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1.
Vet Surg ; 53(2): 254-263, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37822110

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To compare vertebral implant placement in the canine thoracolumbar spine between 3D-printed patient-specific drill guides (3DPG) and the conventional freehand technique (FH). STUDY DESIGN: Ex vivo study. ANIMALS: Cadaveric canine spines (n = 24). METHODS: Implant trajectories were established for the left and right sides of the T10 through L6 vertebrae based on computed tomography (CT) imaging. Customized drill guides were created for each vertebra of interest. Each cadaver was randomly assigned to one of six veterinarians with varying levels of experience placing vertebral implants. Vertebrae were randomly assigned a surgical order and technique (3DPG or FH) for both sides. Postoperative CT images were acquired. A single, blinded observer assessed pin placement using a modified Zdichavsky classification. RESULTS: A total of 480 implants were placed in 240 vertebrae. Three sites were excluded from the analysis; therefore, a total of 238 implants were evaluated using the FH technique and 239 implants using 3DPG. When evaluating implant placement, 152/239 (63.6%) of 3DPG implants were considered to have an acceptable placement in comparison with 115/248 (48.32%) with FH. Overall, pin placement using 3DPG was more likely to provide acceptable pin placement (p < .001) in comparison with the FH technique for surgeons at all levels of experience. CONCLUSION: The use of 3DPG was shown to be better than the conventional freehand technique regarding acceptable placement of implants in the thoracolumbar spine of canine cadavers. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Utilizing 3DPG can be considered better than the traditional FH technique when placing implants in the canine thoracolumbar spine.


Assuntos
Doenças do Cão , Fusão Vertebral , Cirurgia Assistida por Computador , Animais , Cães , Cadáver , Doenças do Cão/cirurgia , Fusão Vertebral/instrumentação , Fusão Vertebral/métodos , Fusão Vertebral/veterinária , Cirurgia Assistida por Computador/instrumentação , Cirurgia Assistida por Computador/métodos , Cirurgia Assistida por Computador/veterinária , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/veterinária , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos , Distribuição Aleatória , Pinos Ortopédicos
2.
Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol ; 37(2): 74-82, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37967843

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify safe corridors for pin placement in the terminal thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae and sacrum of rabbits using computed tomography (CT) in cadaveric models. STUDY DESIGN: Computed tomographic imaging of 25 adult New Zealand white rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculi) cadavers was evaluated. Safe insertion corridors at the cranial and caudal end cortical sections (ECS) of the vertebrae were determined using a multiplanar reconstruction software. Pins were placed to allow maximal bone purchase within the safe corridors. Post-procedure CT imaging was performed to evaluate the pin position. RESULTS: The median safe corridor height in the thoracic and lumbar cranial ECS (2.54 mm; 1.39-3.97 mm) was significantly lower than that of caudal ECS (3.98 mm; 1.66-5.53 mm; p < 0.001). The mean widths of the left and right sacral safe corridors were not significantly different. Of the 99 pins placed, 70.7% of the pins were appropriately placed without vertebral canal impingement. Errors included partial canal impingement (12.1%), complete canal impingement (5.1%), inadequate bone purchase (7.1%), placement into the intervertebral disc space (1.0%) or in the incorrect ECS than intended (4.0%). The odds ratio of successful pin insertion without canal impingement was 2.77 (95% confidence interval, 1.04-7.43; p < 0.05) times higher in the caudal ECS than in the cranial ECS. CONCLUSION: The corridor identified in this study can be used as a guideline for pin placement in the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae of New Zealand white rabbits. Further biomechanical studies are required.


Assuntos
Pinos Ortopédicos , Sacro , Humanos , Coelhos , Animais , Vértebras Lombares , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Vértebras Torácicas/cirurgia
3.
Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol ; 35(4): 239-245, 2022 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35580616

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The main aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of stifle exploratory using either a stifle distractor (SD method) or a combination of Hohmann and Senn retractors (HS method) for diagnosing canine medial meniscal tears in cranial cruciate ligament-deficient stifles. STUDY DESIGN: Fifteen pairs of canine cadaveric pelvic limbs were used and cranial cruciate ligament were transected in all stifles. Paired limbs were then randomly assigned to one of five groups based on the tears created in the caudal pole of the medial meniscus: no tear, peripheral detachment, or a variation in three vertical longitudinal tears. A craniomedial mini-arthrotomy was performed by two observers and diagnosis of the medial meniscal status was made utilizing the HS and SD methods. Correct diagnosis of the meniscal tear was compared for both methods and observers. RESULTS: Correct diagnoses were made using the HS and SD methods in 24/30 and 24/30 cases for observer 1 respectively; and in 17/30 and 19/30 cases for observer 2 respectively. There was no significant difference in the correct diagnosis of meniscal tears within each observer between the two methods. CONCLUSION: Both HS and SD methods have equal accuracy for the diagnosis of canine medial meniscal pathology for a board-certified surgeon. Unassisted surgeons using the SD method for the evaluation of the medial meniscus are at no diagnostic disadvantage compared with assisted surgeons utilizing the HS method.


