RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Serious games are play-based technologies designed to teach users a wide range of concepts and skills applicable in the non-virtual environment. OBJECTIVES: This paper describes the process of developing a serious game for people with bipolar disorder to promote symptom recognition and the safe use of medications. METHODS: This study was based on the User-Centered Design methodological model and the theoretical framework for Participatory Design. We conducted interviews with health professionals and discussion circles with people with bipolar disorder and their family members in order to identify the learning needs related to symptom recognition and safe medication use. A categorical analysis was completed of the participants' reports and the scientific literature and formed the basis for the design of Mundo de Pólus. RESULTS: The game development process had three pillars (detailed in this manuscript): missions, simulation, and journal. The serious game focuses on the users' perceptions about their experience with the disorder, their interpersonal relationships, coping strategies, use of medications, and non-pharmacological treatments. CONCLUSIONS: These scientific and technological outcomes are useful to promote literacy and safety in medication therapy for people with bipolar disorder.
Assuntos
Transtorno Bipolar , Humanos , Transtorno Bipolar/terapia , Adaptação Psicológica , Relações Interpessoais , FamíliaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Considering the high worldwide prevalence of common mental disorders (CMDs), characterizing the association between CMD and quality of life (QoL) constitute a valuable measure to gauge patient's functional impairment due to CMD symptoms. OBJECTIVE: To investigate factors associated with the incidence of CMD and its impact on the QoL in primary health care (PHC) patients. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study completed in a municipality in Brazil. Standardized tools included the Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20 to detect CMDs and the WHOQOL-brief to assess QoL, in addition to a sociodemographic and treatment-related questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 41.4% of the patients met cutoff scores for a CMD, and the presence of a CMD was associated with female gender and marital status. Patients with CMDs had lower QoL scores than patients who were negative for a CMD. CONCLUSIONS: CMDs are highly prevalent in PHC settings and affect patients' QoL. The high frequency of CMD in those that seek care through PHC necessitate incorporating mental health services into the range of available services.
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Transtornos Mentais , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Qualidade de Vida , Adulto , Brasil , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of common mental disorders (CMD) in women consulting at primary health care units in a Brazilian urban area, as well as to determine the impact of CMD on quality of life (QoL), the association of sociodemographic factors with CMD and QoL, and the prevalence and pattern of psychotropic medication use in the study sample. METHODS: In this quantitative, cross-sectional, correlational-descriptive study, a stratified sample of 365 women was interviewed between May 2012 and January 2013 in five primary health care units in Brazil. Data were collected using sociodemographic and drug use questionnaires. The self-reporting questionnaire (SRQ-20) was used to estimate the prevalence of CMD; and the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL)-bref instrument was used to assess quality of life. To evaluate the impact of CMD on QoL, the t test and linear regression models were employed. The chi-square test was used to verify associations between CMD and sociodemographic variables. Descriptive analysis was used for psychotropic drug use. RESULTS: The prevalence of CMD was 44.1%. The prevalence of psychotropic medication use was 27.1%. Only 5.6% of participants had a psychiatric diagnosis recorded in their medical chart. Psychotropic drugs were used by 41.6% of participants with CMD according to the SRQ-20 and by 15.7% of those without CMD. There was no association between CMD and sociodemographic variables, but CMD and QoL were significantly associated. Women with CMD had the worst QoL, without impact of sociodemographic variables. CONCLUSIONS: Further attention should be given to the pattern of psychotropic medication use and prescription in primary care settings. Women with CMD had functional impairment, as shown by significantly lower QoL scores. The fact that sociodemographic factors did not impact the present results seems to support the notion of a different basis for CMD in women.
Assuntos
Transtornos Mentais/tratamento farmacológico , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Transtornos Mentais/epidemiologia , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Qualidade de Vida , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: to investigate the association between resilience and sociodemographic variables and the health of people with chronic kidney disease and / or type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHOD: a cross-sectional observational study performed with 603 people with chronic kidney disease and / or type 2 diabetes mellitus. A tool to collect socio-demographic and health data and the Resilience Scale developed by Connor and Davidson were applied. A descriptive and multivariate analysis was performed. RESULTS: the study participants had on average 61 years old (SD= 13.2), with a stable union (52.24%), religion (96.7%), retired (49.09%), with primary education (65%) and income up to three minimum wages. Participants with kidney disease showed less resilience than people with diabetes. CONCLUSION: the type of chronic illness, disease duration, body mass index and religious beliefs influenced the resilience of the study participants.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/psicologia , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/psicologia , Resiliência Psicológica , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , Demografia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: to investigate the association between resilience and sociodemographic variables and the health of people with chronic kidney disease and / or type 2 diabetes mellitus. Method: a cross-sectional observational study performed with 603 people with chronic kidney disease and / or type 2 diabetes mellitus. A tool to collect socio-demographic and health data and the Resilience Scale developed by Connor and Davidson were applied. A descriptive and multivariate analysis was performed. Results: the study participants had on average 61 years old (SD= 13.2), with a stable union (52.24%), religion (96.7%), retired (49.09%), with primary education (65%) and income up to three minimum wages. Participants with kidney disease showed less resilience than people with diabetes. Conclusion: the type of chronic illness, disease duration, body mass index and religious beliefs influenced the resilience of the study participants.
