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1.
Ophthalmology ; 123(10): 2127-36, 2016 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27506485

RESUMO

PURPOSE: To evaluate the short-term effectiveness of overminus spectacles in improving control of childhood intermittent exotropia (IXT). DESIGN: Randomized, clinical trial. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 58 children aged 3 to <7 years with IXT. Eligibility criteria included a distance control score of 2 or worse (mean of 3 measures during a single examination) on a scale of 0 (exophoria) to 5 (constant exotropia) and spherical equivalent refractive error between -6.00 diopters (D) and +1.00 D. METHODS: Children were randomly assigned to overminus spectacles (-2.50 D over cycloplegic refraction) or observation (non-overminus spectacles if needed or no spectacles) for 8 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was distance control score for each child (mean of 3 measures during a single examination) assessed by a masked examiner at 8 weeks. Outcome testing was conducted with children wearing their study spectacles or plano spectacles for the children in the observation group who did not need spectacles. The primary analysis compared mean 8-week distance control score between treatment groups using an analysis of covariance model that adjusted for baseline distance control, baseline near control, prestudy spectacle wear, and prior IXT treatment. Treatment side effects were evaluated using questionnaires completed by parents. RESULTS: At 8 weeks, mean distance control was better in the 27 children treated with overminus spectacles than in the 31 children who were observed without treatment (2.0 vs. 2.8 points, adjusted difference = -0.75 points favoring the overminus group; 2-sided 95% confidence interval, -1.42 to -0.07 points). Side effects of headaches, eyestrain, avoidance of near activities, and blur appeared similar between treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: In a pilot randomized clinical trial, overminus spectacles improved distance control at 8 weeks in children aged 3 to <7 years with IXT. A larger and longer randomized trial is warranted to assess the effectiveness of overminus spectacles in treating IXT, particularly the effect on control after overminus treatment has been discontinued.


Assuntos
Exotropia/terapia , Óculos , Refração Ocular/fisiologia , Acuidade Visual , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Desenho de Equipamento , Exotropia/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Inquéritos e Questionários , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento
2.
J Econ Entomol ; 108(3): 1260-70, 2015 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26470254

RESUMO

Seed blends containing various ratios of transgenic Bt maize (Zea mays L.) expressing the mCry3A+eCry3.1Ab proteins and non-Bt maize (near-isoline maize) were deployed alone and in combination with a soil applied pyrethroid insecticide (Force CS) to evaluate the emergence of the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, in a total of nine field environments across the Midwestern United States in 2010 and 2011. Northern corn rootworm, Diabrotica barberi Smith & Lawrence emergence was also evaluated in four of these environments. Both western and northern corn rootworm beetle emergence from all Bt treatments was significantly reduced when compared with beetle emergence from near-isoline treatments. Averaged across all environments, western corn rootworm beetle emergence from 95:5, 90:10, and 80:20 seed blend ratios of mCry3A+eCry3.1Ab: near-isoline were 2.6-, 4.2-, and 6.7-fold greater than that from the 100:0 ratio treatment. Northern corn rootworm emergence from the same seed blend treatments resulted in 2.8-, 3.2-, and 4.2-fold more beetles than from the 100:0 treatment. The addition of Force CS (tefluthrin) significantly reduced western corn rootworm beetle emergence for each of the three treatments to which it was applied. Force CS also significantly delayed the number of days to 50% beetle emergence in western corn rootworms. Time to 50% beetle emergence in the 100% mCry3A+eCry3.1Ab treatment with Force CS was delayed 13.7 d when compared with western corn rootworm beetle emergence on near-isoline corn. These data are discussed in terms of rootworm resistance management.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Bactérias/farmacologia , Besouros/efeitos dos fármacos , Endotoxinas/farmacologia , Proteínas Hemolisinas/farmacologia , Controle Biológico de Vetores , Zea mays/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Animais , Bacillus thuringiensis/genética , Toxinas de Bacillus thuringiensis , Besouros/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Besouros/fisiologia , Ciclopropanos/farmacologia , Hidrocarbonetos Fluorados/farmacologia , Inseticidas/farmacologia , Larva/efeitos dos fármacos , Larva/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Larva/fisiologia , Zea mays/genética
3.
J Econ Entomol ; 106(5): 1941-51, 2013 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24224233

