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OBJECTIVES: Although successful recanalization of coronary chronic total occlusion (CTO) can induce subsequent positive vascular remodeling in the distal segment, the predictors are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the extent and predictors related to luminal gain after successful CTO recanalization. METHODS: A total of 134 patients who underwent intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)-guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for CTO and follow-up angiography were included. Angiographic parameters were assessed qualitatively and quantitatively at baseline and follow-up. Gray-scale IVUS images during the PCI procedure were also analyzed. Lumen diameter (LD) at distal reference on the post-PCI angiogram was compared with corresponding LD at follow-up coronary angiography. RESULTS: At the mean follow-up of 10.0 ± 2.7 months, LD at distal reference was significantly increased by 15.9% from baseline to follow-up (2.06 ± 0.62 vs. 2.30 ± 0.55 mm, p < 0.001). Univariable analysis indicated that the left anterior descending artery (LAD), no moderate or severe calcification, presence of peri-medial high-echoic band on IVUS, and impairment of final coronary flow and small distal reference diameter at baseline were associated with greater late lumen enlargement. Multivariable analysis showed the LAD, no moderate or severe calcification, and small LD at distal reference as independent predictors of greater late lumen enlargement. CONCLUSION: The segment distal to recanalized CTO showed significant late lumen enlargement, especially in the cases with small distal reference, in the LAD, and without moderate or severe calcification.
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Oclusão Coronária/terapia , Vasos Coronários/fisiopatologia , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea , Remodelação Vascular , Idoso , Doença Crônica , Angiografia Coronária , Oclusão Coronária/diagnóstico por imagem , Oclusão Coronária/fisiopatologia , Vasos Coronários/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Ultrassonografia de IntervençãoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the J-CTO score on long-term target lesion revascularization (TLR) after successful native chronic total occlusion (CTO)-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). BACKGROUND: We previously reported that the J-CTO score could be used to stratify the lesion complexity and procedural success rate in CTO lesions. METHODS: We evaluated the prognostic significance of a high J-CTO score for long-term TLR rate in the J-CTO Registry. RESULTS: In the 425 lesions of 408 patients who underwent successful CTO-PCI during a median follow-up of 63.0 (interquartile range: 21.2-72.9) months in the J-CTO Registry, the cumulative incidence of TLR of lesions with a J-CTO score ≥ 2 (n = 216) was significantly higher than in those with a J-CTO score ≤ 1 (n = 209) (27.0 versus 19.4% at 5 years, respectively, P = 0.04). Among 323 lesions of 309 patients with a complete 5-year follow-up, the rate of TLR was 28% (n = 91). A J-CTO score ≥ 2 was independently associated with a higher risk of TLR (odds ratio, 1.73; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-2.99, P = 0.048) even after adjustment for clinically relevant baseline factors. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with high J-CTO score lesions had a higher 5-year risk of TLR.
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Angiografia Coronária , Oclusão Coronária/terapia , Técnicas de Apoio para a Decisão , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea , Idoso , Doença Crônica , Oclusão Coronária/diagnóstico por imagem , Oclusão Coronária/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Humanos , Japão , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/efeitos adversos , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Estudos Prospectivos , Sistema de Registros , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
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The efficacy of percutaneous transcatheter closure for preventing recurrent cerebrovascular events in elderly patients with high-risk patent foramen ovale (PFO) remains unclear, whereas in young patients, it has been shown to effectively prevent the recurrence of embolic stroke. The aim of this study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of percutaneous PFO closure in elderly patients with high-risk PFO. Between September 2012 and October 2018, 14 patients ≥ 60 years old with high-risk PFO underwent percutaneous closure to prevent recurrence of cerebrovascular events. The primary end point was recurrence of cerebrovascular events after closure in elderly patients with high-risk PFO, and the secondary end points were occurrence of device-related complications, cerebral hemorrhage, and new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF). The mean patient age and number of cerebrovascular events before closure were 75.2 ± 6.5 years and 1.7 ± 0.7, respectively. All procedures were successfully performed under general anesthesia by transesophageal echocardiography and using a 25-mm Amplatzer Cribriform device. No procedure-related complications occurred. Patients were followed up for a mean 2.6 ± 1.8 years. No patients experienced device-related complications or recurrent cerebrovascular events. However, one patient had AF-related device closure complications at 1 month postoperatively. In addition, other patient had a cerebral hemorrhage with unknown relationship to PFO closure 3 years postoperatively. Percutaneous closure of high-risk PFO in elderly patients may be as effective and safe as in younger patients. It is crucial to evaluate PFO morphology regardless of age in cases of paradoxical embolism.
