Conformer aggregates exhibit dual wavelength emissions on chiral binaphthyl-based triphenylethylenes and acetone detection.

The study on structure-property relationship has been a significant focus in the field of organic molecular luminescence. In the present work, three chiral binaphthyl-based triphenylethylene (HTPE) derivatives were prepared through condensation reactions. Despite their similar structures, these compounds exhibited distinct luminescent properties. Diphenylmethane-derived HTPE displayed dual-state emissions, characterized by dual-wavelength emissions which were insensitive to the polarity of solvents. The dual emissions in solution state could be attributed to the different locally excited (LE) excitons. However, upon aggregation, two stable conformers were generated, probably leading to different emission peaks. In contrast, dibenzocycloheptadiene-derived HTPE aggregates showed only a single emission peak. Surprisingly, fluorene-derived HTPE exhibited obvious luminescence in neither solution nor aggregate states due to inherent π-π interactions. These conclusions were substantiated by X-ray analysis, spectroscopic analysis, and theory calculations. Application studies demonstrated that fluorescence on/off switches could be achieved through exposure to acetone. More importantly, trace amounts of acetone could be detected using luminescent materials in both organic and aqueous phases with a detection limit of 0.08 %. Thus, this work not only presents a strategy for designing chiral triphenylethylene fluorophores but also provides valuable information for dual wavelength emissions resulting from two stable conformations.

Chiral Dual Core Chromophores Based on Binaphthyl Acrylonitrile Motif with Tunable Dual Emission Bands and Anti-counterfeiting.

Small organic molecules which can emit fluorescence with tunable dual emission bands are significant for fundamental research and broad applications. In this work, two binaphthyl based arylacrylonitrile derivatives with pyrene and triphenylamine unit (BiNp-Py and BiNp-TPA) were designed and synthesized, respectively, featuring chiral backbone and dual AIE-active cyanostyrene-linked chromophores. Excellent fluorescence emissions in a range of solution and solid states were observed with high quantum yields, indicative of the solvatochromism and mechanochromism. More interestingly, dual emission bands were found and tunable by the water fraction in THF, and speculatively attributed to the balancing of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) and locally excited (LE) emission in solution and aggregate states. Furthermore, the potential application in anti-counterfeiting ink was also explored, indicating the very low concentration (5 ppm) for sufficient distinguishable vision and small colour migration (28 nm) for printing on the filter. The present work provides a new strategy to design organic luminescent structure having widely fluorescent emissions in dual states and a valuable reference for the study of chiral optical materials.

Viologen-Based Photochromic Coordination Polymers for Inkless and Erasable Prints.

Four coordination polymers, namely, [Zn(HL1)(L2)0.5]·H2O (1), [Cd(HL1)(L2)0.5]·H2O (2), [Zn(L1)(L3)0.5]·H2O (3), and [Cd(L1)(L3)0.5] (4) (H3L1 = (3,5-dicarboxyl-phenyl)-(4-(2'-carboxyl-phenyl)-benzyl)ether, H2L2Cl2 = 1,1'-bis(4-carboxy-benzyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium dichloride, and L3Cl2 = 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridylium dichloride), have been synthesized hydrothermally. The structures of compounds 1-4 have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses, and further characterized by elemental analyses, infrared (IR) spectra, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analyses, and thermogravimetric analyses. Compounds 1 and 2 display three-dimensional 2-fold interpenetrating frameworks, whereas compounds 3 and 4 exhibit two-dimensional layer structures. These compounds display photochromic behaviors from pale yellow to green under UV light, visible light, or sunlight. The photochromic mechanisms of these compounds have been studied by IR spectra, PXRD analyses, UV-vis absorption spectra, electron paramagnetic resonance spectra, density functional theory calculations, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The capabilities of compounds 1 and 2 as inkless and erasable printing media have also been tested. Moreover, the photomodulated fluorescence of these compounds has also been investigated.

Series of solvent-induced single-crystal to single-crystal transformations with different sizes of solvent molecules.

A highly stable soft porous coordination polymer (PCP), namely [Cu3(TP)4(N3)2(DMF)2]·2H2O·2DMF (1), has been synthesized via an in situ synthesis of 4-tetrazole pyridine (TP) under solvothermal conditions (DMF = N,N'-dimethylformamide). Remarkably, the solvent molecules in 1 can be respectively exchanged with cyclohexane (C6H12), cyclopentane (C5H10), decahydronaphthalene (C10H18), 1,4-dioxane (C4H8O2), and tetrahydropyrane (C5H10O) in single-crystal to single-crystal (SCSC) manners to yield [Cu3(TP)4(N3)2(DMF)2]·3C6H12 (1a), [Cu3(TP)4(N3)2(DMF)2]·2C5H10 (1b), [Cu3(TP)4(N3)2(DMF)2]·H2O·C10H18 (1c), [Cu3(TP)4(N3)2(DMF)2]·C4H8O2 (1d), [Cu3(TP)4(N3)2]·3C4H8O2 (1e), and [Cu3(TP)4(N3)2]·2H2O·C5H10O (1f). Further, the occluded cyclohexane molecules in 1a can be removed by heating to give its porous guest-free form [Cu3(TP)4(N3)2(DMF)2] (1g). Particularly, in water, 1 can lose its coordinated N3(-) anions to generate [Cu(TP)2(H2O)4]·4H2O (1h). More interestingly, the soft PCP (1) demonstrates the guest selectivity for the cycloalkane solvents, namely cyclohexane, cyclopentane, and decahydronaphthalene, in SCSC manners for the first time, attributed to the synergy effect between the size and geometry of the solvent and the shape of the framework cavity. Moreover, the desolvated samples of 1e show the highly selective gas adsorption of CO2 over N2, indicating its potential application in the separation of the CO2/N2 mixture.

