The Association between Party Horn Use and Respiratory Function in Patients with Dementia: An Experimental Study.

Background and Objectives: Respiratory diseases account for 55.5% and 33.1% of all mortality rates in patients with Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia, respectively. However, the widespread use of spirometers is often difficult due to challenges in performing the procedure. Therefore, the use of spirometers is usually unfeasible in patients with dementia and hinders the provision of preventive measures for aspiration pneumonia. The party horn is a common toy in many countries and can potentially be used as a novel tool. This study was conducted to analyze the usefulness of the party horn as an assessment tool for respiratory function, and to detect eating-related behavioral problems in patients with dementia. Materials and Methods: A total of 62 inpatient participants with dementia (34 males, 28 females; age, mean ± SD, 80.4 ± 7.59 years) were included in the study. The respiratory functions of patients were assessed using a party horn and a spirometer. Assessment items pertaining to cognitive function, mental and behavioral disorders, eating-related behavioral problems, and the required dietary modifications were evaluated to compare between patient groups stratified by respiratory function. Results: Significant differences between groups were noted in length of hospital stay, cognitive functions, mental and behavioral disorders, eating-related behavioral problems, and dietary modifications. Forced expiratory volume in 1 s, peak expiratory flow, and eating-related behavioral problems were significantly associated with the party-horn-integrated value (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Party-horn-based evaluation can facilitate the screening and evaluation of older dementia patients for eating-related behavioral problems and aspiration risk.

Measuring attentiveness toward oral care needs: a comparative study of Indonesian care workers in Japan and Indonesia.

BACKGROUND: Japan has opened its labor market to care workers from Indonesia under the Japan-Indonesia Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA). However, few studies have examined the types of care skills transferred between countries. We therefore analyzed Indonesian care workers employed in Japan and Indonesia to identify discrepancies in their attentiveness toward oral care in older adults. METHODS: A checklist comprising 42 items of universal oral care assessment was developed prior to the study and distributed via the Internet to 418 Indonesian EPA care workers in Japan and via a paper survey to 213 Indonesian care workers in Indonesia. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the distribution of scores for each checklist item for each group. RESULTS: The respondents were 110 Japan-based EPA care workers (response rate: 26.3%) and 213 Indonesia-based care workers (response rate: 99.1%). Japan-based care workers were significantly more likely to perform environmental observations of their older adult patients (p < 0.001) and to check items on the oral care checklist during feeding (p < 0.001) and post-meal (p = 0.001), while Indonesia-based care workers were more likely to check the overall condition of patients before meals (p = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS: Discrepancies in checking oral care between the two groups were attributed to the differences in laws and regulations governing the care environments. Indonesian care workers employed in Japan have the advantage of learning to employ a more systematic approach in caring for older adults, in accordance with Japan's Long-Term Care Act. This approach could contribute toward lowering the risk of aspiration pneumonia in Indonesia. A training program designed for returning migrant workers to transfer newly developed oral care skills will thus be essential for Indonesia to diminish the negative impacts of its aging population.

Factors associated with the recruitment of foreign nurses in Japan: a nationwide study of hospitals.

BACKGROUND: Nurse migration under bilateral agreements is a recent global trend, although lack of consultation with the health industries has led to challenges in the recruitment of foreign nurses by hospitals. To analyze the prevailing perception of hospitals on the Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA), under which Japan opened the doors to foreign nurses, we surveyed hospitals that are yet to employ foreign nurses. METHODS: An anonymous questionnaire was developed and distributed to eligible hospitals; it assessed managers' perception of Japan's policy on the recruitment of foreign nurses and their intentions to hire foreign nurses under the EPA (hereafter called EPA nurses). We randomly selected 1879 hospitals, or 22% of the hospitals in Japan (n = 8540), with more than 20 beds. We used descriptive statistics, a Chi-square test, and logistic regression analysis to identify the predictors and developed a model to predict the likelihood of their intention to recruit EPA nurses in the future. RESULTS: In total, 432 hospitals were eligible for further analysis (response rate: 22.9%). Half (50%) of the hospital managers were considerably interested in Japan's policy on recruiting EPA nurses, although only 20% intended to recruit EPA nurses in the future. Willingness to recruit EPA nurses was associated with the degree of interest in the policy (OR 9.38; 95% CI 4.42-19.90) and managers' perception of EPA nurses (OR 5.32, 95% CI 2.38-11.89). CONCLUSIONS: To attract more hospitals to recruit foreign nurses, it is essential for the Japanese government and the sending countries to review their EPA systems. Utilizing returning nurses to assist language acquisition by the forthcoming EPA nurses could be a provisional solution. For a more fundamental solution, long-term provision, from prior to their migration until their return migration, is needed to encourage brain circulation, as opposed to brain drain, between sending and receiving countries.