Assuntos
Cateterismo Cardíaco , Embolia Paradoxal/complicações , Forame Oval Patente/complicações , Forame Oval Patente/terapia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Fibrilação Atrial/etiologia , Ecocardiografia Transesofagiana , Embolia Paradoxal/terapia , Feminino , Forame Oval Patente/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Japão , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva , Estudos Retrospectivos , Dispositivo para Oclusão Septal/efeitos adversos , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
PURPOSE: We evaluated the effects of an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, voglibose, on cardiovascular events in patients with a previous myocardial infarction (MI) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). METHODS: This prospective, randomized, open, blinded-endpoint study was conducted in 112 hospitals and clinics in Japan in 3000 subjects with both previous MI and IGT receiving voglibose (0.6 mg/day, n = 424) or no drugs (n = 435) for 2 years. The Data and Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB) recommended discontinuation of the study in June 2012 after an interim analysis when the outcomes of 859 subjects were obtained. The primary endpoint was cardiovascular events including cardiovascular death, nonfatal MI, nonfatal unstable angina, nonfatal stroke, and percutaneous coronary intervention/coronary artery bypass graft. Secondary endpoints included individual components of the primary endpoint in addition to all-cause mortality and hospitalization due to heart failure. RESULTS: The age, ratio of males, and HbA1C were 65 vs. 65 years, 86 vs. 87%, and 5.6 vs. 5.5% in the groups with and without voglibose, respectively. Voglibose improved IGT; however, Kaplan-Meier analysis showed no significant between-group difference with respect to cardiovascular events [12.5% with voglibose vs. 10.1% without voglibose for the primary endpoint (95% confidence interval, 0.82-1.86)]; there were no significant differences in secondary endpoints. CONCLUSION: Although voglibose effectively treated IGT, no additional benefits for cardiovascular events in patients with previous MI and IGT were observed. Voglibose may not be a contributing therapy to the secondary prevention in patients with MI and IGT. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov number: NCT00212017.
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Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Intolerância à Glucose/tratamento farmacológico , Inositol/análogos & derivados , Infarto do Miocárdio/prevenção & controle , Idoso , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Feminino , Inibidores de Glicosídeo Hidrolases/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Hipoglicemiantes/uso terapêutico , Inositol/uso terapêutico , Japão , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Prevenção Secundária , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: There is a scarcity of long-term data from large-scale drug-eluting stent registries with a large enough sample to evaluate low-frequency events such as stent thrombosis (ST). METHODS AND RESULTS: Five-year outcomes were evaluated in 12 812 consecutive patients undergoing sirolimus-eluting stent (SES) implantation in the j-Cypher registry. Cumulative incidence of definite ST was low (30 day, 0.3%; 1 year, 0.6%; and 5 years, 1.6%). However, late and very late ST continued to occur without attenuation up to 5 years after sirolimus-eluting stent implantation (0.26%/y). Cumulative incidence of target lesion revascularization within the first year was low (7.3%). However, late target lesion revascularization beyond 1 year also continued to occur without attenuation up to 5 years (2.2%/y). Independent risk factors of ST were completely different according to the timing of ST onset, suggesting the presence of different pathophysiological mechanisms of ST according to the timing of ST onset: acute coronary syndrome and target of proximal left anterior descending coronary artery for early ST; side-branch stenting, diabetes mellitus, and end-stage renal disease with or without hemodialysis for late ST; and current smoking and total stent length >28 mm for very late ST. Independent risk factors of late target lesion revascularization beyond 1 year were generally similar to those risk factors identified for early target lesion revascularization. CONCLUSION: Late adverse events such as very late ST and late target lesion revascularization are continuous hazards, lasting at least up to 5 years after implantation of the first-generation drug-eluting stents (sirolimus-eluting stents), which should be the targets for developing improved coronary stents.