Assuntos
Lesões do Ligamento Cruzado Anterior , Doenças das Cartilagens , Doenças do Cão , Animais , Cães , Ligamento Cruzado Anterior/cirurgia , Lesões do Ligamento Cruzado Anterior/diagnóstico , Lesões do Ligamento Cruzado Anterior/cirurgia , Lesões do Ligamento Cruzado Anterior/veterinária , Artroscopia/métodos , Artroscopia/veterinária , Doenças das Cartilagens/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Doenças do Cão/patologia , Doenças do Cão/cirurgia , Meniscos Tibiais/cirurgia , Joelho de Quadrúpedes/patologia , Joelho de Quadrúpedes/cirurgia
4.
Am J Vet Res ; 82(4): 268-273, 2021 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33764836

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the repeatability and accuracy of fingertip pulse oximeters (FPO) for measurement of hemoglobin oxygen saturation in arterial blood and pulse rate (PR) in anesthetized dogs breathing 100% O2. ANIMALS: 29 healthy client-owned anesthetized dogs undergoing various surgical procedures. PROCEDURES: In randomized order, each of 7 FPOs or a reference pulse oximeter (PO) was applied to the tongue of each intubated anesthetized dog breathing 100% O2. Duplicate measurements of oxygen saturation (Spo2) and PR were obtained within 60 seconds of applying an FPO or PO. A nonparametric version of Bland-Altman analysis was used. Coefficient of repeatability was the interval between the 5th and 95th percentiles of the differences between duplicate measurements. Bias was the median difference, and the limits of agreement were the 5th and 95th percentiles of the differences between each FPO and the PO. Acceptable values for the coefficient of repeatability of Spo2 were ≤ 6%. Agreements were accepted if the limits of agreement had an absolute difference of ≤ ± 3% in Spo2 and relative difference of ≤ ± 10% in PR. RESULTS: Coefficient of repeatability for Spo2 was acceptable for 5 FPOs, but the limits of agreement for Spo2 were unacceptable for all FPOs. The limits of agreement for PR were acceptable for 2 FPOs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggested that some FPOs may be suitable for accurately monitoring PRs of healthy anesthetized dogs breathing 100% O2, but mild underestimation of Spo2 was common.


Assuntos
Oximetria , Oxigênio , Animais , Cães , Frequência Cardíaca , Hemoglobinas , Oximetria/veterinária , Respiração
5.
J Am Vet Med Assoc ; 236(7): 763-6, 2010 Apr 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20367043

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of cystotomy for complete removal of urocystoliths and urethroliths in dogs, the types and frequency of diagnostic imaging performed to verify complete urolith removal, the complications that develop as a result of cystotomy, and predictors of each of these variables. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. ANIMALS: 128 dogs that underwent a cystotomy for removal of urocystoliths, urethroliths, or both from 1994 through 2006. PROCEDURES: The following data were obtained from medical records: sex, body weight, number and locations of lower urinary tract uroliths identified in preoperative and postoperative imaging reports, types of imaging used for urolith detection, number of uroliths recovered during cystotomy, quantitative urolith composition, and major complications attributable to cystotomy. Objective criteria were applied to determine whether a cystotomy failed or succeeded and whether appropriate imaging was performed. Associations between potential prognostic factors and outcomes were statistically assessed. RESULTS: Effectiveness of cystotomy could be determined in 44 (34%) dogs, of which 9 (20%) had incomplete removal of uroliths. Appropriate postoperative imaging was performed for only 19 (15%) dogs, of which 8 had incomplete removal. Dogs with both urethroliths and urocystoliths were more likely to have a failed cystotomy than dogs with only urethroliths or urocystoliths. Complications developed in 5 (4%) dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Cystotomy was a safe and effective surgical procedure for removal of lower urinary tract uroliths in most dogs. Failure to remove all uroliths occurred in a substantial percentage of patients.


