Relationship Between Maximal Dynamic Force in the Deep Back Squat and Sprinting Performance in Consecutive Segments Up to 30 m.

ABSTRACT: Möck, S, Hartmann, R, Wirth, K, Rosenkranz, G, and Mickel, C. Relationship between maximal dynamic force in the deep back squat and sprinting performance in consecutive segments up to 30 m. J Strength Cond Res 35(4): 1039-1043, 2021-The sprint (in track and field athletics) is characterized by a fluent transition from predominantly knee extending musculature during the initial acceleration phase toward dominance of the hamstring muscle group thereafter. Because of this change in technique, it can be assumed that there is a decrease of correlation of the maximal dynamic force of the deep back squat and sprinting performance with increasing distance. Therefore, sprinting performance for consecutive intervals (0-5, 5-10, 10-15, 15-20, 20-25, and 25-30 m) as well as the 1 repetition maximum (1RM) were determined. Our results show statistically significant (p < 0.01) correlations for both the relationships with the absolute 1RM (r = -0.614 to -0.808) and the relative 1RM (r = -0.646 to -0.749). However, the expected decrease in correlation over distance was not found. The results show that the maximal dynamic force of hip and knee extensors are a basic performance requirement in short-distance sprinting and should be considered in training recommendations.

Correlation of dynamic strength in the standing calf raise with sprinting performance in consecutive sections up to 30 meters.

Sprinting represents a result-relevant task in many sports. The correlation of sprinting performance and one-repetition maximum (1RM) in a squat has been assumed as assured. Results of the correlation with 1RM of the plantar flexors are still pending. Assuming an increasing relevance of the reactive working capacity with increasing distance, a decrease of the influence of maximum strength of the calves is conceivable. We investigated the correlation of 1RM in a calf raise and sprint performance in consecutive sections up to 30 meters. The results showed medium to strong, very significant correlations (p < 0.01) for absolute (r = -0.483 to r = -0.720) and relative (r = -0.460 to -0.577) strength, whereas an increase of the correlation throughout the course is observed. The dynamic maximum strength of the calves is a basic prerequisite for short sprints and should be regarded as a performance reserve.

Self-expanding metallic stents for palliation and as a bridge to minimally invasive surgery in colorectal obstruction.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Acute colorectal obstruction is a potentially life-threatening emergency that requires immediate surgical treatment. Emergency procedures had an associated mortality rate of 10% to 30%. This encouraged development of other options, most notably self-expanding metallic stents. The primary endpoint of this study to is to report our group's experience. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of 37 patients who underwent self-expanding metallic stent placement for colorectal obstruction between July 2000 and May 2012. Data collected were age, comorbidities, diagnosis, intent of intervention (palliative vs bridge to surgery), complications, and follow-up. RESULTS: The study comprised 21 men (56.76%) and 16 women (43.24%), with a mean age of 67 years. The intent of the procedure was definitive treatment in 22 patients (59.46%) and bridge to surgery in 15 (40.54%). The highest technical success rate was at the rectosigmoid junction (100%). The causes of technical failure were inability of the guidewire to traverse the stricture and bowel perforation related to stenting. The mean follow-up period was 9.67 months. Pain and constipation were the most common postprocedure complications. DISCUSSION: The use of a self-expanding metallic stent has been shown to be effective for palliation of malignant obstruction. It is associated with a lower incidence of intensive care unit admission, shorter hospital stay, lower stoma rate, and earlier chemotherapy administration. Laparoscopic or robotic surgery can then be performed in an elective setting on a prepared bowel. Therefore the patient benefits from advantages of the combination of 2 minimally invasive procedures in a nonemergent situation. Further large-scale prospective studies are necessary.

Pancreatic cancer presenting as bowel obstruction and role of next generation sequencing: A case report.

