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Campylobacter spp. are one of the most frequent causes of bacterial diarrhea worldwide. Although severe diarrhea is not highly prevalent, the risk of a fatal outcome is increased when infection is caused by strains resistant to macrolides, fluoroquinolones, and/or tetracyclines. It is therefore necessary to test the susceptibility of these bacteria to other antibiotics such as colistin, which may serve as an alternative therapeutic option in these situations. The E-test was used to investigate the activity of erythromycin and colistin against 30 clinical isolates of Campylobacter spp. The MIC values obtained (range: 0.38-8 mg/liter) were sufficiently low, given the elevated concentrations that colistin sulfate can reach in the intestinal lumen, for this antibiotic to be considered useful to treat severe diarrhea caused by Campylobacter spp. resistant to first-line antibiotics.
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Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Infecções por Campylobacter/microbiologia , Campylobacter coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Campylobacter jejuni/efeitos dos fármacos , Colistina/farmacologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Eritromicina/farmacologia , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade MicrobianaRESUMO
Microorganisms responsible for genitourinary infections increasingly include species other than conventional etiological agents that are of clinical and pathogenic relevance and therapeutic interest. This cross-sectional descriptive study selected samples from clinical genitourinary episodes between January 2016 and December 2019 in which emerging microbiological agents were detected. The patients' epidemiological characteristics, clinical presentation, antibiotic treatment, and outcome were studied to identify their pathogenic role. The emerging microorganisms most frequently detected in urinary tract infections were Streptococcus bovis (58.5%) and Gardnerella spp. (23.6%) in females and S. bovis (32.3%), Aerococcus urinae (18.6%), and Corynebacterium spp. (16.9%) in males, while the most frequently detected in genital infections were S. viridans (36.4%) in females and C. glucuronolyticum (32.2%) and Gardnerella spp. (35.6%) in males. All cases in female children were produced by S. bovis. Symptomatic episodes were more frequent with Aerococcus spp. and S. bovis and the presence of leukocytosis more frequent with Aerococcus spp. Quinolones and doxycycline were most often prescribed antibiotics for genital infections and quinolones and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid for urinary infections. Urinary infection by Aerococcus spp. was more frequent in males of advanced age, Corynebacterium spp. was more frequent in permanent vesical catheter carriers, and episodes of asymptomatic bacteriuria by Gardnerella spp. were more frequent in patients with kidney transplant and chronic consumers of corticosteroid therapy. Lactobacillus spp. should be considered in urinary infections of patients of advanced age and with a previous antibiotic load. Genital infection by Gardnerella spp. was significantly associated with a history of risky sexual relations.
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INTRODUCTION: The etiological factors of colorectal cancer (CRC) are not precisely known, although genetic and environmental factors have been implicated. A possible association with Fusobacterium nucleatum may provide opportunities for an early diagnosis. OBJECTIVE: To review studies that address the association between F. nucleatum and CRC. METHODS: The MEDLINE PubMed database was searched using the terms «colorectal cancer¼ and "Fusobacterium nucleatum", retrieving publications published up to January 1 2020. Stata software was used for a meta-analysis. RESULTS: The systematic review included 57 articles. Meta-analysis results indicated a more frequent presence of F. nucleatum in CRC tumour tissue samples in comparison to control samples of healthy tissue, with an odds ratio of 4.558 (95% CI: 3.312-6.272), and in comparison, to control samples of colorectal adenomas, with an odds ratio of 3.244 (95 % CI: 2.359-4.462). CONCLUSION: There is a more frequent resence of F. nucleatum in the CRC. However, further studies are needed to verify this relationship.