Optimal exercise dose and type for improving sleep quality: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of RCTs.

Background: A substantial amount of research has explored the intricate relationship between exercise and sleep quality, consistently confirming that exercise can effectively enhance sleep quality. Nevertheless, previous studies have yet to conclusively determine which specific exercise program is most efficacious in improving sleep quality. To address this gap, the present study systematically evaluated the differential effects of various types of exercise, as well as exercise dosages (including duration, intervention period, frequency, and intensity), on sleep outcomes using a network meta-analysis approach. This endeavor aims to provide evidence-based support for the development of scientifically effective exercise programs tailored to improve sleep quality. Methods: Through the Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Scopus databases, we conducted a search for randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of exercise interventions on sleep, with a search cutoff date of April 30, 2024. We rigorously selected the literature according to the PICOS principle, and two independent researchers extracted the data. We would like to change this passage to: Bias risk assessment was conducted using the RevMan 5.4 software, and traditional meta-analysis and network meta-analysis were performed using Stata 17.0 software to generate forest plots, network evidence plots, and funnel plots. Furthermore, we adopted the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) to evaluate and rank the intervention effects of different exercise types and dosages on sleep quality. To verify the robustness of our study results, we performed a sensitivity analysis using the leave-one-out method. Results: The study strictly adhered to the PRISMA guidelines and included 58 RCT papers with a total of 5,008 participants. The network meta-analysis revealed significant variations in the impact of exercise frequency on sleep outcomes when compared to the control group. Interventions of 1-2 times per week [SMD = -0.85, 95% CI (-1.43, -0.26)], 3 times per week [SMD = -0.45, 95% CI (-0.80, -0.11)], and 4 times per week [SMD = -1.09, 95% CI (-1.92, -0.26)] demonstrated the most notable effects. Interventions lasting ≤30 min and 60-65 min were significantly more effective than the control group, with ≤30 min proving significantly more effective than 40-55 min [SMD = 0.75, 95% CI (0.01, 1.49)]. Interventions lasting 9-10 weeks [SMD = -1.40, 95% CI (-2.37, -0.44)], 12-16 weeks [SMD = -0.55, 95% CI (-0.90, -0.20)], and ≥ 24 weeks [SMD = -0.71, 95% CI (-1.31, -0.10)] were all significantly more effective than the control group. Additionally, the 9-10 weeks intervention period was found to be significantly more effective than the 6-8 weeks period [SMD = -1.21, 95% CI (-2.37, -0.04)]. Furthermore, interventions of moderate intensity [SMD = -1.06, 95% CI (-1.52, -0.61)] and high intensity [SMD = -1.48, 95% CI (-2.55, -0.40)] exercise interventions yielded significantly greater benefits compared to the control group. Specifically, high intensity interventions [SMD = -1.97, 95% CI (-3.37, -0.56)] and moderate intensity [SMD = -1.55, 95% CI (-2.57, -0.54)] exercise interventions were found to be significantly more effective than moderate-high intensity interventions. In terms of exercise types, aerobic exercise [SMD = -0.56, 95% CI (-0.86, -0.27)], traditional Chinese exercises [SMD = -0.57, 95% CI (-0.97, -0.18)], and combined exercise [SMD = -0.99, 95% CI (-1.66, -0.32)] interventions all produced significant improvements compared to the control group. The study determined that the most effective combination of exercise prescription elements for enhancing sleep quality includes a frequency of 4 times per week (SUCRA = 84.7), a duration of ≤30 min (SUCRA = 92.2), a period of 9-10 weeks (SUCRA = 89.9), and high-intensity (SUCRA = 92.9) combined exercise (SUCRA = 82.7). Conclusion: The current evidence indicates that combined exercise with a frequency of 4 times per week, a duration of ≤30 min, a period of 9-10 weeks, and high intensity is most effective for improving sleep quality. Nevertheless, due to the limited number of studies included, further research is needed to enhance the reliability of the findings. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier: CRD42024555428.

Enhanced stability and tunable photoluminescence in Mn2+-doped one-dimensional hybrid lead halide perovskites for high-performance white light emitting diodes.