Assuntos
Angioplastia com Balão/mortalidade , Reestenose Coronária/mortalidade , Trombose Coronária/mortalidade , Stents Farmacológicos/efeitos adversos , Sistema de Registros/estatística & dados numéricos , Sirolimo/administração & dosagem , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Angioplastia com Balão/métodos , Morte Súbita Cardíaca/epidemiologia , Stents Farmacológicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Imunossupressores/administração & dosagem , Incidência , Japão/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Autopsy findings have suggested delayed arterial healing as a primary cause of very late stent thrombosis (VLST) after drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation. METHODS AND RESULTS: Optical coherence tomography of DES-treated lesions that developed VLST (n = 6) was compared with that of DES-treated lesions that developed late in-stent restenosis (L-ISR: n = 32) among patients with recurrent ischemia >1 year after DES implantation (mean, 37 ± 17 months), and with the stented segment without any evidence of VLST or L-ISR (no-event: n = 20; mean, 38 ± 19 months). The proportion of uncovered and malapposed struts in each stented segment was evaluated. A total of 961 frames, 9,763 struts were analyzed. The proportion of uncovered struts was higher in the VLST group than in the L-ISR group and the no-event group (29.2 ± 22.8%, 7.9 ± 9.7%, and 7.6 ± 8.0%, respectively; P = 0.0002). The proportion of malapposed struts was higher in the VLST group than in the no-event group (7.3 ± 8.7% vs 1.1 ± 2.4%, P = 0.01). Two patients in the VLST group had lower rates of uncovered and malapposed struts, but this involved lipid-laden-like neointima with disruptions. CONCLUSIONS: Delayed neointimal coverage and incomplete stent apposition were frequently observed in the DES-treated lesions that developed very late thrombosis. Lipid-laden-like neointima with disruption within the DES may be another possible mechanism for very late thrombosis.
Assuntos
Reestenose Coronária/etiologia , Reestenose Coronária/patologia , Trombose Coronária/etiologia , Trombose Coronária/patologia , Stents Farmacológicos/efeitos adversos , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica , Idoso , Angioplastia Coronária com Balão/efeitos adversos , Angioplastia Coronária com Balão/instrumentação , Angiografia Coronária , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/patologia , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/terapia , Reestenose Coronária/diagnóstico por imagem , Trombose Coronária/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Humanos , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Isquemia Miocárdica/diagnóstico por imagem , Isquemia Miocárdica/patologia , Isquemia Miocárdica/terapia , Neointima/complicações , Neointima/diagnóstico por imagem , Neointima/patologia , Sirolimo/uso terapêutico , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The influences of antiplatelet therapy discontinuation on the risk of stent thrombosis and long-term clinical outcomes after drug-eluting stent implantation have not yet been addressed adequately. METHODS AND RESULTS: In an observational study in Japan, 2-year outcomes were assessed in 10 778 patients undergoing sirolimus-eluting stent implantation. Data on status of antiplatelet therapy during follow-up were collected prospectively. Incidences of definite stent thrombosis were 0.34% at 30 days, 0.54% at 1 year, and 0.77% at 2 years. Thienopyridine use was maintained in 97%, 62%, and 50% of patients at 30 days, 1 year, and 2 years, respectively. Patients who discontinued both thienopyridine and aspirin had a significantly higher rate of stent thrombosis than those who continued both in the intervals of 31 to 180 days, 181 to 365 days, and 366 to 548 days after stent implantation (1.76% versus 0.1%, P<0.001; 0.72% versus 0.07%, P=0.02; and 2.1% versus 0.14%, P=0.004, respectively). When discontinuation of aspirin was taken into account, patients who discontinued thienopyridine only did not have an excess of stent thrombosis in any of the time intervals studied. Adjusted rates of death or myocardial infarction at 24 months were 4.1% for patients taking thienopyridine and 4.1% for patients not taking thienopyridine (P=0.99) in the 6-month landmark analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Discontinuation of both thienopyridine and aspirin, but not discontinuation of thienopyridine therapy only, was associated with an increased risk of stent thrombosis. Landmark analysis did not suggest an apparent clinical benefit of thienopyridine use beyond 6 months after sirolimus-eluting stent implantation.