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Neoplasias Colorretais , Fusobacterium nucleatum , Neoplasias Colorretais/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Colorretais/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Colorretais/etiologia , Fusobacterium nucleatum/genética , HumanosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The etiological factors of colorectal cancer (CRC) are not precisely known, although genetic and environmental factors have been implicated. A possible association with Fusobacterium nucleatum may provide opportunities for an early diagnosis. OBJECTIVE: To review studies that address the association between F. nucleatum and CRC. METHODS: The MEDLINE PubMed database was searched using the terms «colorectal cancer¼ and «Fusobacterium nucleatum¼, retrieving publications published up to January 1 2020. Stata software was used for a meta-analysis. RESULTS: The systematic review included 57 articles. Meta-analysis results indicated a more frequent presence of F. nucleatum in CRC tumor tissue samples in comparison to control samples of healthy tissue, with an odds ratio of 4.558 (95% CI: 3.312-6.272), and in comparison, to control samples of colorectal adenomas, with an odds ratio of 3.244 (95% CI: 2.359-4.462). CONCLUSION: There is a more frequent presence of F. nucleatum in the CRC. However, further studies are needed to verify this relationship.
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The increasing resistance to antibiotics is compromising the empirical treatment of infections caused by resistant bacteria. Rapid, efficient, and clinically applicable phenotypic methods are needed for their detection. This study examines the phenotypic behavior of ß-lactam-resistant Gram-negative bacteria grown on ChromID ESBL medium with ertapenem, cefoxitin, and cefepime disks, reports on the coloration of colonies, and establishes a halo diameter breakpoint for the detection of carbapenemase-producing bacteria. We studied 186 ß-lactam-resistant Gram-negative microorganisms (77 with extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL), 97 with carbapenemases, and 12 with AmpC ß-lactamases (AmpC)). Susceptibility profiles of Gram-negative bacteria that produced ESBL, AmpC, and carbapenemases were similar to the expected profiles, with some differences in the response to cefepime of ESBL-producing microorganisms. Coloration values did not differ from those described by the manufacturer of ChromID ESBL medium. In the screening of carbapenemase production, inhibition halo diameter breakpoints for antibiotic resistance were 18 mm for Enterobacterales and ertapenem, 18 mm for Pseudomonas and cefepime, and 16 mm for Acinetobacter baumannii and cefepime. This innovative phenotypic approach is highly relevant to clinical laboratories, combining susceptibility profiles with detection by coloration of high-priority resistant microorganisms such as carbapenemase-producing A. baumannii, carbapenemase-producing Pseudomonas spp., and ESBL and/or carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales.
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Purpose. Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are responsible for numerous nosocomial infections. The objective of this study was to determine the development of their susceptibility to ten antibiotics and the antibiotic consumption of patients with suspicion of urinary tract infection (UTI).Methodology. A retrospective study was conducted on the susceptibility profiles of A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa isolates from 749 urine samples gathered between January 2013 and December 2016, and on the consumption of imipenem, meropenem and piperacillin-tazobactam between 2014 and 2016.Results. Hospital patients were the source of 82 (91.1â%) of the 90 A. baumannii isolates detected and 555 (84.2â%) of the 659 P. aeruginosa isolates. Globally, the lowest percentage susceptibility values were found for fosfomycin, aztreonam and ciprofloxacin, while colistin continued to be the most active antibiotic in vitro. In 2016, the susceptibility of A. baumannii to carbapenem and piperacillin-tazobactam decreased to very low values, while the susceptibility of P. aeruginosa to carbapenem remained stable but its susceptibility to piperacillin-tazobactam decreased. There was a marked increase in the consumption of piperacillin-tazobactam.Conclusion. In our setting, it is no longer possible to use carbapenems and piperacillin-tazobactam for empirical treatment of UTI due to A. baumannii or to use piperacillin-tazobactam for empirical treatment of UTI due to P. aeruginosa. Colistin was found to be the most active antibiotic in vitro. There was a marked increase in the consumption of piperacillin-tazobactam.
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IntroducciónSe desconocen los factores etiológicos exactos del cáncer colorrectal (CCR), aunque se ha intentado relacionar con factores genéticos y ambientales. La posible asociación con Fusobacterium nucleatum podría abrir posibilidades en el diagnóstico precoz.ObjetivoRevisar los estudios que analizan la asociación entre F. nucleatum y el CCR.MétodosSe utilizaron las publicaciones disponibles en la base de datos MEDLINE PubMed hasta el día 1 de enero de 2020, que incluían los términos «cáncer colorrectal» y «Fusobacterium nucleatum». Se realizó un metaanálisis con el software Stata.ResultadosUn total de 57 artículos fueron incluidos en la revisión sistemática. El metaanálisis indicó una mayor presencia de F. nucleatum en muestras de tejido tumoral de CCR, con respecto a muestras control de tejido sano, con una odds ratio de 4,558 (IC 95%: 3,312-6,272), y cuando se utilizaron muestras control de adenomas colorrectales, con una odds ratio de 3,244 (IC 95%: 2,359-4,462).ConclusiónHay una mayor presencia de F. nucleatum en el CCR. Sin embargo, se necesitan estudios que demuestren esta relación.