RESUMO Objetivo: verificar a associação entre resiliência e variáveis sociodemográficas e de saúde de pessoas com diagnóstico de doença renal crônica e/ou diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Método: estudo observacional transversal realizado com 603 pessoas com diagnóstico de doença renal crônica e/ou diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Aplicação de instrumento para coletar dados sociodemográficos e de saúde e Escala de Resiliência desenvolvida por Connor e Davidson. Foi realizada análise descritiva e multivariada dos dados. Resultados: os participantes do estudo possuíam, em média, 61 anos de idade (DP=13,2), com união estável (52,24%), crença religiosa (96,7%), aposentados (49,09%), com ensino fundamental (65%) e renda de até três salários mínimos. Os participantes com doença renal apresentaram menor resiliência do que pessoas com diabetes. Conclusão: o tipo de doença crônica, o tempo de doença, o índice de massa corporal e a crença religiosa influenciaram a resiliência dos participantes do estudo.
RESUMEN Objetivo: verificar la asociación entre resiliencia y variables sociodemográficas y de salud de personas con diagnóstico de enfermedad renal crónica y/o diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Método: estudio observacional transversal, realizado con 603 personas con diagnóstico de enfermedad renal crónica y/o diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Aplicación de instrumento para recolectar datos sociodemográficos y de salud y Escala de Resiliencia desarrollada por Connor y Davidson. Fue realizado análisis descriptivo y multivariado de los datos. Resultados: los participantes del estudio poseían, en promedio, 61 años de edad (DE=13,2), con unión estable (52,24%), creencia religiosa (96,7%), jubilados (49,09%), con enseñanza fundamental (65%) y renta de hasta tres salarios mínimos. Los participantes con enfermedad renal presentaron menor resiliencia que personas con diabetes. Conclusión: el tipo de enfermedad crónica, el tiempo de enfermedad, el índice de masa corporal y la creencia religiosa influenciaron la resiliencia de los participantes del estudio.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/psicologia , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/psicologia , Resiliência Psicológica , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Demografia , Estudos TransversaisRESUMO
Objetivo. Investigar a prevalência de transtornos mentais comuns (TMC) em mulheres atendidas em unidades de atenção básica em um centro urbano brasileiro, assim como o impacto desses transtornos sobre a qualidade de vida (QV), a associação de fatores sociodemográficos a TMC e QV e a prevalência de uso e padrão de utilização de psicofármacos na amostra estudada. Métodos. Nesta pesquisa quantitativa, transversal e correlacional-descritiva, uma amostra estratificada de 365 mulheres foi entrevistada entre maio de 2012 e janeiro de 2013 em cinco unidades básicas de saúde brasileiras. Foram utilizados questionários sociodemográfico e far¬macoterapêutico; questionário de autorrelato SRQ-20 para estimar a prevalência de transtornos mentais comuns; e escala de qualidade de vida WHOQOL-bref. Para avaliar o impacto dos TMD na QV, foram utilizados o teste t e modelos de regressão linear. Utilizou-se o teste do qui-quadrado para verificar associações entre TMC e variáveis sociodemográficas. A análise do consumo de psicofármacos foi descritiva. Resultados. A prevalência de TMC foi de 44,1% e a de consumo de psicofármacos de 27,1%. Apenas 5,6% das participantes do estudo tinham registro de diagnóstico psiquiátrico no prontuário. Os psicofármacos eram usados por 41,6% das entrevistadas positivas para TMC e 15,7% das negativas para TMC. Não houve associação entre TMC e variáveis sociodemográficas. Houve associação estatisticamente significativa entre TMC e QV. As mulheres positivas para TMC apresentaram pior QV. Não houve influência de fatores sociodemográficos sobre esse resultado. Conclusões. Mais atenção é necessária ao padrão de uso e prescrição de psicofármacos na atenção básica. As pacientes com TMC apresentaram prejuízo funcional, evidenciado por escores de QV significativamente menores. A ausência de influência dos fatores sociodemográficos sobre os resultados parece corroborar a proposição de uma origem distinta para TMC em mulheres.