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Stents Farmacológicos/efeitos adversos , Inibidores da Agregação Plaquetária/uso terapêutico , Sirolimo/administração & dosagem , Trombose/etiologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Eletrocardiografia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Piridinas/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of percutaneous transcatheter aortic valvuloplasty (PTAV) performed prior to non-cardiac surgery and the safety of non-cardiac surgery after PTAV in elderly Japanese patients. Between March 2012 and August 2018, 14 patients who underwent PTAVs prior to non-cardiac surgery were enrolled. The mean age was 82.2 ± 7.0 years. A total of 9 patients (64.3%) were women. A retrograde approach was selected for 57.1% of the patients. More than 75% of the procedures were performed using echocardiographic imaging. Echocardiographic data including the aortic valve area (AVA), peak aortic valve blood velocity flow (AVF), peak aortic valve pressure gradient (AVPG), and mean AVPG significantly improved after PTAV (AVA; from 0.54 ± 0.11 to 0.80 ± 0.13 cm2, peak AVF; from 4.6 ± 0.8 to 3.8 ± 0.7 m/s, peak AVG; from 87.9 ± 28.0 to 62.2 ± 19.9 mmHg, mean AVG; from 49.8 ± 18.9 to 35.7 ± 11.6 mmHg; p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.0012, respectively). Neither complications related to the PTAV procedure nor procedural mortality were noted. Non-cardiac surgery after PTAV was safely performed; there were no significant adverse events during non-cardiac surgery and no in-hospital mortality occurred after non-cardiac surgery. PTAV prior to non-cardiac surgery in elderly Japanese patients with severe aortic stenosis is safe and effective. In addition, non-cardiac surgery after PTAV can be safety performed without adverse events.
Assuntos
Estenose da Valva Aórtica/terapia , Valvuloplastia com Balão/métodos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Operatórios , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Valva Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagem , Velocidade do Fluxo Sanguíneo , Pressão Sanguínea , Ecocardiografia , Feminino , Humanos , Japão , Masculino , Cuidados Pré-Operatórios , Ultrassonografia de IntervençãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Optical coherence tomography (OCT)-derived fractional flow reserve (FFR)-which may be calculated using fluid dynamics-demonstrated an excellent correlation with the wire-based FFR. However, the applicability of the OCT-derived FFR in the assessment of tandem lesions is currently unclear. CASE SUMMARY: We present two cases of tandem lesions in the mid segment of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery which could have assessed accurately by OCT-derived FFR. The first patient underwent wire-based FFR at the far distal site of LAD, showed a value of 0.66. The OCT-derived FFR was calculated, yielding a value of 0.64. In the absence of stenosis at the proximal lesion, the OCT-derived FFR was calculated as 0.79, which was as same as the wire-based FFR obtained after stenting to the proximal lesion. Thus, additional stenting was performed at the distal lesion. The second patient underwent wire-based FFR at the far distal site of LAD, showed a value of 0.76 which was as same vale as OCT-derived FFR. Considering the absence of stenosis in the proximal lesion, the OCT-derived FFR was estimated as 0.88. After coronary stenting in the proximal lesion, the wire-based FFR yielded a value of 0.90. Therefore, additional intervention to the distal lesion was deferred. DISCUSSION: The described reports are the first two cases which performed physiological assessment using OCT in tandem lesions. The OCT-derived FFR might be able to estimate the wire-based FFR and the severity of each individual lesion in patients with tandem lesions.