Sense of coherence, occupational stressors, and mental health among Japanese high school teachers in Nagasaki prefecture: a multiple regression analysis.

BACKGROUND: International research has indicated that teachers have an increased risk of mental disorders and work-related stress, compared with those working in other fields. In Japan, the deterioration of teachers' mental health has recently become a serious social issue. Teaching is a high-stress occupation, and job stress can affect teachers' physical and mental health. This study aimed to determine how sense of coherence, job satisfaction, and workplace social support contribute to the mental health status of public and private high school teachers in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan. METHODS: The analytic sample comprised 370 high school teachers from eight public and three private schools in Nagasaki Prefecture who answered an anonymous survey comprising the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), which is a measure of mental health status, and questions regarding sociodemographic characteristics, occupational stressors, workplace social support systems, job satisfaction, and sense of coherence. A multiple regression analysis was conducted to identify the predictors of mental health. RESULTS: The survey was sent to 681 people, of whom 370 responded and were included in the analysis (effective response rate: 54.3%). The analysis indicated that sense of coherence was the strongest predictor of mental health (ß = -.391, p < .0001), followed by workload stressors (ß = .260, p < .0001), low job control (ß = .099, p = .021), and job satisfaction (ß = -.088, p = .040). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that a greater sense of coherence and job satisfaction are associated with greater mental health. Meanwhile, workload stressors and low job control undermined mental health status.

Determinants of the mental health status of university students in Japan: comparison between pandemic and recession periods during the 7th wave of COVID-19.

Introduction: Although the number of identified coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases and deaths has decreased, the repetitive crest-trough pattern of the spread of COVID-19 has yet to cease. The current situation may affect the mental health status of university students who are distracted in their academic and daily lives by the pandemic. This cross-sectional study aimed to identify the determinant factors of the mental health status of Japanese university students before and in the middle of the 7th wave of the pandemic, one of the largest waves to be experienced in Japan. Method: A survey was administered to two groups of students during the recession period between the 6th and 7th waves (n = 156) and during the 7th wave of the pandemic (n = 97). Results: T-tests showed no statistically significant differences between the two groups in Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) scores, while the COVID-19 anxiety scores (p < 0.001) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) scores were significantly higher in the Pandemic period group (p = 0.011). The multiple regression model indicated that PSS scores were the only determinant of GHQ scores in the Pandemic period group. Discussion: The results indicate that stressful life events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic and daily hassles, which are measured by the PSS, affect students' mental health differently. Therefore, the author submits that school counselors should provide counseling to students to reduce anxiety caused by daily hassles, during recession and pandemic periods. Students also require assistance with the reduction of stress and anxiety caused by daily hassles, regardless of the pandemic situation.

Factors Related to Job Continuance of Nurses Who Migrated to Japan: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Japan has accepted nurses from Indonesia, the Philippines, and Vietnam under the Economic Partnership Agreement, but nearly half of them have already left the workforce. This study aimed to clarify the factors related to the job continuance of nurses who migrated to Japan under the Economic Partnership Agreement. Our goal was to explore factors specific to migrant nurses and to contribute to the development of support measures for them. This research was a cross-sectional study in which a web-based questionnaire and interview were conducted at a single point in time. Migrant nurses (n = 40) participated in the web-based questionnaire survey. Of those, nine nurses were also interviewed. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used to establish correlations, and qualitative descriptive analysis was used to analyse interviews. The questionnaire survey results revealed the content of work, human relationships in the workplace, the number of night shifts, and satisfaction with the balance between work and private life were significantly and negatively correlated with the Intention to Quit scale total score. All correlation coefficients were less than 0.5, indicating weak correlations. Three categories emerged from the interviews as positive factors related to job continuance: "generous support from the workplace", "beneficial nursing experience in Japan", and "determination to live in Japan". A good working environment, generous support from the supervisor and colleagues, high values of nursing in Japan, and desire to migrate to Japan were the factors that had a positive effect on migrant nurses' job continuance in Japan. Understanding the characteristics of migrant nurses and providing generous support will enable them to continue working in Japan. This study was not registered.