RESUMO

A 2-yr field experiment was conducted to determine the effects on Diabrotica spp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) of an insecticidal seed treatment (Poncho 1250, (AI)/clothianidin) and a granular insecticide (Aztec 2.1G, (AI)/tebupirimphos and cyfluthrin) alone and in combination with maize producing the insectidical toxin Cry3Bb1 derived from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). Yields for Bt maize plots were significantly greater than for non-Bt maize; however, insecticides did not significantly affect yield. Insecticides significantly decreased root injury in non-Bt maize plots, but there were no significant differences in root injury between Bt maize with or without either insecticide. Maize producing the Bt toxin Cry3Bb1 and the soil-applied insecticide Aztec significantly decreased survival of western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte), while only Bt maize significantly decreased survival of the northern corn rootworm (Diabrotica barberi Smith & Lawrence). For both species, Bt maize and each of the insecticides delayed emergence. In the absence of density-dependent mortality, Bt maize imposed 71 and 80% reduction in survival on the western corn rootworm and the northern corn rootworm, respectively. The data from this study do not support combining insecticide with Bt maize because the addition of insecticide did not increase yield or reduce root injury for Bt maize, and the level of rootworm mortality achieved with conventional insecticide was likely too low to delay the evolution of Bt resistance. In addition, delays in emergence from Bt maize combined with insecticides could promote assortative mating among Bt-selected individuals, which may hasten resistance evolution.


Assuntos
Bacillus thuringiensis/genética , Besouros/efeitos dos fármacos , Endotoxinas/genética , Inseticidas/farmacologia , Zea mays/genética , Animais , Besouros/genética , Besouros/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Endotoxinas/metabolismo , Illinois , Resistência a Inseticidas , Iowa , Larva/efeitos dos fármacos , Larva/genética , Larva/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Nebraska , Raízes de Plantas/genética , Raízes de Plantas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas/genética , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Estações do Ano , Especificidade da Espécie , Zea mays/crescimento & desenvolvimento
4.
J Econ Entomol ; 106(5): 2195-207, 2013 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24224265

RESUMO

The refuge strategy can delay resistance of insect pests to transgenic maize producing toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). This is important for the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), because of its history of adaptation to several management practices. A 2-yr study across four locations was conducted to measure the effects of integrated refuge (i.e., blended refuge) on western corn rootworm survival to adulthood, fitness characteristics, and susceptibility to Bt maize in the subsequent generation. The treatments tested in this study were as follows: a pure stand of Bt maize (event DAS-59122-7, which produces Bt toxins Cry34Ab1/Cry35Ab1), a pure stand of refuge (non-Bt maize), and two variations on an integrated refuge consisting of 94.4% Bt maize and 5.6% non-Bt maize. Within the two integrated refuge treatments, refuge seeds received a neonicotinoid insecticidal seed treatment of either 1.25 mg clothianidin per kernel or 0.25 mg thiamethoxam per kernel. Insects in the pure stand refuge treatment had greater survival to adulthood and earlier emergence than in all other treatments. Although fecundity, longevity, and head capsule width were reduced in treatments containing Bt maize for some site by year combinations, Bt maize did not have a significant effect on these factors when testing data across all sites and years. We found no differences in susceptibility of larval progeny to Bt maize in bioassays using progeny of adults collected from the four treatments.


Assuntos
Bacillus thuringiensis/genética , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Besouros/efeitos dos fármacos , Endotoxinas/genética , Proteínas Hemolisinas/genética , Controle Biológico de Vetores/métodos , Zea mays/genética , Animais , Toxinas de Bacillus thuringiensis , Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismo , Besouros/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Besouros/fisiologia , Endotoxinas/metabolismo , Feminino , Aptidão Genética , Proteínas Hemolisinas/metabolismo , Resistência a Inseticidas , Larva/efeitos dos fármacos , Larva/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Larva/fisiologia , Longevidade , Masculino , Meio-Oeste dos Estados Unidos , New York , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas/genética , Seleção Genética
5.
Arch Virol ; 157(9): 1825-30, 2012 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22661377

