Integrating energy and environmental management in wood furniture industry.

As energy costs continue to rise, industrial plants (even those of energy nonintensive industries such as furniture industry) need effective way to reduce the amount of energy they consume. Besides, there are a number of economic and environmental reasons why a company should consider environmental management initiatives. This paper provides a detailed guideline for implementing joint energy and environmental management system in wood furniture industrial company. It covers in detail all essential aspects of the system: initial system assessment, organization, policy development, energy and environmental auditing, action plan development, system promotion, checking system performance, and management review.

Characteristics of Biogas Production and Synergistic Effect of Primary Sludge and Food Waste Co-Digestion.

Co-digestion implementation in wastewater treatment plants enhances biogas yield, so this research investigated the optimal ratio of biodegradable waste and sewage sludge. The increase in biogas production was investigated through batch tests using basic BMP equipment, while synergistic effects were evaluated by chemical oxygen demand (COD) balance. Analyses were performed in four volume basis ratios (3/1, 1/1, 1/3, 1/0) of primary sludge and food waste with added low food waste: 3.375%, 4.675%, and 5.35%, respectively. The best proportion was found to be 1/3 with the maximum biogas production (618.7 mL/g VS added) and the organic removal of 52.8% COD elimination. The highest enhancement rate was observed among co-digs 3/1 and 1/1 (105.72 mL/g VS). A positive correlation between biogas yield and COD removal is noticed while microbial flux required an optimal pH, value of 8 significantly decreased daily production rate. COD reductions further supported the synergistic impact; specifically, an additional 7.1%, 12.8%, and 17% of COD were converted into biogas during the co-digestions 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Three mathematical models were applied to estimate the kinetic parameters and check the accuracy of the experiment. The first-order model with a hydrolysis rate of 0.23-0.27 indicated rapidly biodegradable co-/substrates, modified Gompertz confirmed immediate commencement of co-digs through zero lag phase, while the Cone model had the best fit of over 99% for all trials. Finally, the study points out that the COD method based on linear dependence can be used for developing relatively accurate model for biogas potential estimation in anaerobic digestors. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12155-023-10620-8.