Dissecting beta-ring assembly pathway of the mammalian 20S proteasome.

The 20S proteasome is the catalytic core of the 26S proteasome. It comprises four stacked rings of seven subunits each, alpha(1-7)beta(1-7)beta(1-7)alpha(1-7). Recent studies indicated that proteasome-specific chaperones and beta-subunit appendages assist in the formation of alpha-rings and dimerization of half-proteasomes, but the process involved in the assembly of beta-rings is poorly understood. Here, we clarify the mechanism of beta-ring formation on alpha-rings by characterizing assembly intermediates accumulated in cells depleted of each beta-subunit. Starting from beta2, incorporation of beta-subunits occurs in an orderly manner dependent on the propeptides of beta2 and beta5, and the C-terminal tail of beta2. Unexpectedly, hUmp1, a chaperone functioning at the final assembly step, is incorporated as early as beta2 and is required for the structural integrity of early assembly intermediates. We propose a model in which beta-ring formation is assisted by both intramolecular and extrinsic chaperones, whose roles are partially different between yeast and mammals.

Factors influencing the psychological independence of retired community-dwelling older adults in Japan.

Background: In an aging society, it is necessary to promote successful aging by helping older adults maintain engagement in social activities, especially after retirement. Focusing on psychological independence is critical for helping community-dwelling older adults maintain their ability to do things independently and build appropriate relationships with neighbors. However, shifting one's mindset from the workplace to the local community can be difficult, especially for Japanese people who prioritize work over local community activities. Few studies have investigated the factors associated with the psychological independence of community-dwelling older adults, so this study examined the factors influencing the psychological independence of older adults in T town, a typical commuter town in Japan. Methods: A self-administered, anonymous questionnaire was distributed to 246 neighborhood association members aged 65 and older. T-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, Cronbach's alpha, and multiple regression analysis were used to develop a model for predicting psychological independence and its two subconstructs, purposefulness and personal accountability. Results: The results demonstrated that psychological independence, purposefulness, and personal accountability were significantly predicted by having abilities that are useful to other people (ß = 0.399, p = 0.001; ß = 0.277, p = 0.019; and ß = 0.394, p = 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: The findings suggest that older adults can maintain psychological independence using their existing characteristics, such as hobbies and life skills that are useful to others in the community.

Factors Predicting the Quality of Life of University Students in Japan Amidst COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Owing to the COVID-19 pandemic, classes and club activities in Japanese universities have been canceled; this may increase students' perceived stress and adversely affect their quality of life. This study investigated the factors that influence Japanese university students' quality of life during the pandemic. An online questionnaire collating data related to demographic characteristics, the perceived stress scale (PSS), sense of coherence (SOC), number of social supports, and quality of life (Short Form Health Survey; SF-8) was distributed to university students. Participants were divided into two groups: those who entered university before (seniors) and after (juniors) the onset of the pandemic. Their scores on the two sub-domains (physical and mental) of the SF-8 were evaluated. Multiple regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with the composite mental summary of the SF-8. Regression analysis indicated that the predictor model of the composite mental summary differed between juniors and seniors. Among seniors, the composite mental summary was significantly indicated by the composite physical summary (ß = 0.549, p < 0.0001) and PSS (ß = 0.422, p < 0.0001). Among juniors, it was significantly indicated by the composite physical summary (ß = 0.531, p < 0.0001), PSS (ß = 0.390, p < 0.0001), and number of social supports (ß = -0.148, p = 0.006). The factors associated with quality of life differed between seniors and juniors. Universities must provide opportunities for students to find more friends, especially for juniors who have limited socialization opportunities owing to the pandemic.

A heterodimeric complex that promotes the assembly of mammalian 20S proteasomes.