RESUMO

The complete genome sequence of a virus recently detected in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) was determined and found to be closely related to that of maize rayado fino virus (MRFV), genus Marafivirus, family Tymoviridae. The genomic RNA is 6408 nucleotides long. It contains three predicted open reading frames (ORFs 1-3), encoding proteins of 227 kDa, 43.9 kDa, and 31.5 kDa, compared to two ORFs (1 and 2) for MRFV. The complete genome shares 76 % sequence identity with MRFV. The nucleotide sequence of ORF2 of this virus and the amino acid sequence of its encoded protein are 49 % and 77 % identical, respectively, to those of MRFV. The virus-encoded polyprotein and capsid protein aa sequences are 83 % and 74-80 % identical, respectively, to those of MRFV. Although closely related to MRFV, the amino acid sequence of its capsid protein (CP) forms a clade that is separate from that of MRFV. Based on the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) sequence-related criteria for delineation of species within the genus Marafivirus, the virus qualifies as a member of a new species, and the name Switchgrass mosaic virus (SwMV) is proposed.


Assuntos
Genoma Viral , RNA Viral/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Tymoviridae/genética , Análise por Conglomerados , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Peso Molecular , Fases de Leitura Aberta , Panicum/virologia , Filogenia , Homologia de Sequência de Aminoácidos , Homologia de Sequência do Ácido Nucleico , Tymoviridae/isolamento & purificação , Proteínas Virais/química , Proteínas Virais/genética
6.
Plant Dis ; 95(4): 413-418, 2011 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30743326

RESUMO

A survey of Miscanthus × giganteus and switchgrass plots throughout the midwestern and southeastern United States was conducted to determine the occurrence and distribution of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with these biofuel crops. During 2008, rhizosphere soil samples were collected from 24 Miscanthus × giganteus and 38 switchgrass plots in South Dakota, Iowa, and Illinois. Additional samples were collected from 11 Miscanthus × giganteus and 10 switchgrass plots in Illinois, Kentucky, Georgia, and Tennessee the following year. The 11 dominant genera recovered from the samples were Pratylenchus, Helicotylenchus, Xiphinema, Longidorus, Heterodera, Hoplolaimus, Tylenchorhynchus, Criconemella, Paratrichodorus, Hemicriconemoides, and Paratylenchus. Populations of Helicotylenchus, Xiphinema, and Pratylenchus were common and recorded in 90.5, 83.8, and 91.9% of the soil samples from Miscanthus × giganteus, respectively, and in 91.6, 75, and 83.3% of the soil samples from switchgrass, respectively. Prominence value (PV) (PV = population density × âˆšfrequency of occurrence/10) was calculated for the nematodes identified. Helicotylenchus had the highest PV (PV = 384) and was followed by Xiphinema (PV = 152) and Pratylenchus (PV = 72). Several of the nematode species associated with the two biofuels crops were plant parasites. Of these, Pratylenchus penetrans, P. scribneri, P. crenatus, Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus, Hoplolaimus galeatus, X. americanum, and X. rivesi are potentially the most damaging pests to Miscanthus × giganteus and switchgrass. Due to a lack of information, the damaging population thresholds of plant-parasitic nematodes to Miscanthus × giganteus and switchgrass are currently unknown. However, damage threshold value ranges have been reported for other monocotyledon hosts. If these damage threshold value ranges are any indication of the population densities required to impact Miscanthus × giganteus and switchgrass, then every state surveyed has potential for yield losses due to plant-parasitic nematodes. Specifically, Helicotylenchus, Xiphinema, Pratylenchus, Hoplolaimus, Tylenchorhynchus, Criconemella, and Longidorus spp. were all found to have population densities within or above the threshold value ranges reported for other monocotyledon hosts.