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is one of the leading causes of death. Presentation with colonic metastases is far less frequently reported in the literature and may be misdiagnosed as colonic adenocarcinoma. We report the case of a female patient with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma that presented with a sigmoid obstruction. CASE PRESENTATION: A 66-year-old female presented with constipation and abdominal pain. She was found to have an obstructing sigmoid colon lesion, multiple metastatic lesions in the liver, and a pancreatic tail lesion. She underwent left hemicolectomy and ostomy placement. The gross pathology of the colon and needle biopsy of the liver was consistent of pancreatobiliary origin. Genomic screening performed, patient found to be KRAS G12R mutated. She was given one cycle of chemotherapy, thereafter was referred to hospice care. CLINICAL DISCUSSION: Primary metastatic pancreatic cancer is now the 2nd most diagnosed cancer in the United States after lung cancer. The prognosis for the malignancy is poor, patients are usually diagnosed late at the time that the tumor has metastasized to other organs. Colonic metastasis is a rarely seen and far less frequently reported in the literature. Next-generation-sequencing was performed at baseline to further characterize her tumor for any actionable mutations. CONCLUSION: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is an aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis. Next-generation-sequencing may offer targeted therapy if an actionable mutation is present such as our patient's, however due to late diagnosis, rapid clinical deterioration, and next-generation sequencing delay we were unable to alter the patient's outcome.

Simultaneous biosynthesis of two copolymers in Pseudomonas putida GPo1 using a two-stage continuous culture system.

The bacterial production of medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) in continuous two-stage cultivation was investigated. Two chemostats were linked in sequence and Pseudomonas putida GPo1 was supplied with different concentrations of octanoic acid in the first and 10-undecenoic acid in the second reactor. PHA isolated from the second bioreactor was a blend of two copolymers typically consisting of poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHO) and poly(3-hydroxy-10-undecenoate-co-3-hydroxy-8-nonenoate-co-3-hydroxy-6-heptenoate) (PHUE) with structural (monomeric) purities of 85-95 mol %, indicating simultaneous PHA accumulation and degradation inside the cell. The maximum PHA content was found to be 53.8% of total cell dry weight, which is very high for mcl-PHA.

Description of a pilot anal pap smear screening program among individuals attending a Veteran's Affairs HIV clinic.

Despite the higher risk of anal cancer among HIV-infected individuals currently there are no national or international guidelines for anal dysplasia screening. We assessed acceptance and feasibility of screening for anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN), the rate of abnormalities, and relationship between the presence of AIN and a history of receptive anal intercourse. Eighty-two percent of HIV-patients approached during routine clinic visit agreed to participate in the study with anal Pap smear collection; 53% had abnormal cytology results and among those undergoing high-resolution anoscopy with biopsy, 55% had high-grade AIN, including 2 cases of carcinoma in situ. Anal cytology was well accepted and it was feasible to be incorporated into HIV primary care practice. Abnormal cytology was not significantly associated with history of anal intercourse (p = 0.767). The high rate of abnormal results reinforces the need for further evaluation of the role of systematic anal Pap smear screening for HIV patients.

Efficient production of (R)-3-hydroxycarboxylic acids by biotechnological conversion of polyhydroxyalkanoates and their purification.

An efficient method to prepare enantiomerically pure (R)-3-hydroxycarboxylic acids from bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) accumulated by Pseudomonas putida GPo1 is reported in this study. (R)-3-Hydroxycarboxylic acids from whole cells were obtained when conditions were provided to promote in vivo depolymerization of intracellular PHA. The monomers were secreted into the extracellular environment. They were separated and purified by acidic precipitation, preparative reversed-phase column chromatography, and subsequent solvent extraction. Eight (R)-3-hydroxycarboxylic acids were isolated: (R)-3-hydroxyoctanoic acid, (R)-3-hydroxyhexanoic acid, (R)-3-hydroxy-10-undecenoic acid, (R)-3-hydroxy-8-nonenoic acid, (R)-3-hydroxy-6-heptenoic acid, (R)-3-hydroxyundecanoic acid, (R)-3-hydroxynonanoic acid, and (R)-3-hydroxyheptanoic acid. The overall yield based on released monomers was around 78 wt % for (R)-3-hydroxyoctanoic acid. All obtained monomers had a purity of over 95 wt %. The physical properties of the purified monomers and their antimicrobial activities were also investigated.

Tailor-made olefinic medium-chain-length poly[(R)-3-hydroxyalkanoates] by Pseudomonas putida GPo1: batch versus chemostat production.