Assuntos
Cistotomia/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/cirurgia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/veterinária , Cálculos da Bexiga Urinária/veterinária , Animais , Cistotomia/efeitos adversos , Cães , Estudos Retrospectivos , Cálculos da Bexiga Urinária/complicações , Cálculos da Bexiga Urinária/cirurgia
6.
Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract ; 47(4): 807-821, 2017 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28576270

RESUMO

Hip dysplasia (HD) is a common orthopedic condition seen in small animal patients that leads to osteoarthritis of the coxofemoral joint. The disease can be managed conservatively or surgically. The goals of surgical treatment in the immature patient are to either prevent the clinical signs of HD or to prevent or slow the progression of osteoarthritis. In mature patients surgery is used as a salvage procedure to treat debilitating osteoarthritis. Conservative management can be used in dogs with mild or intermittent clinical signs and includes nutritional management and weight control, exercise modification, physical rehabilitation, pain management and disease-modifying agents.


Assuntos
Tratamento Conservador/veterinária , Displasia Pélvica Canina/terapia , Instabilidade Articular/veterinária , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacologia , Tratamento Conservador/métodos , Dieta/veterinária , Suplementos Nutricionais , Progressão da Doença , Doenças do Cão/terapia , Cães , Displasia Pélvica Canina/cirurgia , Instabilidade Articular/terapia , Condicionamento Físico Animal , Modalidades de Fisioterapia/veterinária
7.
Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract ; 47(4): 885-897, 2017 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28576273

RESUMO

Femoral head and neck excision is a surgical procedure that is commonly performed in small animal patients. It is a salvage procedure that is done to relieve pain in the coxofemoral joint and restore acceptable function of the limb. Femoral head and neck excision is most commonly used to treat severe osteoarthritis in the coxofemoral joint and can be done in dogs and cats of any size or age. The procedure should not be overused and ideally should not be done when the integrity of the coxofemoral joint can be restored.


Assuntos
Doenças do Gato/cirurgia , Doenças do Cão/cirurgia , Cabeça do Fêmur/cirurgia , Colo do Fêmur/cirurgia , Procedimentos Ortopédicos/veterinária , Osteoartrite/veterinária , Animais , Gatos , Cães , Displasia Pélvica Canina/cirurgia , Procedimentos Ortopédicos/efeitos adversos , Procedimentos Ortopédicos/métodos , Osteoartrite/cirurgia , Cuidados Pós-Operatórios/métodos , Cuidados Pós-Operatórios/veterinária , Resultado do Tratamento
8.
Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract ; 47(4): 935-944, 2017 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28576275

RESUMO

Total hip replacement is a salvage procedure that is done to alleviate discomfort secondary to osteoarthritis in the hip, which is most often a result of hip dysplasia. Commercially available total hip replacement implants for small animal patients are classified as cemented or cementless. The INNOPLANT Total Hip Replacement system includes modular, screw-in cementless components that were developed to improve implant stability by maintaining as much normal anatomic structure, and by extension biomechanics of the coxofemoral joint, as possible. As a newer system, there are few data and no long-term studies available in the veterinary literature.


Assuntos
Artroplastia de Quadril/veterinária , Displasia Pélvica Canina/cirurgia , Osteoartrite do Quadril/veterinária , Animais , Artroplastia de Quadril/métodos , Parafusos Ósseos , Doenças do Cão/cirurgia , Cães , Osteoartrite do Quadril/cirurgia , Cuidados Pós-Operatórios/métodos , Cuidados Pós-Operatórios/veterinária , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/veterinária
9.
Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol ; 30(5): 357-363, 2017 Sep 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28850153

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: A study was performed to evaluate the lumbar vertebrae of domestic rabbits using computed tomography (CT) in order to identify safe corridors for implant insertion. METHODS: Computed tomography imaging of 20 adult New Zealand white rabbits was evaluated using three-dimensional multiplanar reconstruction, and safe corridors were determined. Following corridor determination, implant placement was performed, and imaging was repeated. RESULTS: The cranial and caudal endplates contained the majority of the vertebral bone stock, and were an average of 3.14 and 3.30 mm in length, respectively. The mean safe corridor angle was 62.9 degrees (range: 58.8-66.7), and the mean width of the corridor was 2.03 mm (range: 1.60- 2.07). Post-placement imaging revealed that 35% of the pins demonstrated errors of placement, most commonly canal impingement. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the corridor evaluation indicate that an insertion angle of approximately 60 degrees relative to the sagittal midline is appropriate for implant insertion in the lumbar vertebrae of New Zealand white rabbits. Additionally, due to the hourglass shape of rabbit vertebrae, the endplates provide maximal bone stock for implant purchase, so insertion should be attempted in these regions. However, the high percentage of errors in placement indicate the need to more clearly define entry points to access the canal, and highlight the challenges of appropriate placement in the small bones of rabbits.