7.
JAMA Ophthalmol ; 139(6): 647-653, 2021 Jun 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33956055

RESUMO

IMPORTANCE: The Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group Cataract Registry provides a multicenter assessment of visual outcomes and complications after lensectomy for traumatic pediatric cataract. OBJECTIVE: To report visual acuity (VA) and the cumulative proportion with strabismus, glaucoma, and other ocular complications by 15 months after lensectomy for traumatic cataract among children younger than 13 years at the time of surgery. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: From June 18, 2012, to July 8, 2015, 1266 eyes of 994 children from 33 pediatric eye care practices seen within 45 days after lensectomy were enrolled in a multicenter, prospective observational registry. Of these, 74 eyes of 72 participants undergoing lensectomy for traumatic cataract were included in a cohort study. Follow-up was completed by November 2, 2015, and data were analyzed from March 20, 2018, to July 7, 2020. EXPOSURES: Lensectomy after ocular trauma. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Best-corrected VA from 9 to 15 months after lensectomy for traumatic cataract (for those 3 years or older) and the cumulative proportion with strabismus, glaucoma, and other ocular complications by 15 months. RESULTS: Of 994 participants in the registry, 84 (8%) had traumatic cataract. The median age at lensectomy for 72 participants examined within 15 months after surgery was 7.3 (range, 0.1-12.6) years; 46 (64%) were boys. An intraocular lens was placed in 57 of 74 eyes (77%). In children 3 years or older at outcome, the median best-corrected VA was 20/250 (range, 20/20 to worse than 20/800) in 6 eyes with aphakia and 20/63 (range, 20/20 to 20/200) in 26 eyes with pseudophakia. Postoperative visual axis opacification was reported in 18 of 27 eyes with pseudophakia without primary posterior capsulotomy (15-month cumulative proportion, 77%; 95% CI, 58%-92%). The cumulative proportion with strabismus was 43% (95% CI, 31%-58%) in 64 participants with ocular alignment data; exotropia was present in 14 of 23 participants (61%). The cumulative proportion with glaucoma was 6% (95% CI, 2%-16%). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Trauma was not a common cause of pediatric cataract requiring surgery. For children with traumatic cataract, substantial ocular morbidity including permanent vision loss was found, and long-term eye and vision monitoring are needed for glaucoma, strabismus, and capsular opacification.


Assuntos
Extração de Catarata , Catarata , Traumatismos Oculares , Glaucoma , Estrabismo , Catarata/complicações , Extração de Catarata/efeitos adversos , Criança , Estudos de Coortes , Traumatismos Oculares/complicações , Feminino , Seguimentos , Glaucoma/etiologia , Glaucoma/cirurgia , Humanos , Implante de Lente Intraocular/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Pseudofacia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estrabismo/complicações
8.
JAMA Ophthalmol ; 139(4): 464-476, 2021 Apr 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33662112

RESUMO

IMPORTANCE: This is the first large-scale randomized clinical trial evaluating the effectiveness and safety of overminus spectacle therapy for treatment of intermittent exotropia (IXT). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of overminus spectacles to improve distance IXT control. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This randomized clinical trial conducted at 56 clinical sites between January 2017 and January 2019 associated with the Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group enrolled 386 children aged 3 to 10 years with IXT, a mean distance control score of 2 or worse, and a refractive error between 1.00 and -6.00 diopters (D). Data analysis was performed from February to December 2020. INTERVENTIONS: Participants were randomly assigned to overminus spectacle therapy (-2.50 D for 12 months, then -1.25 D for 3 months, followed by nonoverminus spectacles for 3 months) or to nonoverminus spectacle use. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Primary and secondary outcomes were the mean distance IXT control scores of participants examined after 12 months of treatment (primary outcome) and at 18 months (3 months after treatment ended) assessed by an examiner masked to treatment group. Change in refractive error from baseline to 12 months was compared between groups. Analyses were performed using the intention-to-treat population. RESULTS: The mean (SD) age of 196 participants randomized to overminus therapy and 190 participants randomized to nonoverminus treatment was 6.3 (2.1) years, and 226 (59%) were female. Mean distance control at 12 months was better in participants treated with overminus spectacles than with nonoverminus spectacles (1.8 vs 2.8 points; adjusted difference, -0.8; 95% CI, -1.0 to -0.5; P < .001). At 18 months, there was little or no difference in mean distance control between overminus and nonoverminus groups (2.4 vs 2.7 points; adjusted difference, -0.2; 95% CI, -0.5 to 0.04; P = .09). Myopic shift from baseline to 12 months was greater in the overminus than the nonoverminus group (-0.42 D vs -0.04 D; adjusted difference, -0.37 D; 95% CI, -0.49 to -0.26 D; P < .001), with 33 of 189 children (17%) in the overminus group vs 2 of 169 (1%) in the nonoverminus group having a shift higher than 1.00 D. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Children 3 to 10 years of age had improved distance exotropia control when assessed wearing overminus spectacles after 12 months of overminus treatment; however, this treatment was associated with increased myopic shift. The beneficial effect of overminus lens therapy on distance exotropia control was not maintained after treatment was tapered off for 3 months and children were examined 3 months later. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02807350.


