RESUMO
In this finite element study the stresses between a stem component of a cementless hip endoprosthesis (Young modulus of Co-Cr-Mo) and the human femur were calculated for two different loading types. Linear and non-linear models were used to simulate the interface implant bone. Two models, a stem with a porous coated surface over the entire length and a stem with a porous coated surface in the proximal region were compared regarding the load transmission to the femur. An additional calculation of an 'isoelastic' stem (Young modulus of cortical bone) was done to show the influence of the stem stiffness. A porous coated surface over the entire length causes principal shear stresses up to 2.75 MPa in the distal-medial region during level walking. The highest compressive stresses were calculated in the proximal-lateral region as 1.5 MPa in cancellous bone. A more physiological load transmission is obtained by limiting the coated area to the proximal region. All stresses in the two models are lower than experimentally evaluated strengths in the interface between implant and bone. A strong influence of the Young modulus of the stem material on the interface stresses was found. An 'isoelastic' stem causes compressive stresses in the proximal-lateral region whose values exceed the experimental strength of cancellous bone.
Assuntos
Prótese de Quadril , Modelos Teóricos , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Cimentos Ósseos , Desenho de Prótese , Estresse MecânicoRESUMO
In this article technical problems of surface-structured endoprostheses for cementless implantation are discussed. On the basis of four prostheses (two hip and two knee endoprostheses) various different porous coating technologies are compared. One sintered sphere layer, a cast sphere layer, a cast layer with "spongy-bone" structure and a plasma sprayed coating were compared. The quality of the bonding between the prosthesis and the porous surface layer was examined metallographically using polished specimens, with additional investigation of fraction surfaces of special tension test specimens. Additional information is given on the notch effect of the different coatings, in terms of a reduction in fatigue strength. The notch sensitivity differs for each material, and the reduction in fatigue strength is discussed for different implant alloys and different technologies for surface structuring. The investigation shows that the present quality of surface-structured endoprostheses is not satisfactory. We would like to thank the Dr. Johannes Heidenhain Foundation for financial support of this research.
Assuntos
Prótese de Quadril , Prótese do Joelho , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Humanos , Desenho de Prótese , Propriedades de SuperfícieRESUMO
Despite the increasing use of orthopaedic implants, there is still a lack of adequate testing procedures and legal guidelines. Examples of the consequences of this neglect are given. Modern techniques for the calculation of stresses (finite element method [FEM]) and the prediction of life cycle duration are presented. Such methods, applied in the development and manufacturing phases of standard and special implants, may ensure an adequate prosthetic life cycle, with particular emphasis being placed on the biomedical optimization of the implant/bone interface and surrounding bone.