Bedside Drainage of Perianal Abscesses: Is It Safe and Effective?

BACKGROUND: Perianal abscesses require immediate incision and drainage (I&D). However, prompt bedside drainage is controversial as it may compromise exposure and thorough anal examination. OBJECTIVES: To examine outcomes of bedside I&D of perianal abscesses in the emergency department (ED) vs. the operating room (OR). METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of all patients presented to the ED with a perianal abscesses between January 2018 and March 2020. Patients with Crohn's disease, horseshoe or recurrent abscesses were excluded. RESULTS: The study comprised 248 patients; 151 (60.89%) underwent I&D in the OR and 97 (39.11%) in the ED. Patients elected to bedside I&D had smaller abscess sizes (P = 0.01), presented with no fever, and had lower rates of inflammatory markers. The interval time from diagnosis to intervention was significantly shorter among the bedside I&D group 2.13 ± 2.34 hours vs. 10.41 ± 8.48 hours (P < 0.001). Of patients who underwent I&D in the OR, 7.3% had synchronous fistulas, whereas none at bedside had (P = 0.007). At median follow-up of 24 months, recurrence rate of abscess and fistula formation in patients treated in the ED were 11.3% and 6.2%, respectively, vs. 19.9% and 15.23% (P = 0.023, 0.006). Fever (OR 5.71, P = 0.005) and abscess size (OR 1.7, P = 0.026) at initial presentation were risk factors for late fistula formation. CONCLUSIONS: Bedside I&D significantly shortens waiting time and does not increase the rates of long-term complications in patients with small primary perianal abscesses.

Extra Peritoneal Packing for Exsanguinating Pelvic Hemorrhage: Should We Do It in the Emergency Department?

BACKGROUND: Extra peritoneal packing (EPP) is a quick and highly effective method to control pelvic hemorrhage. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether EPP can be as safely and efficiently performed in the emergency department (ED) as in the operating room (OR). METHODS: Retrospective study of 29 patients who underwent EPP in the ED or OR in two trauma centers in Israel 2008-2018. RESULTS: Our study included 29 patients, 13 in the ED-EPP group and 16 in the OR-EPP group. The mean injury severity score (ISS) was 34.9 ± 11.8. Following EPP, hemodynamic stability was successfully achieved in 25 of 29 patients (86.2%). A raise in the mean arterial pressure (MAP) with a median of 25 mmHg (mean 30.0 ± 27.5, P < 0.001) was documented. All patients who did not achieve hemodynamic stability after EPP had multiple sources of bleeding or fatal head injury and eventually succumbed. Patients who underwent EPP in the ED showed higher change in MAP (P = 0.0458). The overall mortality rate was 27.5% (8/29) with no difference between the OR and ED-EPP. No differences were found between ED and OR-EPP in the amount of transfused blood products, surgical site infections, and length of stay in the hospital. However, patients who underwent ED-EPP were more prone to develop deep vein thrombosis (DVT): 50% (5/10) vs. 9% (1/11) in ED and OR-EPP groups respectively (P = 0.038). CONCLUSIONS: EPP is equally effective when performed in the ED or OR with similar surgical site infection rates but higher incidence of DVT.

Long-Term Bowel Function after Transanal Minimally Invasive Surgery (TAMIS).

BACKGROUND: Transanal minimally invasive surgery (TAMIS) is a single port access platform used for full thickness local excision of rectal lesions. It is an appealing alternative to a radical resection of rectum that often can cause a significant bowel dysfunction described as low anterior resection syndrome (LARS). LARS is evaluated using a validated score. Functional outcomes of patients undergoing TAMIS has not yet been evaluated using the LARS score. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate long-term bowel function in patients who underwent TAMIS. METHODS: In this case series, all patients who underwent TAMIS in a single tertiary institute between 2011 and 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. We evaluated bowel function using the LARS score questionnaire through telephone interviews. RESULTS: The study consisted of 23 patients, average age of 67 ± 6.98 year; 72% were male. The median follow-up from the time of surgery was 5 years. Six patients (26.08%) had malignant type lesions. The average height of the lesion from the anal verge was 7.4 cm. The average size of the specimen was 4 cm. The total LARS score revealed that 17 patients (73.91%) had no definitive LAR syndrome following the surgery. Four patients (17.39%) fit the description of minor LARS and only two (8.69%) presented with major LARS. CONCLUSIONS: TAMIS provides relatively good long-term functional outcomes in terms of bowel function. Further randomized studies with larger cohorts are still needed to better evaluate the outcomes.

Conversion for failed adjustable gastric banding warrants hiatal scrutiny for hiatal hernia.