Assuntos
Exotropia , Miopia , Erros de Refração , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Doença Crônica , Exotropia/terapia , Óculos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino
9.
JAMA Ophthalmol ; 138(1): 14-20, 2020 01 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31697304

RESUMO

Importance: Lower bevacizumab dosages are being used for type 1 retinopathy of prematurity, but there are limited data on long-term ocular outcomes with lower doses. Objective: To evaluate ocular outcomes at 12 months' corrected age for eyes that received a dose of 0.625 mg, 0.25 mg, 0.125 mg, 0.063 mg, or 0.031 mg of bevacizumab for type 1 retinopathy of prematurity. Design, Setting, and Participants: This prospective cohort study used a masked, multicenter, phase 1 dose de-escalation study design and was conducted from April 2016 to October 2017. Study eyes were treated with a dose of 0.25, 0.125, 0.063, or 0.031 mg of bevacizumab; fellow eyes were treated with a dosage 1 level higher than the study eye. Additional treatment after 4 weeks was at investigator discretion. Data analysis occurred from November 2018 to March 2019. Interventions: Intravitreous bevacizumab injections of 0.625 mg to 0.031 mg. Main Outcomes and Measures: Visual fixation, amblyopia, alignment, nystagmus, cycloplegic refraction, and ocular examinations were assessed at 12 months' corrected age as preplanned secondary outcomes. The primary outcome 4 weeks after treatment and secondary outcomes after 6 months' corrected age have been previously reported. Results: Forty-six of 61 infants (75%) had a 12-month follow-up examination (46 study eyes and 43 fellow eyes; median [interquartile range] birth weight, 650 [590-760] g). Of 87 eyes with a cycloplegic refraction, 12 (14% [95% CI, 7%-27%]) had myopia of more than -5.00 D spherical equivalent; 2 (2%; [95% CI, 0%-8%]) had hyperopia greater than 5.00 D spherical equivalent; and 5 infants (11% [95% CI, 4%-24%]) had anisometropia greater than 1.50 D spherical equivalent. Abnormalities of the cornea, lens, or anterior segment were reported in 1 eye (1% [95% CI, 0%-6%]), 3 eyes (3% [95% CI, 1%-10%]), and 3 eyes (3% [95% CI, 1%-10%]), respectively. Optic nerve atrophy was identified in 11 eyes (13% [95% CI, 6%-26%]), and 1 eye (1% [95% CI, 0%-6%]) had total retinal detachment. Strabismus was reported in 13 infants (30% [95% CI, 17%-45%]), manifest nystagmus in 7 infants (15% [95% CI, 6%-29%]), and amblyopia in 3 infants (7% [95% CI, 1%-18%]). Overall, 98% of infants had central fixation in each eye (44 of 45 eyes). Conclusions and Relevance: In this study of low-dose bevacizumab, the secondary outcomes of high myopia, strabismus, retinal detachment, nystagmus, and other ocular abnormalities at 1 year were consistent with rates reported in other studies with higher dosages. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02390531.


Assuntos
Inibidores da Angiogênese/administração & dosagem , Bevacizumab/administração & dosagem , Retinopatia da Prematuridade/tratamento farmacológico , Ambliopia/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , Hiperopia/fisiopatologia , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Injeções Intravítreas , Masculino , Miopia Degenerativa/fisiopatologia , Nistagmo Patológico/fisiopatologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Refração Ocular/fisiologia , Retinopatia da Prematuridade/diagnóstico , Retinopatia da Prematuridade/fisiopatologia , Retinoscopia , Resultado do Tratamento , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/antagonistas & inibidores , Acuidade Visual/fisiologia
10.
J Econ Entomol ; 99(3): 899-907, 2006 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16813328

RESUMO

A simulation model of the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, was used to investigate whether sampling and economic thresholds can improve integrated pest management (IPM) and insect resistance management (IRM) when transgenic insecticidal crops are used for insect pest management. When transgenic corn killed at least 80% of susceptible larvae, the calculated economic threshold increased linearly as the proportion of susceptible beetles surviving the toxin increased. The use of economic thresholds slightly slowed the evolution of resistance to transgenic insecticidal crops. In areas with or without rotation-resistant western corn rootworm phenotypes, the use of sampling and economic thresholds generated similar returns compared with strategies of planting transgenic corn, Zea mays L., every season. Because transgenic crops are extremely effective, farmers may be inclined to plant transgenic crops every season rather than implementing costly and time-consuming sampling protocols.