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It is unknown whether there is a threshold of creatine kinase (CK) or CK-MB affecting the subsequent mortality for post-discharge myocardial infarction (PDMI) after percutaneous coronary intervention. Current study sought to evaluate the impact of PDMI. The study population included 30,051 patients with successful coronary stenting and discharged alive in the pooled patient-level database of 4 Japanese studies (j-Cypher registry, CREDO-Kyoto PCI/CABG registry cohort-2, RESET, and NEXT). During 4.4 ± 1.4 year follow-up, 915 patients experienced PDMI (cumulative 5-year incidence of 3.6%). Among 466 patients with available peak CK ratio (peak CK/upper limit of normal), peak CK ratio (< 3) was present in 21% of patients, while peak CK ratios (≥ 3 and < 5), (≥ 5 and < 10), (≥ 10 and < 30), and (≥ 30) were present in 17, 25, 30, and 7.3% of patients, respectively. The excess mortality risk of patients with relative to those without PDMI for subsequent mortality was significant (adjusted HR 5.12, 95% CI 4.52-5.80, P < 0.001) by the Cox model with PDMI incorporated as the time-updated covariate. However, the mortality risk of patients in the smallest peak CK ratio category (< 3) was insignificant (HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.43-1.71, P = 0.65). In conclusion, despite significant overall mortality risk of PDMI, the mortality risk of small PDMI was similar to that of no PDMI, suggesting the presence of some threshold about infarct size influencing mortality.Trial registrations The Randomized Evaluation of Sirolimus-Eluting Versus Everolimus-Eluting Stent Trial (RESET); NCT01035450 and NOBORI Biolimus-Eluting Versus XIENCE/PROMUS Everolimus-Eluting Stent Trial (NEXT); NCT01303640. J-Cypher and CREDO-Kyoto PCI/CABG registry cohort 2 were not registered into clinical trial database.
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Stents Farmacológicos/efeitos adversos , Infarto do Miocárdio/mortalidade , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/efeitos adversos , Idoso , Creatina Quinase/análise , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Japão , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infarto do Miocárdio/cirurgia , Alta do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Sistema de Registros , Medição de Risco/métodos , Fatores de Risco , Análise de Sobrevida , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Antegrade balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) may be more effective than retrograde BAV. However, early restenosis is found inconstantly within three months after BAV. To evaluate the factor of ER after intracardiac echocardiogram (ICE) guided Antegrade BAV, fifty patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) underwent BAV procedures with ICE. ER was defined as mean aortic valve pressure gradient (PG) >40 mmHg. During one-year follow-up period, 6 patients died and 2 patients underwent aortic valve replacement. ER was present in 13 patients (26%) at three months after BAV. Procedural, clinical, and hemodynamic data were collected. The mean age of the patient population was 85.4 ± 7.6 years; the mean STS score and EuroSCORE were 7.8 ± 1.1 and 14.6 ± 4.1, respectively. The mean aortic valve PG decreased from 63.4 ± 19.8 to 28.5 ± 10.1 mmHg (p < 0.0001). Baseline characteristics were similar between the two groups. There is no significant difference of mean aortic valve PG immediate after BAV(ER; 29 ± 8.8 mmHg, nonER; 21 ± 6.1 mmHg, p = ns). Univariate analysis showed patients with ER group had significantly higher rate of left ventricular hypertrophy, pulmonary hypertension, and high mean aortic valve PG at admission. Multivariate analysis revealed high mean aortic valve PG at admission as independent predictors of ER. Antegrade BAV may be effective for severe AS. Left ventricular hypertrophy, pulmonary hypertension and high mean PG were predictor of early restenosis. Early intervention should be considered for these patients.
