Characterisation of the complete mitochondrial genome, genetic diversity and maternal origin of Huainan Partridge chicken.

1. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the complete mitochondrial genome, genetic diversity and maternal origin of Huainan Partridge chicken (HPC).2. One complete mitochondrial genome and 37 complete D-loop regions of HPC were sequenced. Moreover, 400 mitochondrial genome D-loop sequences of Chinese native chicken were downloaded from the National Centre for Biotechnology Information database.3. The complete HPC genome was 16,785 bp in size, including 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes and one non-coding control region. The haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity of HPC were 0.964, and 0.00615, respectively. Twenty-three variable sites defining 22 haplotypes were identified, and the 22 haplotypes were distributed into three haplogroups (A, B, and C).4. In conclusion, HPC has a typical vertebrate mitochondrial genome, relatively high haplotype diversity, relatively low nucleotide diversity, and potentially three maternal lineages. HPC showed considerable genetic information exchange with Southwest Chinese chicken populations and had not admixed with European commercial breeds in the course of domestication.

[Application of occupational hazard risk index model in occupational health risk assessment in a decorative coating manufacturing enterprises].

Objective: To evaluate the occupational health risk of decorative coating manufacturing enterprises and to explore the applicability of occupational hazard risk index model in the health risk assessment, so as to provide basis for the health management of enterprises. Methods: A decorative coating manufacturing enterprise in Hebei Province was chosen as research object, following the types of occupational hazards and contact patterns, the occupational hazard risk index model was used to evaluate occupational health risk factors of occupational hazards in the key positions of the decorative coating manufacturing enterprise, and measured with workplace test results and occupational health examination. Results: The positions of oily painters, water-borne painters, filling workers and packers who contacted noise were moderate harm. And positions of color workers who contacted chromic acid salts, oily painters who contacted butyl acetate were mild harm. Other positions were harmless. The abnormal rate of contacting noise in physical examination results was 6.25%, and the abnormality was not checked by other risk factors. Conclusion: The occupational hazard risk index model can be used in the occupational health risk assessment of decorative coating manufacturing enterprises, and noise was the key harzard among occupational harzards in this enterprise.

Simultaneous determination of salbutamol, ractopamine, and clenbuterol in animal feeds by SPE and LC-MS.

A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method for the simultaneous determination of salbutamol, ractopamine, and clenbuterol in commercial feeds was developed. Samples were extracted with phosphoric acid-methanol solution, and further clean-up was achieved with a C18 cation exchange mixed mode cartridge. Separation of analytes was developed on a C18 column with 0.01 M aqueous ammonium formate solution (pH 3.8)-acetonitrile by gradient program, and characterized by LC-MS on a quadrupole detector, in electrospray positive ion mode. This method provides average recoveries for salbutamol, ractopamine, and clenbuterol of 83-110% and coefficients of variation of 1.5-11% in feeds spiked in the range of 0.5-500 mg/kg. The limits of detection and quantification in feeds were 0.01 mg/kg and 0.05 mg/kg, respectively. Such limits are well below the dose of 2-25 mg/kg feed proposed as effective.