Objective. To investigate the prevalence of common mental disorders (CMD) in women consulting at primary health care units in a Brazilian urban area, as well as to determine the impact of CMD on quality of life (QoL), the association of sociodemographic factors with CMD and QoL, and the prevalence and pattern of psychotropic medication use in the study sample. Methods. In this quantitative, cross-sectional, correlational-descriptive study, a stratified sample of 365 women was interviewed between May 2012 and January 2013 in five primary health care units in Brazil. Data were collected using sociodemographic and drug use questionnaires. The self-reporting questionnaire (SRQ-20) was used to estimate the prevalence of CMD; and the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL)-bref instrument was used to assess quality of life. To evaluate the impact of CMD on QoL, the t test and linear regression models were employed. The chi-square test was used to verify associations between CMD and sociodemographic variables. Descriptive analysis was used for psychotropic drug use. Results. The prevalence of CMD was 44.1%. The prevalence of psychotropic medi¬cation use was 27.1%. Only 5.6% of participants had a psychiatric diagnosis recorded in their medical chart. Psychotropic drugs were used by 41.6% of participants with CMD according to the SRQ-20 and by 15.7% of those without CMD. There was no association between CMD and sociodemographic variables, but CMD and QoL were significantly associated. Women with CMD had the worst QoL, without impact of sociodemographic variables. Conclusions. Further attention should be given to the pattern of psychotropic medication use and prescription in primary care settings. Women with CMD had functional impairment, as shown by significantly lower QoL scores. The fact that sociodemographic factors did not impact the present results seems to support the notion of a different basis for CMD in women.
Assuntos
Atenção Primária à Saúde , Saúde Mental , Transtornos Mentais , Qualidade de Vida , Saúde da Mulher , Brasil , Psicotrópicos , MulheresRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Investigar a prevalência de transtornos mentais comuns (TMC) em mulheres atendidas em unidades de atenção básica em um centro urbano brasileiro, assim como o impacto desses transtornos sobre a qualidade de vida (QV), a associação de fatores sociodemográficos a TMC e QV e a prevalência de uso e padrão de utilização de psicofármacos na amostra estudada. MÉTODOS: Nesta pesquisa quantitativa, transversal e correlacional-descritiva, uma amostra estratificada de 365 mulheres foi entrevistada entre maio de 2012 e janeiro de 2013 em cinco unidades básicas de saúde brasileiras. Foram utilizados questionários sociodemográfico e farmacoterapêutico; questionário de autorrelato SRQ-20 para estimar a prevalência de transtornos mentais comuns; e escala de qualidade de vida WHOQOL-bref. Para avaliar o impacto dos TMD na QV, foram utilizados o teste t e modelos de regressão linear. Utilizou-se o teste do qui-quadrado para verificar associações entre TMC e variáveis sociodemográficas. A análise do consumo de psicofármacos foi descritiva. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de TMC foi de 44,1% e a de consumo de psicofármacos de 27,1%. Apenas 5,6% das participantes do estudo tinham registro de diagnóstico psiquiátrico no prontuário. Os psicofármacos eram usados por 41,6% das entrevistadas positivas para TMC e 15,7% das negativas para TMC. Não houve associação entre TMC e variáveis sociodemográficas. Houve associação estatisticamente significativa entre TMC e QV. As mulheres positivas para TMC apresentaram pior QV. Não houve influência de fatores sociodemográficos sobre esse resultado. CONCLUSÕES: Mais atenção é necessária ao padrão de uso e prescrição de psicofármacos na atenção básica. As pacientes com TMC apresentaram prejuízo funcional, evidenciado por escores de QV significativamente menores. A ausência de influência dos fatores sociodemográficos sobre os resultados parece corroborar a proposição de uma origem distinta para TMC em mulheres.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the prevalence of common mental disorders (CMD) in women consulting at primary health care units in a Brazilian urban area, as well as to determine the impact of CMD on quality of life (QoL), the association of sociodemographic factors with CMD and QoL, and the prevalence and pattern of psychotropic medication use in the study sample. METHODS: In this quantitative, cross-sectional, correlational-descriptive study, a stratified sample of 365 women was interviewed between May 2012 and January 2013 in five primary health care units in Brazil. Data were collected using sociodemographic and drug use questionnaires. The self-reporting questionnaire (SRQ-20) was used to estimate the prevalence of CMD; and the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL)-bref instrument was used to assess quality of life. To evaluate the impact of CMD on QoL, the t test and linear regression models were employed. The chi-square test was used to verify associations between CMD and sociodemographic variables. Descriptive analysis was used for psychotropic drug use. RESULTS: The prevalence of CMD was 44.1%. The prevalence of psychotropic medication use was 27.1%. Only 5.6% of participants had a psychiatric diagnosis recorded in their medical chart. Psychotropic drugs were used by 41.6% of participants with CMD according to the SRQ-20 and by 15.7% of those without CMD. There was no association between CMD and sociodemographic variables, but CMD and QoL were significantly associated. Women with CMD had the worst QoL, without impact of sociodemographic variables. CONCLUSIONS: Further attention should be given to the pattern of psychotropic medication use and prescription in primary care settings. Women with CMD had functional impairment, as shown by significantly lower QoL scores. The fact that sociodemographic factors did not impact the present results seems to support the notion of a different basis for CMD in women.