Assuntos
Estenose da Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Valvuloplastia com Balão/efeitos adversos , Ecocardiografia/métodos , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Valva Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagem , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagem , Valvuloplastia com Balão/métodos , Feminino , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca , Humanos , Masculino , Recidiva , Reoperação , Estudos Retrospectivos , Ultrassonografia de IntervençãoRESUMO
Increased neutrophil counts have been associated with an increased risk of adverse clinical events after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We examined the association of neutrophil counts on admission with degree of microvascular injury and left ventricular functional recovery after primary coronary angioplasty in AMI. We studied 116 patients with a first anterior wall AMI who underwent primary coronary angioplasty within 12 hours of onset. Patients were categorized into 3 groups based on initial neutrophil count: low (<5,000/mm(3)), intermediate (5,000 to 10,000/mm(3)), and high (>10,000/mm(3)). Coronary flow velocity parameters were assessed immediately after reperfusion using a Doppler guidewire. We defined severe microvascular injury as the presence of systolic flow reversal and a diastolic deceleration time <600 ms. Echocardiographic wall motion was analyzed before revascularization and 4 weeks after revascularization. In patients with a high neutrophil count, systolic flow reversal was more frequently observed, diastolic deceleration time was shorter, and coronary flow reserve was lower. By regression analysis, neutrophil count significantly correlated with diastolic deceleration time (r = -0.38, p <0.0001), coronary flow reserve (r = -0.33, p = 0.0004), and score for change in wall motion (r = -0.36, p = 0.0004). Multivariate analysis showed that neutrophil count on admission was an independent predictor of severe microvascular injury (odds ratio 2.94, p = 0.02). In conclusion, neutrophilia on admission is associated with impaired microvascular reperfusion and poor functional recovery after primary coronary angioplasty.
Assuntos
Angioplastia Coronária com Balão , Infarto do Miocárdio/fisiopatologia , Neutrófilos , Função Ventricular Esquerda , Idoso , Velocidade do Fluxo Sanguíneo , Ecocardiografia Doppler , Feminino , Humanos , Contagem de Leucócitos , Masculino , Microcirculação , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infarto do Miocárdio/sangue , Infarto do Miocárdio/diagnóstico por imagem , Infarto do Miocárdio/terapia , Recuperação de Função FisiológicaRESUMO
Coronary flow reserve (CFR) evaluated immediately after reperfusion is thought to reflect the degree of microvascular injury and predict left ventricular (LV) functional recovery after acute myocardial infarction. It was hypothesized that CFR immediately after reperfusion would be predictive of the occurrence of long-term adverse cardiac events. Using a Doppler guidewire, CFR was evaluated immediately after primary coronary angioplasty in 118 consecutive patients with first anterior acute myocardial infarctions. Adverse cardiac events combining cardiac death, recurrent myocardial infarction, and congestive heart failure were recorded during an average follow-up period of 62 +/- 32 months. Using receiver-operating characteristic analysis, CFR =1.3 was the best predictor of future cardiac events (sensitivity 86%, specificity 70%). Accordingly, patients were divided into 2 groups: those with CFR =1.3 (n = 50) and those with CFR >1.3 (n = 68). Patients with CFR =1.3 had significantly higher peak creatine kinase concentrations, lower LV ejection fractions, and higher LV volumes compared with patients with CFR >1.3. CFR was significantly correlated with the LV ejection fraction at 4 weeks (r = 0.50, p <0.0001) and LV end-diastolic volume at 4 weeks (r = -0.43, p <0.0001). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed a higher incidence of adverse cardiac events in patients with CFR =1.3 (p <0.0001). In conclusion, CFR evaluated immediately after primary coronary angioplasty is a strong predictor of long-term adverse cardiac events after reperfused acute myocardial infarction.
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Angioplastia Coronária com Balão , Circulação Coronária/fisiologia , Infarto do Miocárdio/terapia , Velocidade do Fluxo Sanguíneo/fisiologia , Volume Cardíaco/fisiologia , Creatina Quinase/sangue , Feminino , Seguimentos , Previsões , Parada Cardíaca/etiologia , Insuficiência Cardíaca/etiologia , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reperfusão Miocárdica , Recuperação de Função Fisiológica/fisiologia , Recidiva , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Volume Sistólico/fisiologia , Análise de Sobrevida , Função Ventricular Esquerda/fisiologiaRESUMO
Strain Doppler echocardiography can detect systolic regional myocardial dysfunction. This study assessed whether strain could predict recovery of regional left ventricular function in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) after percutaneous coronary intervention. Forty-three patients with anterior AMI undergoing successful percutaneous coronary intervention of the left anterior descending coronary artery were studied. Longitudinal myocardial strain was measured at the left anterior descending coronary artery territory in the apical long-axis view within 24 hours after percutaneous coronary intervention. Regional wall motion was analyzed by the anterior wall motion score index (A-WMSI). Viable myocardium was defined as a decrease < or = 2.0 in A-WMSI. Patients were categorized as A-WMSI at 4 weeks into a viable group (n = 24) and a nonviable group (n = 19). End-systolic strain and peak strain were significantly lower in the nonviable group than in the viable group (-4.8 +/- 4.8% vs -9.9 +/- 4.7 %, p <0.005; -9.9 +/- 4.6 vs -13.5 +/- 4.1 %, p <0.05). Moreover, corrected time to peak strain (cTPS; time delay from end-systolic to peak strain/RR interval) was significantly longer in the nonviable group than in the viable group (0.19 +/- 0.04 vs 0.13 +/- 0.03, p <0.0001). For prediction of viable myocardium, cTPS <0.15 had a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 85%. In conclusion, strain, especially cTPS, is useful for predicting recovery of regional left ventricular function in patients with AMI after percutaneous coronary intervention.