Functionalized medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoates (mclPHAs) have gained much interest in research on biopolymers because of their ease of chemical modification. Tailored olefinic mclPHA production from mixtures of octanoic acid and 10-undecenoic acid was investigated in batch and dual (C,N) nutrient limited chemostat cultures of Pseudomonas putida GPo1 (ATCC 29347). In a batch culture, where P. putida GPo1 was grown on a mixture of octanoic acid (58 mol%) and 10-undecenoic acid (42 mol%), it was found that the fraction of aliphatic monomers was slightly lower in mclPHA produced during exponential growth than during late stationary phase. Thus, the total monomeric composition changed over time indicating different kinetics for the two carbon substrates. Chemostat experiments showed that the dual (C,N) nutrient limited growth regime (DNLGR) for 10-undecenoic acid coincided with the one for octanoic acid. Five different chemostats on equimolar mixtures of octanoic acid and 10-undecenoic acid within the DNLGR revealed that the monomeric composition of mclPHA was not a function of the carbon to nitrogen (C(0)/N(0)) ratio in the feed medium but rather of the dilution rate. The fraction of aliphatic monomers in the accumulated mclPHA was slightly lower at high dilution rates and increased towards low dilution rates, again indicating different kinetics for the two carbon substrates in P. putida GPo1.

Bacterial poly(hydroxyalkanoates) as a source of chiral hydroxyalkanoic acids.

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are polyesters of various hydroxyalkanoates accumulated in numerous bacteria. All of the monomeric units of PHA are enantiomerically pure and in R-configuration. R-Hydroxyalkanoic acids can be widely used as chiral starting materials in fine chemical, pharmaceutical and medical industries. In this study, we established an efficient method for the production of chiral hydroxyalkanoic acid monomers from PHA. Pseudomonas putida cells containing PHA were resuspended in phosphate buffer at different pH. We observed that the optimal initial pH for intracellular PHA degradation and monomer release was at pH 8-11 with pH 11 as the best. At initial pH 11, PHA containing 3-hydroxyoctanoic acid and 3-hydroxyhexanoic acid was degraded with an efficiency of over 90% (w/w) in 9 h, and the yield of the corresponding monomers was also over 90%. Under the same conditions, unsaturated monomers were also effectively produced from PHA containing 3-hydroxy-6-heptenoic acid, 3-hydroxy-8-nonenoic acid, and 3-hydroxy-10-undecenoic acid. The monomers (e.g., 3-hydroxyoctanoic acid) were further isolated using solid phase extraction and purified on reversed phase semipreparative liquid chromatography. We confirmed that the purified 3-hydroxyoctanoic acid monomer has exclusively the R-configuration.

Long-term survival after laparoscopic colon resection for cancer: complete five-year follow-up.

PURPOSE: The role of laparoscopic surgery in the cure of colorectal cancer is controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate long-term survival after curative, laparoscopic resection of colorectal cancer. Specifically, we wanted to review those patients who now had complete five-year follow-up. METHODS: One hundred two consecutive patients (March 1991 to March 1996) underwent laparoscopic colon resections for cancer at one institution and now have complete five-year survival data. Charts were retrospectively reviewed and results compared with conventional surgery, i.e., open colectomy at our institution, and with the National Cancer Data Base during a similar time period. RESULTS: Fifty-nine male and 43 female patients with an average age of 70 (range, 34-92) years made up the study. Complications occurred in 23 percent of patients, and one patient died (1 percent). Forty-four laparoscopic right colectomies, 2 transverse colectomies, 36 laparoscopic left or sigmoid colectomies, 15 laparoscopic low anterior resections, and 5 laparoscopic abdominoperineal resections were performed. The average number of lymph nodes harvested was 6.6 +/- 0.61 (range, 0-22). Eight cases (7.8 percent) were "converted to open"; i.e., the typical 6-cm extraction site was lengthened to complete mobilization, devascularization, resection, or anastomosis, or a separate incision was required to complete the procedure. There was one extraction-site recurrence and one port-site recurrence; both occurred before the routine use of plastic-sleeve wound protection. The mean follow-up for laparoscopic colon resection patients was 64.4 +/- 2.8 (range, 1-111) months. According to the TNM classification system, 27 patients had Stage I cancer, 37 had Stage II, 23 had Stage III, and 15 had Stage IV. Similar five-year survival rates for laparoscopic and conventional surgery for cancer were noted. The five-year relative survival rates in the laparoscopic colon resection group were 73 percent for Stage I, 61 percent for Stage II, 55 percent for Stage III, and 0 percent for Stage IV. The five-year relative survival rates for the open colectomy and National Cancer Data Base groups were 75 and 70 percent, respectively, for Stage I, 65 and 60 percent for Stage II, 46 and 44 percent for Stage III, and 11 and 7 percent for Stage IV. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic colon resection for cancer is safe and feasible in a private setting. Our data suggest that long-term survival after laparoscopic colon resection for cancer is similar to survival after conventional surgery. Prospective, randomized trials presently under way will likely confirm these results.