The dyadic effects of racial discrimination: Using latent class analysis to explore patterns of racial discrimination among Black parent-adolescent dyads.

OBJECTIVES: This study examines whether Black parents' and adolescents' experiences with racial discrimination (RD) combine to create distinguishable subgroups, whether demographic variables predicted membership into the derived subgroups, and whether membership into these subgroups influence parents' and adolescents' mental health and family social support. METHOD: Using data from Black parent-adolescent dyads (n = 401), a three-step latent class analytic approach was employed to examine study objectives. RESULTS: Four distinguishable parent-adolescent subgroups were identified based on who experienced RD: (1) both parent and adolescent (parent-adolescent RD subgroup), (2) parent only (parent RD subgroup), (3) adolescent only (adolescent RD subgroup), and (4) neither parent nor adolescent (no parent-adolescent RD subgroup). Demographic variables did not predict membership into the subgroups. Parents and adolescents not exposed to RD generally had fewer psychological symptoms and more family social support than subgroups with RD exposure. The parent-adolescent RD subgroup conferred additional risk for poor mental health outcomes and less family social support for adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: Findings underscore the value of measuring patterns of RD and its consequences among family members. By not considering the influence of family members' experiences, the negative psychological and social consequences of RD may be underestimated. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

"It Will Always Feel Worse Because it Comes with That Added 'Betrayal'": Intersectionality Praxis and Black Young Women Survivors' Perspectives on Cultural Betrayal Trauma Theory.

Because of interlocking oppressions of racism and sexism (e.g. intersectionality), Black women's experiences of high rates of sexual violence are often ignored. A critical Black feminist framework, cultural betrayal trauma theory (CBTT) examines within-group violence in the Black community, which has compounding harm due to inequality. Though quantitative research has found support for CBTT, Black young women survivors' perspectives have not been examined. Therefore, the purpose of the current exploratory study was to engage in intersectionality praxis to qualitatively examine Black young women survivors' perspectives on CBTT through structured thematic analysis and coding based on theory. Respondents (N = 37; 18-30 years), provided their thoughts on CBTT following participating in a quantitative study. With most survivors in agreement that cultural betrayal in trauma is harmful, a key theme was community orientation in understanding both the harm and healing of cultural betrayal trauma. Black young women survivors' resonance with CBTT, as well as their recommendations for community-level solidarity and healing have important implications.

Spiritual care for combat trauma: A qualitative evaluation of REBOOT Combat Recovery.

Combat trauma experienced in a warzone can hamper the physical, mental, and spiritual health of military service members and Veterans for years afterward. Spiritual care for combat trauma is designed to help service members and Veterans find meaning and purpose in their experiences. One such spiritual care program is REBOOT Combat Recovery, a 12-week, Christian-based course led by trained volunteers across the country. An in-depth investigation of the REBOOT program is needed to advance knowledge of spiritual care for combat trauma and to assess the course in attendees' own words. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 40 course graduates. Experiences of the course were positive. Interviewees identified the program's emphasis on peer fellowship, spirituality, and the roots of distress as reasons for its effectiveness (RQ1). The most helpful aspects of the program involved the hospitality and family focus; targets for improvement included maintaining fidelity to the curriculum and offering opportunities for continuity upon graduation (RQ2). Interviewees described a variety of ways the course affected their view of self, their relationship with God and others, and their perceptions of combat trauma (RQ3). These findings are valuable for enriching spiritual care, in general, and enhancing the REBOOT Combat Recovery program, in particular.

Suicide Ideation and Self-Harm Behaviors in First-Year Dormitory Students at a Public Midwestern University: A Pilot Study.

Purpose: Currently, 1 in 5 college students struggle with suicidal ideation while 7% to 44% engage in nonsuicidal self-injury. Illinois has one of the highest teenage and college student suicide rates in the United States. This pilot study assessed suicide ideation and self-harm behaviors at a public Illinois university. This is the first study to use 5 standardized psychological instruments to investigate these 2 crises in freshmen college students who are all required to reside in dormitories. The main hypothesis was to determine if the independent effects of freshmen students' depression, Five-Factor Model, and Reasons for Living affected the dependent variables, self-harm behaviors and suicide ideation. Methods: Forty first-year college dormitory students completed the Beck Depression Inventory-II, Scale of Suicidal Ideation, Five-Factor Model, Inventory of Statements About Self-Injury, and Reasons for Living Scale in person. Results: Participants were 18 to 19 years old, predominantly female (65%), and non-White (62%). Forty percent reported self-harm behaviors and 19% reported suicidal ideation. The top reasons for contemplated suicide attempts included the inability to solve problems (33%) and attention/revenge (28%). Students experienced high levels of anxiety (55%), self-consciousness (43%), and depression (18%). Depression was associated with suicide ideation (ß = 0.05, P = .006), while neuroticism and openness were associated with self-harm behaviors (aOR = 3.36, P = .02, aOR = 0.48, P = .047, respectively). Ninety-five percent reported "responsibility to family" as a Reason for Living. Conclusions: Preliminary evidence necessitates an examination of self-harm and suicide ideation among all freshmen, investigating both risk and protective factors. In the future, a prevention intervention should be implemented campus-wide (and eventually nationwide) for all first-year dormitory students to enhance their mental well-being.