BACKGROUND: Failure or complications following laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) may necessitate band removal and conversional surgery. Band position and band-induced chronic vomiting create ideal conditions for de novo hiatal hernia (HH) formation. HH presence impedes and complicates conversional surgery by obscuring crucial anatomical landmarks and hindering precise gastric sleeve or pouch formation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of a HH in patients with an LAGB undergoing conversion compared to patients undergoing primary bariatric surgery (BS). METHODS: Retrospective review of consecutive BS performed between 2010 and 2015. Data collected included demographics, anthropometrics, comorbidities, previous BS, preoperative and intra-operative HH detection, operation time, perioperative complications and length of hospital stay. RESULTS: During the study period, 2843 patients (36% males) underwent BS. Of these, 2615 patients (92%) were "primary" (no previous BS-control group), 197 (7%) had a previous LAGB (study group), and 31 (1%) had a different previous BS and were excluded. Reasons for conversion included weight regain, band intolerance and band-related complications. Mean age and body mass index were similar between the study and the control groups. HH was preoperatively diagnosed by upper gastrointestinal (UGI) fluoroscopy in 9.1% and 9.0% of the LAGB and control groups (p = NS), respectively. However, HH was detected intra-operatively in 20.3% and 7.3%, respectively (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative diagnosis of a HH by UGI fluoroscopy for patients who have undergone LAGB is unreliable. Intra-operative hiatal exploration is highly recommended in all cases of conversional BS after LAGB.

Increased risk for incisional hernia following cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy.

INTRODUCTION: The incidence of incisional hernias (IH) after midline laparotomy varies from 11% to 20%. Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS-HIPEC) is potentially prone to hernias because a Xiphoid to pubis laparotomy incision performed on patients who have undergone previous abdominal surgeries with the addition of chemotherapy and its related adverse effects. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis on a prospectively maintained single institution database from March 2015 to July 2020. The inclusion criteria were patients who underwent CRS-HIPEC and had at least 6 months postoperative follow-up with post-operative cross-sectional imaging study. RESULTS: Two hundred and one patients were included in the study. All patients underwent CRS-HIPEC with resection of previous scar and umbilectomy. Fifty-four patients were diagnosed with IH (26.9%). The major risk factors for IH in multivariate analysis were higher American society of Anesthesiologists score (ASA) (OR 3.9, P = 0.012), increasing age (OR 1.06, P = 0.004) and increasing BMI (OR 1.1, P = 0.006). Most of the hernia sites were median (n = 43, 79.6%). Eleven (20.4%) patients had lateral hernias due to stoma incisions or drain sites. Most of the median hernias were at the level of the resected umbilicus 58.9% (n = 23). Five (9.3%) of the patients with IH necessitated an urgent surgical repair. CONCLUSION: We have demonstrated that more than a quarter of the patients after CRS-HIPEC suffer from IH and up to 10% of them may require surgical intervention. More research is needed to find the appropriate intraoperative interventions to minimize this sequela.

Pouch Salvage of Long Rectal Cuff Syndrome: Excision of Retained Rectum and Mesorectum With Conversion to Ileoanal Anastomosis.

The diagnosis of long rectal cuff syndrome may be considered in patients with persistent rectal bleeding after ileal pouch­anal anastomosis. Pouch salvage with excision of residual rectum and conversion to an ileoanal anastomosis offers patients the chance to achieve stoma-free survival.

Postoperative Outcomes, Weight Loss Predictors, and Late Gastrointestinal Symptoms Following Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the outcomes, weight loss predictors, and gastrointestinal symptoms of patients after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). METHODS: The postoperative medical status of the patients was obtained retrospectively using a questionnaire and was compared to existing medical data before the surgery. RESULTS: We included 201 candidates, 178 patients completed mean of 3 years of follow-up. Mean excess body weight loss (%EWL) was 65.14% ± 15.74 at 6 months, 78.53% ± 20.28 at 12 months, and 74.32% ± 23.92 at 3 years after LSG. Older age (P = 0.018), higher baseline BMI (P = 0.003), and higher number of medications (P < 0.001) were negative predictors for EWL%. Total weekly hours of physical activity was found to be a positive predictor for EWL% (P = 0.008). Remission rates of co-morbidities were 83.5% for dyslipidemia (P < 0.001), 65.8% for hypertension (P < 0.001), 62.1% for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (P < 0.001), and 60.7% for gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) (P < 0.001). Late gastrointestinal symptoms were as follows: emesis in 25.9%, constipation in 24.7%, diarrhea in 4.5%, food intolerance in 22.5% and alopecia in 42.7% of the patients. CONCLUSION: Our study shows LSG as a potential tool in achieving almost 75% of EWL% with significant remission of co-morbidities, along with various late gastrointestinal symptoms.