Organic-inorganic hybrid low-dimensional lead halides have garnered significant interest in the realm of solid-state optical materials due to their unique properties and potential applications. In this study, we report the synthesis, characterization and application of Mn2+-doped one-dimensional (1D) [AEP]PbCl5·H2O hybrid lead halide perovskites with tunable photoluminescence properties. The Mn2+ doping leads to a redshift of the dominant emission wavelength from 463 nm to 630 nm, with the optimal doping concentration resulting in an enhanced photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) from less than 1% to 8.96%. The structural and optical stability of these doped perovskites have been thoroughly investigated revealing excellent performance under humid and high-temperature conditions. Perovskite-PVP composite films exhibit high crystallization and bright orange-red emission under UV excitation. Furthermore, we demonstrate the successful fabrication of a white LED device using the Mn2+-doped perovskite in combination with commercial green and blue phosphors. The fabricated LED exhibits a high color rendering index (CRI) of 87.2 and stable electroluminescence performance under various operating currents and extended operation times. Our findings highlight the potential of Mn2+-doped 1D hybrid lead halide perovskites as efficient and stable phosphors for high-performance white light emitting diodes and other optoelectronic applications.

A series of host-guest coordination polymers containing viologens: syntheses, crystal structures, thermo/photochromism and factors influencing their thermo/photochromic behaviors.

Responsive molecular chromic materials have shown potential applications in molecular optical switches and sensor devices as they undergo reversible colour changes upon application of external stimuli. Herein, six host-guest coordination polymers 1-6 and one organic supramolecular compound 7 containing viologens have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. Compound 1 shows thermochromic behavior with a colour change from green to blue upon heating at 150 °C in air. Compounds 3, 4 and 7 display photochromic behaviors with a colour change from pale yellow to green under UV light, visible light or sunlight. The relationship between their structures and chromic behaviors has been discussed. Thermo/photochromic mechanisms have been investigated by infrared spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction analysis, UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results demonstrate the generation of viologen radicals caused by thermo/photo-induced electron transfer. It is found that compound 4 can be used as an inkless and erasable printing medium. In addition, compounds 3, 4, and 7 can be used as anti-counterfeiting materials for QR codes. Our findings demonstrate the possibility of applying thermo/photochromic coordination polymers in molecular devices.

Research on Comprehensive Evaluation Model of Physical Education Teaching Quality Based on Multivariate Data

Because of the complexity of the factors affecting the quality of teaching has obvious, lead to the larger error in the results of the assessment. Therefore, put forward the physical education teaching quality comprehensive evaluation model based on multivariate data research. Using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to build the physical teaching quality evaluation mechanism, based on the relative importance of data, establish compound consistency check of judgment matrix. The weights were assigned according to the importance of the data, and the weighted results were equally divided by the method of pulling apart grades. Finally, the physical education teaching quality was evaluated based on AHP-ISD model. The experimental results show that the accuracy of the method can reach more than 97%, which is obviously better than the method of comparison(AU)

An unusual porous metal-organic framework that demonstrates the highly efficient exchange of metal ions and the reversible adsorption of iodine.

An exceedingly rare porous metal-organic framework that is based on cadmium ions and multi carboxylate ligands, namely, Na(0.25)[(CH3)2NH2](1.75)[Cd(L)2]·x solvent (1, H2L=2-hydroxymethyl-4,6-bi(2'-methoxyl-4'-(2''-1''-carboxyl)-ethlene)-1,3,5-mesitylene), has been successfully synthesized under solvothermal conditions. Compound 1 exhibits a 2D network that is constructed from left- and right-handed helical chains. Furthermore, neighboring 2D layers are stacked to give a porous motif. Strikingly, compound 1 exhibits the highly efficient exchange of metal ions from the main framework components whilst maintaining the structural integrity and the crystallinity of the network. In addition, Compound 1 also shows outstanding performance in the reversible adsorption of iodine.

Functional regeneration of irradiated salivary glands with human amniotic epithelial cells transplantation.

This study aimed to investigate the functional restoration of radiation-damaged salivary gland with human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs) transplantation by intra-glandular injection. hAECs were isolated from the amnion tissues. After primary culture, the phenotype of hAECs of the second passage was identified by flow cytometry (FCM) and immunocytochemical staining. Then, hAECs were intra-glandularly injected into the irradiated glands of mice. At different time points after transplantation, the glands were collected for hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and immunofluorescence staining, and the saliva flow rate was also determined. Results showed these cells were positive for CD29, CD73 and CK19 and negative for CD44, CD34, CD45 and CD71. The transplanted hAECs in the recipient glands could differentiate into acinar-like cells and resulted in morphological and functional restoration of salivary gland.

Solid-state single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation from a 2D layer to a 3D framework mediated by lattice iodine release.

We describe an exceedingly rare example of solid-state single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation from a 2D layer to a known 3D framework via lattice iodine release, which involves the formation of a new Cu-O ligand bond and a change in the metal coordination geometry.