Instruments for Evaluating the Nutritional Status of Cancer Patients Undergoing Antineoplastic Treatment: A Scoping Review.

The use of validated tools to evaluate the nutritional status of the cancer patient provides guaranteed precision and reliability in their nutritional evaluation, ensuring that the information is accurate and reflects the patient's situation. The aim of this study was to identify the valid and reliable instruments in the evaluation of the nutritional status of cancer patients with a diagnosis of solid tumor undergoing antineoplastic treatment (chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy). A scoping review was conducted to search for original articles published in scientific journals in English, Spanish, or Portuguese in the past five years. In order to identify potentially relevant documents, searches were performed in the following databases: SCOPUS, WOS, CINAHL, MEDLINE, BVS, and PUBMED. DECS-MeSH descriptors and Boolean operators were used. In addition, the Arksey and O'Malley protocol, the Joanne Briggs Institute (JBI) method, and the flow chart of the Preferred Information Elements for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, known as PRISMA, were followed. The initial search strategy identified a total of 164 references, which were examined successively, leaving a final selection of ten studies. It was found that the most used instrument for nutritional evaluation was the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA). Other questionnaires also stood out such as the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST), the Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS 2002), and the Functional Assessment of Anorexia/Cachexia Therapy (FAACT). The variation in the tools used ranges from subjective assessments to objective measurements, thus underlining the need for a comprehensive and individualized approach.

[Community resources prescription for self-care improvement in chronic illnesses. Clinical case management in Primary Health Care]. / Prescripción de recursos comunitarios para la mejora del autocuidado en enfermedades crónicas. Gestión de un caso clínico en Atención Primaria.

A case is presented of a 52 year-old male seen in a Primary Care nursing clinic for a type 2 diabetes mellitus metabolic control. The frequency of the visits increased due to perceived difficulties caused by changing the medical treatment. A focused interview was conducted under functional health patterns framework. The patient was unable to write or read, had not worked for the last 25 years, and expressed a lack of control over his self-care. An action plan was prepared, prioritizing Ineffective Health Maintenance, Powerlessness, and Impaired Social Interaction NANDA-I nursing diagnoses. The goals were set at improving knowledge and control over his disease and participating in leisure activities. To achieve these, the social health resources in the area were contacted, and agreed that the patient could attend activities that could improve his self-care and his quality of life. An improvement in his diabetes control was observed in the following evaluations, with an increase in his level of knowledge and self-care. The Primary Health care nurse should consider available community resources by using a comprehensive approach to chronic diseases for their therapeutic benefit and management, especially in those patients with adverse sociocultural conditions.

Anticuerpos monoclonales biespecíficos: Cuidados de enfermería a propósito de un caso / [Bispecific monoclonal antibodies: Nursing care regarding a case]

El cáncer sigue siendo una enfermedad de primera magnitud a nivel mundial y uno de los pilares para su supervivencia son los tratamientos antineoplásicos. En los últimos años se ha producido un gran avance habiendo descrito múltiples estrategias de desarrollo, para conseguir mayor actividad antitumoral y menor toxicidad. En este contexto cabe destacar el uso de los anticuerpos monoclonales, en concreto, en los anticuerpos monoclonales biespecíficos. Dada la complejidad de estos tipos de tratamientos y sus efectos secundarios, es necesaria la formación en cuidados de enfermería específicos, con profesionales que tengan los conocimientos necesarios para garantizar una vigilancia adecuada a estos pacientes. Es por ello que el objetivo principal de este estudio es generar un Plan de Cuidados de Enfermería a una paciente con diagnóstico de Linfoma B del alto grado, que ha recibido tratamiento con Epcoritamab en el Hospital Universitario de Canarias. Así, en este artículo se realizó una valoración de enfermería según los patrones funcionales de Marjory Gordon y se desarrolló un Plan de Cuidados Individualizado (PCI) centrado en los siguientes diagnósticos: náuseas, patrón respiratorio ineficaz, riesgo de shock y riesgo de confusión aguda. (AU)

La expresión no verbal y el lenguaje de pacientes con cáncer / Nonverbal Expressions And Language Of Oncological Patients