Assuntos
Angioplastia Coronária com Balão , Infarto do Miocárdio/diagnóstico por imagem , Infarto do Miocárdio/terapia , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/diagnóstico por imagem , Idoso , Ecocardiografia Doppler , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Contração Miocárdica , Período Pós-Operatório , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Endothelial dysfunction is a key early event in atherosclerosis that occurs in acute coronary syndrome. It was reported that atorvastatin improves the endothelial function of skeletal muscle vessels, but the effect on the coronary artery is unknown. HYPOTHESIS: The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of atorvastatin on coronary endothelial function in humans. METHODS: Non-infarct-related coronary arteries of 48 patients with acute myocardial infarction who had undergone successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty were examined. Three groups were studied: hyperlipidemia with use of atorvastatin (Group 1, n=17), hyperlipidemia without statin use (Group 2, n=18), and normal cholesterol level controls (Group 3, n=13). Statin treatment was started at discharge. Acetylcholine (Ach) was infused into the coronary artery and the diameter was assessed by quantitative angiography at baseline and after 6 months. RESULTS: Acetylcholine given in doses of 1, 3, 10, and 30 mg/min increased the coronary artery diameter change in a dose-dependent manner. In the initial study, patients in the three groups had similar responses to Ach. The mean diameter change after 6 months was significantly improved in Group 1 compared with Groups 2 and 3 (-11 +/- 3% vs. -20 +/- 7% and -21 +/- 6%, respectively; p < 0.01 in each case). Multivariate regression analysis showed that atorvastatin (p < 0.01) was the significant determinant for improvement of endothelial function. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that atorvastatin improves endothelial function of the coronary artery in patients with myocardial infarction.
Assuntos
Vasos Coronários/efeitos dos fármacos , Endotélio Vascular/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácidos Heptanoicos/uso terapêutico , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/uso terapêutico , Hiperlipidemias/tratamento farmacológico , Pirróis/uso terapêutico , Acetilcolina , Análise de Variância , Angioplastia Coronária com Balão , Atorvastatina , Angiografia Coronária , Vasos Coronários/patologia , Endotélio Vascular/patologia , Feminino , Ácidos Heptanoicos/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/administração & dosagem , Hiperlipidemias/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infarto do Miocárdio/patologia , Infarto do Miocárdio/terapia , Pirróis/administração & dosagem , Análise de Regressão , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
AIMS: We investigated the impact of the J-CTO score, a pre-procedural risk score for successful guidewire crossing within 30 minutes through chronic total occlusion (CTO) lesions, on procedural and midterm clinical outcomes in terms of target lesion revascularisation (TLR) after CTO recanalisation. METHODS AND RESULTS: The primary endpoint of this substudy was midterm TLR. The net midterm success rate was calculated by multiplying the lesion success rate by the TLR-free survival rate. The initial lesion success rates according to the J-CTO score categories of 0, 1, 2, and ≥3 were 97.0%, 92.1%, 86.5%, and 73.6%, respectively (p<0.001). The TLR rates at one year according to the J-CTO score categories of 0, 1, 2, and ≥3 were 5.3%, 11.1%, 16.7%, and 13.4%, respectively (p=0.082). The net midterm success rates according to the J-CTO score categories of 0, 1, 2, and ≥3 were 91.9%, 81.9%, 72.1%, and 63.7%, respectively (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with CTO lesions with lower J-CTO scores are expected to achieve a high procedural success rate and an increased TLR-free survival rate. Patients with high J-CTO scores still remain an issue.