Assuntos
Agricultura/economia , Besouros/fisiologia , Resistência a Inseticidas , Larva/fisiologia , Zea mays/parasitologia , Agricultura/métodos , Animais , Evolução Biológica , Feminino , Controle de Insetos/métodos , Masculino , Modelos Biológicos , Fenótipo , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas , Zea mays/genética
11.
J AAPOS ; 20(4): 374-6, 2016 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27318210

RESUMO

We report the case of a 6-year-old boy who presented with an 18-month history of a left lower eyelid lesion that was refractory to medical management. The lesion was excised, and microscopic examination and immunohistochemistry revealed a cellular neurothekeoma. Clinical presentation of such lesions is similar to a chalazion or epidermal inclusion cyst. Cellular neurothekeoma is benign and has a low risk of recurrence after excision with clear margins. Cellular neurothekeoma of the eyelid is extremely rare, with only 5 previously reported cases. This is, to our knowledge, the first report of cellular neurothekeoma of the eyelid presenting in a boy.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Palpebrais/diagnóstico , Neurotecoma/diagnóstico , Calázio , Criança , Neoplasias Palpebrais/patologia , Pálpebras , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Masculino , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Neurotecoma/patologia
12.
J Econ Entomol ; 98(5): 1587-93, 2005 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16334328

RESUMO

The cultural practice of rotating corn, Zea mays L., with soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill, to manage larval injury by the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, was used extensively throughout east central Illinois and northern Indiana until the mid-1990s. The effectiveness of this management tactic diminished due to a shift in the ovipositional behavior of the western corn rootworm. The variant western corn rootworm has since spread as far as northwestern Illinois, southern Wisconsin, southern Michigan, and eastern Ohio. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of four cropping systems on adult and egg densities of the western corn rootworm and to quantify the level of root injury in rotated corn after each system. The four cropping systems used included: 1) corn; 2) soybean; 3) double-cropped winter wheat, Triticum aestivum L., followed by soybean; and 4) winter wheat. Research trials were conducted near Monmouth (northwestern), DeKalb (northern), and Urbana (east central), IL, during 2003 and 2004. Results indicated variant western corn rootworm adults can be found in all four treatments at each location and consequently no crop was immune to oviposition or root injury by corn rootworm larvae in rotated corn the following season. Adults were found primarily in corn and soybean, whereas egg densities were greatest in corn plots in all three locations in both years of the study. Root injury by larvae was most abundant in corn following corn at all three sites. Of the four systems evaluated, the use of wheat demonstrated the most potential for preventing yield reducing levels of root injury in rotated corn.


Assuntos
Agricultura/métodos , Besouros/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Controle de Insetos/métodos , Zea mays/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Animais , Larva , Óvulo , Raízes de Plantas , Densidade Demográfica , Glycine max/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Triticum/crescimento & desenvolvimento
13.
J Econ Entomol ; 97(2): 390-6, 2004 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15154460

RESUMO

The rotation of maize, Zea mays L., and soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., has been the traditional cultural tactic to manage the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, in the Corn Belt. The reduced effectiveness of this rotation as a pest management tool in east central Illinois, northern Indiana, and southern Michigan can be explained by the shift in the ovipositional behavior of the new variant of western corn rootworm. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of maize, soybean, oat, Avena sativa L., stubble, and alfalfa, Medicago sativa L., on the ovarian development and ovipositional preferences of the variant western corn rootworm. Field research was conducted near Urbana, IL, during 1998-2000. Gravid females were present throughout the season in all crops, and due to the prolonged period in which western corn rootworm females can lay eggs, none of the crops were immune from oviposition. Results indicated that the western corn rootworm variant oviposits in maize, soybean, oat stubble, and alfalfa In 1998 and 1999, maize was the preferred oviposition site among crops; however, in 2000, maize, soybean, and oat stubble treatments had similar densities of western corn rootworm eggs. Lack of oviposition preference of the western corn rootworm variant demonstrated in this experiment represents a reasonable explanation of why the effectiveness of the rotation strategy to control western corn rootworm has diminished.