Assuntos
Vértebras Lombares/diagnóstico por imagem , Coelhos/anatomia & histologia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/veterinária , Animais , Pinos Ortopédicos , Parafusos Ósseos
12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23930156

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Airborne microorganisms within the hospital environment can potentially cause infection in susceptible patients. The objectives of this study were to identify, quantify, and determine the nosocomial potential of common airborne microorganisms present within a small animal teaching hospital. METHODS: Bioaerosol sampling was done initially in all 11 rooms and, subsequently, weekly samples were taken from selected rooms over a 9-week period. Samples were collected twice (morning and afternoon) at each site on each sampling day. The rooms were divided into two groups: Group 1, in which morning sampling was post-cleaning and afternoon sampling was during activity, and Group 2, in which morning sampling was pre-cleaning and afternoon sampling was post-cleaning. The total aerobic bacterial plate counts per m(3) and bacterial identification were done using standard microbiological methods. RESULTS: A total of 14 bacterial genera were isolated with the most frequent being Micrococcus spp. followed by species of Corynebacterium, Bacillus, and Staphylococcus. There was a significant interaction between location and time for rooms in Group 1 (p=0.0028) but not in Group 2 (p>0.05). Microbial counts for rooms in Group 2 were significantly greater in the mornings than in the afternoon (p=0.0049). The microbial counts were also significantly different between some rooms (p=0.0333). CONCLUSION: The detection of significantly higher airborne microbial loads in different rooms at different times of the day suggests that the probability of acquiring nosocomial infections is higher at these times and locations.

14.
Vet Radiol Ultrasound ; 52(4): 428-35, 2011.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21470338

RESUMO

The sensitivity of low-field magnetic resonance (MR) T2 images for predicting the presence of meniscal lesions was determined in 12 dogs with naturally-occurring cranial cruciate ligament rupture and three control dogs, using histopathology as the reference standard. Previously published grading systems were used to grade the severity of meniscal lesions on MR images, gross inspection and histopathology. Focal areas of increased signal intensity were detected in 11/12 symptomatic dogs and 3/3 control dogs. Lesions mimicking meniscal tears (pseudotears) were identified at junctions between meniscal margins and adjacent connective tissue in control dogs and dogs with naturally occurring disease. Histopathologic lesions were present in all menisci of both symptomatic and control dogs, including the menisci from two affected dogs that appeared grossly normal but were removed and submitted based on MR imaging findings. Histopathologic lesions identified included hyaline cartilage metaplasia and changes in the amount of ground substance and cellularity. The sensitivity of MR imaging for detecting the presence of meniscal histopathologic lesions was 90% in symptomatic dogs and 91% in control dogs. However, agreement between severity scores for the different tests was poor. Low-field MR imaging is a sensitive test for predicting the presence but not severity of meniscal histopathologic lesions in dogs with naturally-occurring cranial cruciate ligament rupture. Findings also supported previous studies indicating that histopathologic lesions can be present in dogs with grossly normal menisci. An improved grading system for comparing MR images and histopathologic severity of meniscal lesions in dogs is needed.


Assuntos
Ligamento Cruzado Anterior/patologia , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Coxeadura Animal/diagnóstico , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/veterinária , Meniscos Tibiais/patologia , Osteoartrite/veterinária , Animais , Ligamento Cruzado Anterior/cirurgia , Lesões do Ligamento Cruzado Anterior , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Doenças do Cão/etiologia , Doenças do Cão/cirurgia , Cães , Feminino , Coxeadura Animal/etiologia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Masculino , Meniscos Tibiais/cirurgia , Osteoartrite/complicações , Osteoartrite/diagnóstico , Osteoartrite/cirurgia , Ruptura/diagnóstico , Ruptura/veterinária , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Lesões do Menisco Tibial
16.
Vet Surg ; 33(5): 531-41, 2004.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15362993

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: (1) To determine whether an extracapsular patellar ligament/fascia lata graft would provide stability in the cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL)-deficient stifle comparable with that of the intact stifle. (2) To determine if different tibial anchor points would enhance stability of the CrCLdeficient stifle when compared with the standard fabellar-tibial suture (FTS) placement. STUDY DESIGN: Experimental. ANIMALS: Twenty-eight canine cadaver hind limbs. METHODS: Stifles were mounted in a jig and tested between loads of -65 and 80 N. After testing the intact CrCL, 4 stabilization techniques were tested after CrCL transection: lateral graft technique (LGT) and 3 FTS with different tibial anchor points. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in displacement between the LGT and standard FTS, between the LGT and the intact CrCL, or between the FTS and the intact CrCL, in either the Securos or the Screw-washer experiments. Stiffness of the intact CrCL was significantly greater than that of any stabilization technique and the cut CrCL. The standard FTS showed the least displacement of all suture stabilization techniques. Differences in stiffness were not significant between the suture stabilization techniques. CONCLUSIONS: Securely anchored, the LGT results in a reduction in drawer motion similar to that of the intact CrCL and the standard FTS. Altering the tibial anchor point for the FTS does not improve stiffness or enhance stabilization of the CrCL-deficient stifle. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The LGT could be used for the treatment of CrCL ruptures in the dog. A clinical study is recommended.


