RESUMO
We present the case of a female who developed cerebral venous thrombosis with thrombocytopenia after inoculation with the anti-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaxzevria vaccine, followed by splanchnic thrombosis and diffuse hemorrhages. Despite receiving treatment, the complications increased, and hence therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) was attempted, leading to laboratory and clinical improvements and discharge after a period of intensive care. Almost two years after the first episode, in the interim of which the patient complained of only minor symptoms such as asthenia and difficulty concentrating, she developed an epileptic syndrome that required neurological treatment. In addition, her fatigue and difficulty concentrating worsened and other serious symptoms of dysautonomia appeared, such as trembling of her right arm, loss of stability, and postural orthostatic tachycardia. As serum analysis revealed a significant number of alterations in autoantibodies against various G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and RAS-related proteins, two further TPEs were performed, resulting in rapid and sustained clinical improvement. This report highlights the role of the different types of autoantibodies produced in response to anti-COVID-19 vaccination, which can have functional, regulatory, and possibly pathogenic effects on the vascular and nervous systems.