Assuntos
Besouros/fisiologia , Oviposição , Animais , Avena , Besouros/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Feminino , Illinois , Medicago sativa , Ovário/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Glycine max , Zea mays
14.
J Econ Entomol ; 96(3): 737-47, 2003 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12852611

RESUMO

It is hypothesized that the long-term rotation of maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) in east central Illinois has caused a significant change in the ovipositional behavior of the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte. Since the mid 1990s in east central Illinois, western corn rootworm adults have been observed feeding on soybean foliage and also now use soybean fields as egg laying sites. This behavioral adaptation has greatly decreased the effectiveness of rotation as a pest management tactic. By using Pherocon AM and vial traps, we evaluated the influence of maize, soybean, oat stubble (Avena sativa L.), and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) on male and female adult western corn rootworm densities from April 1998 through September 2000 near Urbana, IL. Our results indicated that western corn rootworm adults are common inhabitants of maize, soybean, oat stubble, and alfalfa. Trapping efforts with both Pherocon AM (attractive) and vial traps (passive) revealed that initial densities of both male and female western corn rootworm adults were greater in maize. Soon after emergence, densities of females began to decline within maize and increase in other crops (soybean, oat stubble, and alfalfa). Results from this experiment support the hypothesis that variant western corn rootworm females in east central Illinois are colonizing crops other than maize at densities of potential economic importance. Those producers who choose to rotate maize with soybean or alfalfa may remain at risk to economic larval injury to maize roots. Potentially, oat stubble also may support levels of western corn rootworm females resulting in sufficient oviposition to cause economic losses to rotated maize the following season.


Assuntos
Avena/fisiologia , Besouros/fisiologia , Glycine max/fisiologia , Controle de Insetos/métodos , Medicago sativa/fisiologia , Zea mays/parasitologia , Animais , Produtos Agrícolas/parasitologia , Produtos Agrícolas/fisiologia , Feminino , Illinois , Masculino , Densidade Demográfica
15.
J AAPOS ; 18(5): 494-5, 2014 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25280925

RESUMO

Laundry and dishwasher detergent "pods" were introduced to the United States market in 2010 and are sold by several manufacturers. They represent a high percentage of household cleaning product exposure in the United Kingdom. We present a consecutive case series of 10 children seen in a 9-month period with corneal injuries from exposure to liquid detergent pods.


Assuntos
Queimaduras Químicas/etiologia , Doenças da Córnea/induzido quimicamente , Queimaduras Oculares/induzido quimicamente , Produtos Domésticos/efeitos adversos , Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Queimaduras Químicas/terapia , Pré-Escolar , Doenças da Córnea/terapia , Detergentes/efeitos adversos , Queimaduras Oculares/terapia , Feminino , Humanos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Lactente , Masculino , Irrigação Terapêutica
16.
Pest Manag Sci ; 70(6): 996-1007, 2014 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23996641

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Emergence delay and female-skewed sex ratios among adults of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) from Bt corn have been reported in field studies. The authors used a simulation model to study the effect of a maturation delay and a female-skewed sex ratio for D. v. virgifera emerging from Bt corn on the evolution of Bt resistance. RESULTS: The effect of skewed toxin mortality in one sex on evolution of Bt resistance was insignificant. An emergence delay among resistant beetles from Bt corn slowed resistance evolution. A shift in the time of emergence for homozygous susceptible beetles from Bt corn did not have a significant effect on the evolution of Bt resistance in D. v. virgifera. CONCLUSION: This simulation study suggested that skewed toxin mortality in one sex and an emergence delay for beetles in Bt corn are not major concerns for managing resistance by D. v. virgifera to single-toxin or pyramided Bt corn.


Assuntos
Bacillus thuringiensis/genética , Besouros/efeitos dos fármacos , Resistência a Inseticidas , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas , Zea mays/genética , Animais , Besouros/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Simulação por Computador , Feminino , Larva , Masculino , Controle Biológico de Vetores , Razão de Masculinidade
17.
J AAPOS ; 17(5): 551-3, 2013 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24160981

RESUMO

Primary uveal melanoma is extremely rare in children and also among blacks. Uveal melanomas may be associated with various preexisting conditions, including congenital ocular melanocytosis and dysplastic nevus syndrome. We report the case of a 4-year-old black girl who presented with pronounced proptosis and no light perception secondary to a massive intraocular tumor with extrascleral extension. Biopsy of the tumor confirmed the diagnosis of primary uveal melanoma, and the patient was treated by enucleation and external beam radiation therapy. Although metastatic disease was ruled out at the time, the patient died approximately 3 months later.