Assuntos
Cateterismo Cardíaco , Oclusão Coronária/terapia , Técnicas de Apoio para a Decisão , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea , Idoso , Cateterismo Cardíaco/efeitos adversos , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Doença Crônica , Angiografia Coronária/métodos , Oclusão Coronária/diagnóstico por imagem , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Japão , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Análise Multivariada , Razão de Chances , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/efeitos adversos , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Estudos Prospectivos , Sistema de Registros , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to investigate the efficacy of stenting after rotational atherectomy (rotastent) for ostial LAD and ostial LCX stenosis in patients with diabetes. BACKGROUND: Previous studies have demonstrated that rotastent for non-aorto ostial stenoses can be performed safely with high clinical success rate. However, in diabetic patients, long-term results of rotastent for ostial stenoses are still unknown. METHODS: A series of 70 patients with de novo non-aorto ostial stenosis who underwent successful elective stenting after rotational atherectomy were the subject of this study. Clinical, angiographic, and procedural characteristics, as well as acute and chronic results were obtained for all patients. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between diabetic versus non-diabetic patients in terms of baseline clinical characteristics, lesion characteristics, and procedural factors. The restenosis rate of diabetic patients was significantly higher than that of non-diabetic patients as assessed by the follow-up angiogram (53% versus 28%, respectively; p < 0.05). The rate of lesion progression which meant the development of new left main or non-treated artery-ostial narrowing was significantly higher in diabetic patients at follow-up angiography (23% versus 5%; p < 0.05 compared to non-diabetic patients). By use of multiple regression analysis, diabetes mellitus was identified as an independent predictor of restenosis and lesion progression. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that diabetic patients are more likely to have not only higher rates of restenosis but also development of new left main narrowing or non-treated artery ostial narrowing compared to non-diabetic patients.
Assuntos
Aterectomia Coronária , Estenose Coronária/cirurgia , Complicações do Diabetes/cirurgia , Stents , Idoso , Implante de Prótese Vascular , Angiografia Coronária , Estenose Coronária/diagnóstico por imagem , Complicações do Diabetes/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Reoperação , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The influence of antiplatelet therapy discontinuation on the incidence of stent thrombosis, especially very late stent thrombosis, after drug-eluting stent implantation has not been yet fully addressed. METHODS: Relationship between antiplatelet therapy discontinuation and stent thrombosis up to 5years was evaluated in 12,812 consecutive patients undergoing sirolimus-eluting stents (SES) implantation in the j-Cypher registry. Data on status of antiplatelet therapy during follow-up were collected prospectively. RESULTS: Median follow-up interval was 1699days (interquartile range, 1184-1928days). Incidences of definite stent thrombosis were 0.34% at 30days, 0.55% at 1year, and 1.6% at 5years. Dual antiplatelet therapy was maintained in 97.4%, 63%, and 43.9% of patients at 30days, 1year, and 5years, respectively. The rates of stent thrombosis in patients who discontinued both thienopyridine and aspirin were significantly higher in the time intervals of 31-365days, 2-3years and 3-4years, and tended to be higher in the time intervals of 1-2years and 4-5years than those in patients who continued both (31-365days: 1.26% versus 0.2%, P<0.001; 1-2years: 0.59% versus 0.15%, P=0.06; 2-3years: 1.35% versus 0.2%, P=0.004; 3-4years: 1.09% versus 0.25%, P=0.0496; 4-5years: 1.35% versus 0.43%, P=0.17). Patients who discontinued either thienopyridine or aspirin only did not have an excess of stent thrombosis in any time intervals. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, discontinuation of both thienopyridine and aspirin, but not discontinuation of thienopyridine or aspirin only, was associated with an increased incidence of late and very late stent thrombosis up to 5years after SES implantation.