of our paper is to review the most important radio-compounds that can be successfully used to detect and/or characterize bone metastases.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Ósseas/secundário , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos , Medula Óssea/patologia , Neoplasias Ósseas/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Ósseas/patologia , Imagem de Difusão por Ressonância Magnética , Radioisótopos de Flúor , Fluordesoxiglucose F18 , Humanos , Tomografia Computadorizada Multidetectores , Imagem Multimodal/métodos , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Cintilografia , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
In the study of inflammatory kidney diseases, the use of integrated imaging is considered the best diagnostic approach. However, given the high cost of radiological examinations, the radiologist is responsible for the choice of the best method to solve the question asked by the clinician. In this paper are presented the main imaging methods for the study of pyelonephritis and, based on our experience, it is emphasized the role of multidetector Computed Tomography urographic technique in the identification, characterization and subsequent follow-up of inflammatory kidney diseases.
Assuntos
Tomografia Computadorizada Multidetectores/métodos , Pielonefrite/diagnóstico por imagem , Urografia/métodos , Idoso , Meios de Contraste , Feminino , Humanos , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Imageamento Tridimensional , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Urolitíase/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
Ultrasound examination of the testis is the imaging modality of choice for the evaluation of intratesticular focal lesions. In spite of its high sensibility, eco-Doppler-elastography is lacking of specificity in discrimination between benign and malign lesions, not always allowing us to make a definitive diagnosis of malignancy. When a diagnostic doubt persists, for such lesions that are indeterminate at clinical and radiological evaluation, it is possible to recur to ultrasound-guided testicular needle biopsy. This paper describes the main application scenarios of testicular fine-needle aspiration under ultrasound guidance and the experience in our institute.