The 26S proteasome is a multisubunit protease responsible for regulated proteolysis in eukaryotic cells. It comprises one catalytic 20S proteasome and two axially positioned 19S regulatory complexes. The 20S proteasome is composed of 28 subunits arranged in a cylindrical particle as four heteroheptameric rings, alpha1-7beta1-7beta1-7alpha1-7 (refs 4, 5), but the mechanism responsible for the assembly of such a complex structure remains elusive. Here we report two chaperones, designated proteasome assembling chaperone-1 (PAC1) and PAC2, that are involved in the maturation of mammalian 20S proteasomes. PAC1 and PAC2 associate as heterodimers with proteasome precursors and are degraded after formation of the 20S proteasome is completed. Overexpression of PAC1 or PAC2 accelerates the formation of precursor proteasomes, whereas knockdown by short interfering RNA impairs it, resulting in poor maturation of 20S proteasomes. Furthermore, the PAC complex provides a scaffold for alpha-ring formation and keeps the alpha-rings competent for the subsequent formation of half-proteasomes. Thus, our results identify a mechanism for the correct assembly of 20S proteasomes.

Home care nurses' provision of support to families of the elderly at the end of life.

In this article we describe our study of assistance for family decisions and caregiving by Japanese home care nurses to families of elderly relatives at the end of life. The participants were 31 nurses who had been evaluated as providing good end-of-life care. We carried out semistructured interviews concerning the practice of family support in two cases (cancer and noncancer). We conducted a qualitative analysis using the constant comparative approach and derived several categories inductively. Home care nurses are responsible for (a) estimating the possibility of dying at home, (b) visualizing what is coming and what can be done, (c) proposing where and how the family can say goodbye, (d) building family consensus, (e) coordinating resources, and (f) offering psychological support for end-of-life care. End-of-life family care by home care nurses is a process in which multiple components of care are provided with changing content as death approaches.

Developing a questionnaire on the quality of working life for female medical and healthcare professionals.

This study aimed to develop a questionnaire on the quality of working life among female medical and healthcare professionals and examine its validity and reliability. The questionnaire was developed from an item pool drawing on the literature. The four trait scales included 40 items, covering female-specific stress in continuing a career, stress of lifestyle in maintaining personal values, job satisfaction and social support network. The questionnaire's validity and reliability were assessed using data from 1,784 female doctors, dentists, and nurses. Validity was examined using exploratory factor analysis on each trait for construct validity, and multitrait scaling analysis for convergent and discriminant validity. Reliability was tested using Cronbach's alpha for trait subscales and scales. Exploratory factor analysis on each trait was convergent. One trait derived three subscales, and another two. The remaining two traits were convergent for one factor. Multitrait scaling analysis showed that all scales and subscales were independent. The questionnaire was therefore internally consistent and had construct validity. Cronbach's alpha was 0.85 for the total and between 0.72 and 0.83 for the subscales. These results validate the four-trait combination questionnaire and suggest that it would be suitable for use in future research, perhaps in combination with other existing scales.

Ethical issues in invasive mechanical ventilation for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Currently in Japan, discontinuing an invasive mechanical ventilator (IMV) is illegal; therefore IMV-related decision making is a crucial issue. This study examined IMV decision-making factors and psychological conflict in 50 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The Herth Hope Index was used for the assessment of pre- and post-IMV conflict. Interviews identified some decision-making factors: patient's decision, patient's and family's mutual decision, family's decision, and emergency-induced without patient's or family's consent. Participants who experienced no IMV-related regret received sufficient prior IMV education from physicians and nurses, and time for reflection and family consultation. Their hope was similar to their pre-onset levels. Patients who received no prior IMV education accepted treatment as a natural progression. Their hope levels were lower than pre-onset. Those who received only a brief prior IMV explanation rejected the ventilator, experiencing regret if they were given an emergency IMV. Their hope levels were among the lowest. However, some of these patients managed to overcome their regret through being helped by nurses. Sufficient physician explanation and nursing advocacy for autonomous patient decision making are critical for improving hope in this patient group.

[A framework for assessing essential public health nursing skills and achievement levels required for students graduating from schools that provide education for obtaining a license as a public health nurse in Japan].