IntroductionThe etiological factors of colorectal cancer (CRC) are not precisely known, although genetic and environmental factors have been implicated. A possible association with Fusobacterium nucleatum may provide opportunities for an early diagnosis.ObjectiveTo review studies that address the association between F. nucleatum and CRC.MethodsThe MEDLINE PubMed database was searched using the terms «colorectal cancer» and «Fusobacterium nucleatum», retrieving publications published up to January 1 2020. Stata software was used for a meta-analysis.ResultsThe systematic review included 57 articles. Meta-analysis results indicated a more frequent presence of F. nucleatum in CRC tumor tissue samples in comparison to control samples of healthy tissue, with an odds ratio of 4.558 (95% CI: 3.312-6.272), and in comparison, to control samples of colorectal adenomas, with an odds ratio of 3.244 (95% CI: 2.359-4.462).ConclusionThere is a more frequent presence of F. nucleatum in the CRC. However, further studies are needed to verify this relationship.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Ciências da Saúde , Fusobacterium nucleatum , Neoplasias Colorretais , Metanálise em Rede , Doenças Transmissíveis , Microbiologia , Disbiose , Microbioma GastrointestinalRESUMO
Introduction. Streptococcus bovis includes variants related to colorectal cancer and non-urinary infections. Its role as urinary pathogen is unknown. Our objective was to assess the presence of urinary infection by S. bovis, analysing the patients and subsequent clinical course. Material and Methods. Observational study, with longitudinal data collection, performed at our centre between all the cultures requested between February and April 2015. Clinical course of the patients and response to treatment were analysed. Results. Two thousand five hundred and twenty urine cultures were analysed, of which 831 (33%) had a significant microbial count. S. bovis was isolated in 8 patients (0.96%). In 75% of these cases the urine culture was requested because of urinary tract infection symptoms; the remaining 25% because of fever of uncertain source; during the follow-up period no evidence of cancer or endocarditis was detected. S. gallolyticus subspecie pasteurianus was the only variant observed (100%). The clinical response to initial treatment was favourable in all cases. Conclusions. S. bovis bacteriuria may have clinical significance, especially when S. gallolyticus subspecies pasteurianus is isolated in cases with underlying urinary tract disease (AU)
Introducción. Streptococcus bovis comprende multitud de variantes de especie relacionados con infecciones no urinarias y cáncer colorrectal. Su papel como patógeno urinario es desconocido. Nuestro objetivo fue valorar la presencia de infección urinaria por S. bovis, analizando los pacientes y su evolución clínica posterior. Material y métodos. Estudio observacional, con obtención de datos longitudinal, realizado en nuestro centro entre todos los urocultivos solicitados durante entre los meses de febrero y abril de 2015. Se analizó la evolución clínica y la respuesta al tratamiento. Resultados. Se analizaron 2.520 urocultivos, de los que en 831 (33%) hubo un recuento microbiano significativo. Se aisló S. bovis en 8 (0,96%) pacientes. En el 75% de estos casos el urocultivo fue solicitado por clínica de infección del tracto urinario. El 25% restante por fiebre sin foco evidente clínicamente, no objetivando historia de cáncer y/o endocarditis durante el periodo seguimiento. La única variante presente fue S. gallolyticus subespecie pasteurianus (100%). La respuesta clínica al tratamiento inicial fue favorable en todos los casos. Conclusiones. La bacteriuria por S. bovis puede tener significación clínica, sobre todo cuando se aísla S. gallolyticus subespecie pasteurianus, en pacientes con patología previa del aparato urinario (AU)