Assuntos
Lesões do Ligamento Cruzado Anterior , Ligamento Cruzado Anterior/cirurgia , Cães/lesões , Fascia Lata/cirurgia , Ligamento Patelar/cirurgia , Técnicas de Sutura/veterinária , Tíbia/cirurgia , Animais , Cães/cirurgia , Ruptura/cirurgia , Ruptura/veterinária , Joelho de Quadrúpedes/lesões , Joelho de Quadrúpedes/cirurgia , Resultado do Tratamento
17.
Veterinary surgery ; 33(5): 531-541, Sept-Oct. 2004. ilus, tab, gra
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-17135

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE-(1) To determine whether an extracapsular patellar ligament/fascia lata graft would provide stability in the cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL)-deficient stifle comparable with that of the intact. (2) To determine if different tibial anchor points would enhance stability of the CrCL-deficient stifle when compared with the standard fabellar-tibial suture (FTS) placement. STUDY DESIGN-Experimental. ANIMALS-Twenty-eight canine cadaver hind limbs. METHODS-Stifles were mounted in a jig and tested between loads of -65 and 80 N. After testing the intact CrCL, 4 stabilization techniques were tested after CrCL transection: lateral graft technique (LGT) and 3FTS with different tibial anchor points. RESULTS-There were no significant differences in displacement between the LGT and standard FTS between the LGT and the intact CrCL, or between the FTS and the intact CrCL, in either the Securos or the Screw-washer experiments. Stiffness of the intact CrCL was significantly greater than that of any stabilization techniques. Differences in stiffness were not significant between the suture stabilization techniques. CONCLUSIONS-Securely anchored, the LGT results in a reduction in drawer motion similar to that of the intact CrCL and the standard FTS. Altering the tibial anchor point of the FTs does not improve stiffness or enhance stabilization of the CrCL-deficient Stifle. CLINICAL RELEVANCE-The LGT could be used for the treatment of CrCL ruptures in the dog. A clinical study is recommended (AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Ligamento Patelar/cirurgia , Ligamento Patelar/transplante , Fáscia , Joelho de Quadrúpedes/cirurgia , Tíbia/cirurgia , Cães/cirurgia , Técnicas de Sutura/veterinária
18.
Veterinary surgery ; 33(5): 531-541, Sep 2004.
Artigo em Inglês | MedCarib | ID: med-17561

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: (1) To determine whether an extracapsular patellar ligament/fascia lata graft would provide stability in the cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL)-deficient stifle comparable with that of the intact stifle. (2) To determine if different tibial anchor points would enhance stability of the CrCLdeficient stifle when compared with the standard fabellar-tibial suture (FTS) placement. STUDY DESIGN: Experimental. ANIMALS: Twenty-eight canine cadaver hind limbs. METHODS: Stifles were mounted in a jig and tested between loads of -65 and 80 N. After testing the intact CrCL, 4 stabilization techniques were tested after CrCL transection: lateral graft technique (LGT) and 3 FTS with different tibial anchor points. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in displacement between the LGT and standard FTS, between the LGT and the intact CrCL, or between the FTS and the intact CrCL, in either the Securos or the Screw-washer experiments. Stiffness of the intact CrCL was significantly greater than that of any stabilization technique and the cut CrCL. The standard FTS showed the least displacement of all suture stabilization techniques. Differences in stiffness were not significant between the suture stabilization techniques. CONCLUSIONS: Securely anchored, the LGT results in a reduction in drawer motion similar to that of the intact CrCL and the standard FTS. Altering the tibial anchor point for the FTS does not improve stiffness or enhance stabilization of the CrCL-deficient stifle. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The LGT could be used for the treatment of CrCL ruptures in the dog. A clinical study is recommended.


Assuntos
Cães , Ligamento Patelar/cirurgia , Fascia Lata/cirurgia , Joelho de Quadrúpedes/cirurgia , Ligamento Cruzado Posterior/cirurgia , Ligamento Patelar/transplante , Suturas/normas , Cães/lesões , Cães/cirurgia
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