RESUMO
Circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) contribute substantially to the HIV-1 pandemic. Among 105 CRFs described in the literature, 16 are BF intersubtype recombinants, most of South American origin, of which CRF12_BF is the most widely spread. A BF recombinant cluster identified in Bolivia was suggested to represent a new CRF_BF. Here we find that it belongs to a larger cluster incorporating 39 viruses collected in 7 countries from 3 continents, 22 of them in Spain, most from Bolivian or Peruvian individuals, and 12 in South America (Bolivia, Argentina, and Peru). This BF cluster comprises three major subclusters, two associated with Bolivian and one with Peruvian individuals. Near full-length genome sequence analyses of nine viruses, collected in Spain, Bolivia, and Peru, revealed coincident BF mosaic structures, with 13 breakpoints, 6 and 7 of which coincided with CRF12_BF and CRF17_BF, respectively. In a phylogenetic tree, they grouped in a clade closely related to these CRFs, and more distantly to CRF38_BF and CRF44_BF, all circulating in South America. These results allowed to identify a new HIV-1 CRF, designated CRF89_BF. Through phylodynamic analyses, CRF89_BF emergence was estimated in Bolivia around 1986. CRF89_BF is the fifth CRF member of the HIV-1 recombinant family related to CRF12_BF.
Assuntos
Variação Genética , Genoma Viral , Infecções por HIV/genética , HIV-1/genética , Filogenia , Recombinação Genética , Adulto , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise de Sequência de DNA , América do Sul/epidemiologiaRESUMO
La resistencia a hormonas tiroideas, descrita por Refetoff en 1967, es un desorden genético autosómico dominante. Se caracteriza por una respuesta reducida de los tejidos blandos a la hormona tiroidea con incremento de niveles de tiroxina libre sin inhibición de la hormona tirotropa, como consecuencia de mutaciones presentes en el gen receptor beta de la hormona tiroidea (rTHβ) en el 85% de los casos. Es una entidad poco frecuente y el diagnóstico definitivo se basa en el estudio genético. Presentamos el caso de una probable nueva mutación en el gen rTHβ (AU9
Resistance to thyroid hormone, described by Refetoff in 1967, it is an autosomic dominant genetic disorder. It is characterised by a reduced soft-tissue response to thyroid hormone action, associated with increased free thyroxin (FT4) levels with no thyrotrophic hormone inhibition, as a consequence of mutations present in thyroid hormone receptor beta gen (rTHβ) in 85% of cases. It is a rare disease and the definitive diagnostic is based on a genetic study (AU)