PURPOSES: This study aimed to develop a framework for essential skills and the achievement levels necessary for students graduating from schools that provide education for obtaining a license as a public health nurse (PHN) in Japan. METHODS: Two rounds of questionnaire-based investigations using the Delphi methodology were conducted. Subjects were 197 PHNs from municipalities or companies and 146 nurse educators from universities, colleges, junior colleges, or technical nursing schools. RESULTS: (1) The essential skills framework consisted of three (macro, intermediate and micro) levels. Macro-level items were based on the principle of justice, a primary pillar of health care: (A) community assessment to identify health problems; (B) solving and improving particular health problems in collaboration with people to enable them to promote their own health; (C) promoting equitable access and distribution of community resources for health and daily living. Micro-level items had four achievement levels: (I) independent; (II) instructor-guided; (III) laboratory exercise; (IV) theoretical understanding. Micro-level items for A and B had two domains for achievement: individual/family and group/community. (2) In the first round over 70% of respondents said "very important," "important" or "acceptable" for all micro-level items. In the second round, over 90% said all micro-level items fit within macro and intermediate-level items. (3) In the second round, micro-level items attained 70% consensus among PHNs and nurse educators were 71 of 93 (76.3%). Micro-level expression was used for adjustment and the final framework of essential skills yielded 3 macro, 8 intermediate and 59 micro-level items and 95 levels of achievement. (4) In the final framework, the level of achievement for "individual/family" (Macro-level A and B) was almost level I, and for "group/community" almost II or III. The number of micro-level items at level IV for C was 14 of 21 (66.7%). (5) Compared with PHNs, educators generally assigned a more advanced achievement level for the same skill. CONCLUSIONS: This framework offers more clarity to the content and competency of practice and thus should be useful for basic and continuing PHN education. The assumption driving this study was the necessity to improve the nursing educational system, and develop an appropriate curriculum for the PHN national licensure.

In-depth Analysis of the Lid Subunits Assembly Mechanism in Mammals.

The 26S proteasome is a key player in the degradation of ubiquitinated proteins, comprising a 20S core particle (CP) and a 19S regulatory particle (RP). The RP is further divided into base and lid subcomplexes, which are assembled independently from each other. We have previously demonstrated the assembly pathway of the CP and the base by observing assembly intermediates resulting from knockdowns of each proteasome subunit and the assembly chaperones. In this study, we examine the assembly pathway of the mammalian lid, which remains to be elucidated. We show that the lid assembly pathway is conserved between humans and yeast. The final step is the incorporation of Rpn12 into the assembly intermediate consisting of two modular complexes, Rpn3-7-15 and Rpn5-6-8-9-11, in both humans and yeast. Furthermore, we dissect the assembly pathways of the two modular complexes by the knockdown of each lid subunit.

Cell phone e-mail as a means to collect information on pregnancy and delivery: a pilot study in Japan.

BACKGROUND: The diffusion of cell phones is 91.9% in Japan. Especially, cell phone e-mail is now widely used as a media source in Japan. The authors of this research have been engaged in collecting basic data to establish a system for providing improved health information on pregnancy and delivery through cell phones for pregnant women and their family members. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we classified the trends of health information of pregnancy and delivery in which people desire to obtain through cell phone based on the characteristics of the information and, of each classification we revealed the generic characteristic (age, gender, gestational weeks and any other children), any social support, the types of cell phones or/and computers and their related use. METHODS: Anonymous questionnaires were distributed to the participants of delivery preparation workshops held at two places in the northern parts of Kyushu Area to collect data. The cell phone e-mail usage trends were measured by four-rated scales. To classify the characteristics of the information, a Principal Factor Analysis was conducted. To find out correlation between the information classified and the generic characteristics, Mann-Whitney's U-test was conducted. RESULTS: Out of two hundred and fifteen (215) respondents including 117 pregnant women and 98 husbands, 208 respondents possessed cell phones. Regarding the health information of pregnancy and delivery desired to obtain through cell phone e-mail, two factors, namely "medical information" and "non-medical information" have derived. Those who did not possess computers tended to use their cell phone e-mail to obtain both "medical information" (P = .002) and "non-medical information" (P = .02). While those who use cell phone e-mail almost everyday tended to use cell phone e-mail for obtaining "non-medical information" (P = .02). CONCLUSION: This study indicated that providing medical information and non-medical information through cell phone e-mail is an essential service, especially in Japan, where the diffusion of cell phones is far higher than that of computers.

Ventilator dependence and expressions of need: a study of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Japan.