Assuntos
Atenção Primária à Saúde , Psicotrópicos/uso terapêutico , Saúde da Mulher , Transtornos Mentais/tratamento farmacológico , BrasilRESUMO
Objetivo Investigar a prevalência de uso de psicotrópicos e fatores associados na atenção primária à saúde com fatores sociodemográficos, farmacoterapêuticos, histórico de saúde e Transtornos Mentais Comuns.Método Estudo transversal que incluiu 430 pacientes de atenção primária à saúde. O instrumento de pesquisa foi o Self-reporting Questionnaire e prontuários. Para análise, utilizou-se teste qui-quadrado na análise univariada e regressão logística na multivariada.Resultados A prevalência de uso de psicotrópicos foi de 25,8%. Houve associação entre uso de psicofármacos e transtornos mentais comuns, uso de medicamentos não psicofármacos, número de medicamentos prescritos, número de comprimidos/dia, patologias clínicas, idade e escolaridade. Na análise multivariada os preditores para uso de psicofármacos foram: transtornos mentais comuns, patologias clínicas e escolaridade.Conclusão A prevalência de uso de psicofármacos e os fatores associados variaram conforme a análise uni ou multivariada.
Objective Investigating the prevalence in the use of psychotropics and associated factors in primary health care withsocio-demographic and pharmacotherapeutic factors, medical history, and Common Mental Disorders.Methods A cross-section study which includes 430 primary health care patients. The research instruments were Self-reporting Questionnaires and medical records. A chi-squared test was used in the univariate analysis, and a logistic regression was used in the multivariate analysis.Results The prevalence in the use of psychotropics was 25.8%. There was an association among the use of psychiatric drugs and common mental disorders, use of non-psychiatric drugs, number of medications prescribed,number of pills a day, clinical pathologies, age, and schooling. In the multivariate analysis, the predictors for the use of psychiatric drugs were: common mental disorders, clinical pathologies, and schooling.Conclusion The prevalence in the use of psychiatric drugs and the associated factors varied according to the univariate or the multivariate analyses.
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Population-based quantitative study. This study's objectives were to examine the influence of regions, age, and time on cervical cancer mortality. We analyzed cervical cancer mortality rates in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil between 1996 and 2011. Data were obtained from the Mortality Information System from the Brazilian Ministry of Health in 2013. Data were analyzed based on descriptive epidemiology. Cervical cancer mortality rates ranged from 3.6 to 5.0/100,000 women. Rates were higher among older women, with the highest rates after the age of 70. Women's awareness regarding the importance of the Pap smear test in their health checkups may differ across ages and regions of residence. The frequency of Pap smears should change due to the trend of mortality rates observed over time.
Estudio cuantitativo de base poplacional. Los autores tienen como objectivo examinar las influencias de la región, la edad y el tiempo en la mortalidad por cáncer de cuello uterino. Las tasas de mortalidad que ocurrieron en el Estado de Santa Catarina, entre 1996 y 2011 fueron analizados. Los datos fueron obtenidos del Sistema de Información de Mortalidad del Ministerio de Salud, Brasil, en el año 2013. El analisis de los datos fue realizada fundamentada en la epidemiologia descritiva. Las tasas de mortalidad por cáncer de cuello uterino variaron desde 3,6 hasta 5,0/100.000 mujeres. Estas tasas aumentaron en los grupos de mayor edad y presentaron los valores más altos después de 70 años. La conciencia de la mujer acerca de la importancia del la prueba de Papanicolaou en sus evaluaciones de salud, puede ser diferente según la edad y las regiones en las que viven. La frecuencia de la prueba de Papanicolaou debe cambiar mediante la observación de la evolución de las tasas de mortalidad en el tiempo.
Estudo quantitativo de base populacional. Os autores definiram como objetivo para o estudo examinar as influências da região, idade e tempo sobre a mortalidade por câncer de colo de útero. Foram analisadas as taxas de mortalidade que ocorreram no Estado de Santa Catarina, entre 1996 e 2011. Os dados foram obtidos do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade do Ministério da Saúde, Brasil, durante o ano de 2013. A análise dos dados foi realizada com base na epidemiologia descritiva. As taxas de mortalidade por câncer de colo de útero variaram de 3,6 a 5,0/100.000 mulheres. Essas taxas aumentaram nos grupos etários mais avançados, apresentando os valores mais elevados após os 70 anos. A consciência da mulher sobre a importância do Papanicolaou em suas avaliações de saúde pode ser diferente conforme a idade e as regiões nas quais vivem. A frequência do Papanicolaou deve mudar, observando-se a tendência das taxas de mortalidade ao longo do tempo.