Assuntos
Melanoma/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Uveais/diagnóstico , Transtornos da Visão/diagnóstico , Pré-Escolar , Exoftalmia/diagnóstico , Evolução Fatal , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/secundário
18.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus ; 49(4): 211-4; quiz 210, 215, 2012.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22329551

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Strabismus surgery dosages used in children with various neurodevelopmental disorders have been the subject of controversy. Few data have been reported regarding surgical results in individuals with Down syndrome (DS). METHODS: A retrospective, case-control study was performed in which children with DS and previous bilateral medial rectus recession surgery were matched with similar control patients without DS. Surgical results were compared using a random coefficients model for repeated measurements for each group. RESULTS: Sixteen patients with DS were matched with 16 control patients. Mean preoperative esotropia was 28.4 prism diopters (PD) in the DS group and 27.9 PD in the control group. No significant difference was found in surgical dosages between the two groups (P = .2402). Median surgical dosage was 4.4 mm in the DS group and 4.5 mm in the control group. Preoperative and 4-month and 24-month postoperative mean angles of esotropia were not different between groups (P = .8050). The 4-month postoperative mean angles of esotropia for the DS and control groups were 3.15 and 2.66 PD, respectively. The 24-month mean angles of esotropia for the DS and control groups were 7.09 and 6.60 PD, respectively. CONCLUSION: Standard bilateral medial rectus recession surgical dosages need not be modified for individuals with DS.


Assuntos
Síndrome de Down/cirurgia , Esotropia/cirurgia , Músculos Oculomotores/cirurgia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Oftalmológicos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Síndrome de Down/fisiopatologia , Esotropia/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Músculos Oculomotores/fisiopatologia , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Período Pós-Operatório , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Visão Binocular/fisiologia
19.
J Agric Food Chem ; 59(11): 5852-8, 2011 Jun 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20873716

RESUMO

The use of transgenic Bt maize hybrids continues to increase significantly across the Corn Belt of the United States. In 2009, 59% of all maize planted in Illinois was characterized as a "stacked" gene variety. This is a 40% increase since 2006. Stacked hybrids typically express one Cry protein for corn rootworm control and one Cry protein for control of several lepidopteran pests; they also feature herbicide tolerance (to either glyphosate or glufosinate). Slightly more than 50 years has passed since Vernon Stern and his University of California entomology colleagues published (1959) their seminal paper on the integrated control concept, laying the foundation for modern pest management (IPM) programs. To assess the relevance of traditional IPM concepts within a transgenic agroecosystem, commercial maize producers were surveyed at a series of meetings in 2009 and 2010 regarding their perceptions on their use of Bt hybrids and resistance management. Special attention was devoted to two insect pests of corn, the European corn borer and the western corn rootworm. A high percentage of producers who participated in these meetings planted Bt hybrids in 2008 and 2009, 97 and 96.7%, respectively. Refuge compliance in 2008 and 2009, as mandated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), was 82 and 75.7%, respectively, for those producers surveyed. A large majority of producers (79 and 73.3% in 2009 and 2010, respectively) revealed that they would, or had, used a Bt hybrid for corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) or European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner) control even when anticipated densities were low. Currently, the EPA is evaluating the long-term use of seed blends (Bt and non-Bt) as a resistance management strategy. In 2010, a large percentage of producers, 80.4%, indicated they would be willing to use this approach. The current lack of integration of management tactics for insect pests of maize in the U.S. Corn Belt, due primarily to the escalating use of transgenic Bt hybrids, may eventually result in resistance evolution and/or other unforeseen consequences.


Assuntos
Besouros/fisiologia , Mariposas/fisiologia , Controle Biológico de Vetores/economia , Controle Biológico de Vetores/métodos , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas/parasitologia , Zea mays/genética , Zea mays/parasitologia , Agricultura/economia , Agricultura/métodos , Animais , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas/genética , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas/metabolismo , Estados Unidos , Zea mays/metabolismo
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