This research examined the experience of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) patients who depend on an invasive mechanical ventilator in Japan. We investigated their difficulties in expressing their needs, their desires and wishes, and their sources of support and happiness. We examined the relationship between these factors and patient demographics, and hope as an indicator of successful adaptation to the illness experience (assessed by the Herth Hope Index). Interview results guided the formation of an anonymous questionnaire distributed to patients by mail. We interviewed 27 patients and their families and surveyed 157 respondents with a questionnaire. Most patients experienced multiple categories of difficulties, which correlated with reduced hope. More severe physical symptoms correlated with more emotional and social difficulties. Notable findings included a high prevalence of unalleviated pain, fear or experience of ventilator difficulties, and fear of burdening others. Having more sources of psychosocial support and happiness was associated with greater hope. Living at home was associated with fewer social difficulties. No patients claimed additional sources of support without claiming family or professional caregiver support, suggesting their mediation may be crucial in maintaining other social connections. Users of computer communication reported more sources of support and happiness and less frustration from difficulty expressing themselves. The most common reported desires, following a cure for ALS, related to the happiness of the patients' families, and a desire not to burden them. We also found that invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) had been initiated emergently in 30.1% of patients without patient or family consent. Our results provide an insight into the world of this challenged population, elucidating the difficulties they face, and clarifying the role of support and other factors in maintaining hope. We identify concrete areas to which increased attention should be directed in patient care.

Large- and small-scale purification of mammalian 26S proteasomes.

The 26S proteasome is an ATP-dependent protease known to collaborate with ubiquitin, whose polymerization acts as a marker for regulated and enforced destruction of unnecessary proteins in eukaryotic cells. It is an unusually large multi-subunit protein complex, consisting of a central catalytic machine (called the 20S proteasome or CP/core particle) and two terminal regulatory subcomplexes, termed PA700 or RP/regulatory particle, that are attached to both ends of the central portion in opposite orientations to form an enzymatically active proteasome. To date, proteolysis driven by the ubiquitin-proteasome system has been shown to be involved in a diverse array of biologically important processes, such as the cell cycle, immune response, signaling cascades, and developmental programs; and the field continues to expand rapidly. Whereas the proteasome complex has been highly conserved during evolution because of its fundamental roles in cells, it has also acquired considerable diversity in multicellular organisms, particularly in mammals, such as immunoproteasomes, PA28, S5b, and various alternative splicing forms of S5a (Rpm 10). However, the details of the ultimate pathophysiological roles of mammalian proteasomes have remained elusive. This article focuses on methods for assay and purification of 26S proteasomes from mammalian cells and tissues.

Uterine cervical cancer: a holistic approach to mental health and it's socio-psychological implications.

This correlation study investigated outpatients with early stage uterine cervical cancer. The subjects' mental health and its' relationship with demographic characteristics, clinical characteristics, and quality of life were examined. One hundred and seventy six patients from three major hospitals in the Fukuoka area were surveyed with a structured questionnaire. The status of mental health measured by CES-D (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale) indicated an average score of 13+/-8 (mean+/-SD). No clinical parameters were found to have significant correlation to CES-D. However, increased pain (p< 0.001) and the absence of a husband or a partner (p < 0 .01) had greater CES-D score which indicated worse mental health outcome. The QOL (Quality of Life) scale developed for this study consists of the four domains: "Feel satisfied with life" (r = -.526, p < 0. 01), "Find life worth living" (r= -.485, p < 0.01), "Feel no hindrance in daily life" (r= -.319, p<0.01), and "Feel no anxiety with illness" (r= -. 578, p < 0.01) all which have statistically significant correlations with CES-D scores respectively. Upon examination using the multi-regression model, a strong relationship between CES-D scores and "Feel no anxiety with illness" (r= -.331, p<0.001) was evident. This showed to be the strongest indicator affecting the depression outcome, followed by "Strong pain" (r= .231, p<0.01). Clinical parameters, such as performance status, clinical stage, and medical treatment did not show any correlation to CES-D scores. The research suggests that the mental health of outpatients with uterine cervical cancer was influenced by pain and quality of life, rather than the clinical parameters. The presence of a husband or a partner played the role as social support to reduce the level of depression. In order to provide complete care of patients, pain management, anxiety management, and spousal involvement are crucial to patients' mental health, especially in the ongoing care of uterine cervical cancer.