El cáncer es una enfermedad que demanda un gran número de recursos exigiendo no solo la eficacia sino también la eficiencia de las intervenciones que se realicen durante todo el proceso oncológico. Su diagnóstico puede ser considerado como un evento vital estresante que afectará tanto al individuo, como a su entorno familiar y social. Partiendo de este planteamiento, se deben considerar los aspectos físicos, psicológicos y sociales del fenómeno oncológico y, por consiguiente, un manejo integral y multidisciplinar. El objetivo general de este estudio se basa en observar las expresiones de los pacientes oncológicos con diagnósticos de tumores sólidos metastásicos (estado III – IV), que están en tratamiento con quimioterapia y/o inmunoterapia en la isla de Tenerife, en el Hospital Universitario de Canarias y el Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, durante las entrevistas para detectar alteraciones no manifestadas verbalmente. Para ello se ha realizado una investigación cualitativa y fenomenológica, de carácter multicéntrico desde noviembre de 2022 a mayo de 2023. La muestra fue constituida por 362 pacientes con previo consentimiento informado de los sujetos de estudios. Se usó la entrevista semiestructurada procesada mediante análisis de contenido. Se tuvieron en cuenta los criterios de rigor científico y los principios de bioética personalista. Con relación a los resultados, se obtuvieron tres categorías donde se analizó lapercepción de la Calidad de Vida; la satisfacción hacia los profesionales sanitarios y las preocupaciones sobre el pronóstico de la enfermedad. Como conclusión, .... (AU)

Cancer is a disease that demands a large number of resources, demanding not only the effectiveness but also the efficiency of the interventions carried out throughout the oncological process. Its diagnosis can be considered a stressful life event that will affect both the individual and their family and social environment. Starting from this approach, the physical, psychological and social aspects of the oncological phenomenon must be considered and, consequently, a comprehensive and multidisciplinary management. The general objective of this study is based on observing the expressions of oncological patients with diagnoses of metastatic solid tumors (stage III – IV), who are being treated with chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy on the island of Tenerife, at the University Hospital of Canarias and the Nuestra Señora de Candelaria University Hospital, during the interviews to detect alterations not expressed verbally. For this, a qualitative and phenomenological investigation has been carried out, of a multicenter nature from November 2022 to May 2023. The sample was made up of 362 patients with prior informed consent from the study subjects. The semi-structured interview processed through content analysis was used. The criteria of scientific rigor and the principles of personalist bioethics were taken into account. In relation to the results, three categories were obtained where the perception of Quality of Life was analyzed; satisfaction with health professionals and concerns about the prognosis of the disease. In conclusion, the patients who participated in the study perceived the quality of life as a changing state depending on the time of the disease and the treatment, they highlighted the communication skills of the nurses and demanded a multidisciplinary team... (AU)

Prescripción de recursos comunitarios para la mejora del autocuidado en enfermedades crónicas. Gestión de un caso clínico en Atención Primaria / Community resources prescription for self-care improvement in chronic illnesses. Clinical case management in Primary Health Care

Se presenta el caso de un paciente varón de 52 años de edad que acude a consulta de enfermería de Atención Primaria para el control metabólico de diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Su frecuencia de visitas aumenta al percibir dificultades añadidas por cambio de tratamiento farmacológico. Se realiza entrevista focalizada, empleando el marco de patrones funcionales de salud, donde destaca que el paciente no sabe leer ni escribir, no trabaja desde hace 25 años y hay expresiones manifiestas de falta de control sobre su autocuidado. Se elabora un plan de actuación priorizando los diagnósticos enfermeros de NANDA-I Mantenimiento ineficaz de la salud, Impotencia y Deterioro de la interacción social. Los objetivos fueron orientados a la mejora de los conocimientos y control sobre su enfermedad y participación en actividades de ocio. Para ello, contactamos con los recursos sociosanitarios de la zona, acordando con el paciente la asistencia a aquellas actividades que, siendo de su interés, pudieran mejorar sus autocuidados y, en definitiva, su calidad de vida. En evaluaciones sucesivas se aprecia mejoría en el control de su enfermedad, con aumento de su nivel de conocimientos y autocuidado. Los profesionales de enfermería de Atención Primaria deben considerar los recursos comunitarios disponibles empleando un enfoque integral para el beneficio terapéutico y manejo de las enfermedades crónicas, especialmente en aquellos pacientes cuyas condiciones socioculturales sean desfavorables, como el caso que nos ocupa

A case is presented of a 52 year-old male seen in a Primary Care nursing clinic for a type 2 diabetes mellitus metabolic control. The frequency of the visits increased due to perceived difficulties caused by changing the medical treatment. A focused interview was conducted under functional health patterns framework. The patient was unable to write or read, had not worked for the last 25 years, and expressed a lack of control over his selfcare. An action plan was prepared, prioritizing Ineffective Health Maintenance, Powerlessness, and Impaired Social Interaction NANDA-I nursing diagnoses. The goals were set at improving knowledge and control over his disease and participating in leisure activities. To achieve these, the social health resources in the area were contacted, and agreed that the patient could attend activities that could improve his self-care and his quality of life. An improvement in his diabetes control was observed in the following evaluations, with an increase in his level of knowledge and self-care. The Primary Health care nurse should consider available community resources by using a comprehensive approach to chronic diseases for their therapeutic benefit and management, especially in those patients with adverse sociocultural condition