[There is a role for surgical resection in patients with oligometastatic pancreatic cancer]. / Existe un rol para la resección quirúrgica en los pacientes con cáncer de páncreas oligometastásicos.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this work is to retrospectively analyze the resection in patients with oligometastatic stage IV pancreatic adenocarcinoma, after first-line chemotherapy for metastatic pancreatic cancer, evaluating the survival of these cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 2005 and December 2019, 5 patients diagnosed with oligometastatic pancreatic cancer undergoing first-line chemotherapy were retrospectively evaluated, after which resective surgery was performed. RESULTS: The resective surgery performed in these patients were: three distal pancreatectomies with splenectomy, one duodenopancreatectomy and one total pancreatectomy. All received chemotherapy treatment; three patients received treatment with Folfurinox, one received 5-fluorouracil, and one received gemcitabine plus capecitabine. The patients received an average of 4 months of chemotherapy (3-6 months) and after this, resective surgery was scheduled. The average survival in these patients was 23 months (11 to 39 months), only one patient presented recurrence of the disease and died at 28 months, the remaining 4 are alive. CONCLUSION: Resective surgery in patients with stage IV pancreatic cancer can be done safely. This could be considered in selected patients with a good radiological and biochemical response after an adequate period of chemotherapy in whom there is no obvious distant disease.

Neoadjuvant doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide followed by ixabepilone or paclitaxel in early stage breast cancer and evaluation of ßIII-tubulin expression as a predictive marker.

BACKGROUND: This randomized phase II trial was designed to compare the rate of pathologic complete response (pCR) induced by neoadjuvant cyclophosphamide plus doxorubicin (AC) followed by ixabepilone or paclitaxel in women with early stage breast cancer (BC). Expression of ßIII-tubulin as a predictive marker was also evaluated. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Women with untreated, histologically confirmed primary invasive breast adenocarcinoma received four cycles of AC followed by 1:1 randomization to either ixabepilone 40 mg/m2 (3-hour infusion) every 3 weeks for four cycles (n = 148) or weekly paclitaxel 80 mg/m2 (1-hour infusion) for 12 weeks (n = 147). All patients underwent a core needle biopsy of the primary cancer for molecular marker analysis prior to chemotherapy. ßIII-Tubulin expression was assessed using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the rate of pCR in the ixabepilone treatment arm (24.3%; 90% confidence interval [CI], 18.6-30.8) and the paclitaxel treatment arm (25.2%; 90% CI, 19.4-31.7). ßIII-Tubulin-positive patients obtained higher pCR rates compared with ßIII-tubulin-negative patients in both treatment arms; however, ßIII-tubulin expression was not significantly associated with a differential response to ixabepilone or paclitaxel. The safety profiles of both regimens were generally similar, although neutropenia occurred more frequently in the ixabepilone arm (grade 3/4: 41.3% vs. 8.4%). The most common nonhematologic toxicity was peripheral neuropathy. CONCLUSIONS: Neoadjuvant treatment of early stage BC with AC followed by ixabepilone every 3 weeks or weekly paclitaxel was well tolerated with no significant difference in efficacy. Higher response rates were observed among ßIII-tubulin-positive patients.

Analysis of overall survival from a phase III study of ixabepilone plus capecitabine versus capecitabine in patients with MBC resistant to anthracyclines and taxanes.

Limited proven treatment options exist for patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) resistant to anthracycline and taxane treatment. Ixabepilone, a novel semisynthetic analog of epothilone B, has demonstrated single-agent activity in MBC resistant to anthracyclines and taxanes. In combination with capecitabine in a phase III trial (CA163-046) in this setting, ixabepilone prolonged progression-free survival and increased objective response rate relative to capecitabine (Thomas et al. J Clin Oncol 25:5210-5217, 2007). Here, we report the results of overall survival (OS), a secondary efficacy endpoint from the CA163-046 trial. Seven hundred fifty-two patients with MBC resistant to anthracyclines and taxanes were randomized to ixabepilone (40 mg/m(2) intravenously on day 1 of a 21-day cycle) plus capecitabine (2,000 mg/m(2) orally on days 1 through 14 of a 21-day cycle) or capecitabine alone (2,500 mg/m(2) on the same schedule). Patients receiving ixabepilone plus capecitabine treatment had a median survival of 12.9 months compared to 11.1 months for patients receiving capecitabine alone (HR = 0.9; 95%CI: 077-1.05; P = 0.19). This observed increase in median OS favored the combination; however, the difference was not statistically significant. Predefined subset analyses showed a clinically meaningful increase in OS in KPS 70-80 patients receiving ixabepilone plus capecitabine (HR = 0.75; 95% CI: 0.58-0.98). Ixabepilone plus capecitabine did not show a significant improvement in survival compared to capecitabine alone in patients with MBC resistant to anthracyclines and taxanes. The observed differences in survival favored the combination arm. A clinical benefit was also seen in patients in the KPS 70-80 subgroup.

Existe un rol para la resección quirúrgica en los pacientes con cáncer de páncreas oligometastásicos / There is a role for surgical resection in patients with oligometastatic pancreatic cancer

RESUMEN Objetivo: El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar retrospectivamente la resección en pacientes con adenocarcinoma de páncreas en estadio IV oligometastásicos, luego de quimioterapia de primera línea para cáncer de páncreas metastásico evaluando la sobrevida de estos casos. Materiales y métodos: Entre enero del 2005 hasta diciembre del 2019 se evaluó de manera retrospectiva a 5 pacientes con diagnóstico de cáncer de páncreas oligometastásico sometidos a quimioterapia de primera línea luego de la cual se les efectuó cirugía resectiva. Resultados: La cirugía resectiva realizadas en estos pacientes fueron: Tres pancreatectomias distales con esplenectomía, una duodenopancreatectomia y una pancreatectomia total. Todos recibieron tratamiento con quimioterapia; tres pacientes recibieron tratamiento con Folfurinox, uno recibió 5 fluoruracilo y otro recibió gemcitabina más capecitabina. Los pacientes recibieron en promedio 4 meses de quimioterapia (3-6 meses) y luego de estos se programó la cirugía resectiva. La sobrevida media en estos pacientes fue de 23 meses (11 a 39 meses), solamente un paciente presento recidiva de la enfermedad y falleció a los 28 meses, los 4 restantes se encuentran vivos. Conclusión: La cirugía resectiva en pacientes con estadio IV con cáncer de páncreas se puede hacer de forma segura. Esta se podría considerar en pacientes seleccionados con una buena respuesta radiológica y bioquímica luego de un periodo adecuado de quimioterapia en los cuales no exista enfermedad a distancia evidente.

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this work is to retrospectively analyze the resection in patients with oligometastatic stage IV pancreatic adenocarcinoma, after first-line chemotherapy for metastatic pancreatic cancer, evaluating the survival of these cases. Materials and methods: Between January 2005 and December 2019, 5 patients diagnosed with oligometastatic pancreatic cancer undergoing first-line chemotherapy were retrospectively evaluated, after which resective surgery was performed. Results: The resective surgery performed in these patients were: three distal pancreatectomies with splenectomy, one duodenopancreatectomy and one total pancreatectomy. All received chemotherapy treatment; three patients received treatment with Folfurinox, one received 5-fluorouracil, and one received gemcitabine plus capecitabine. The patients received an average of 4 months of chemotherapy (3-6 months) and after this, resective surgery was scheduled. The average survival in these patients was 23 months (11 to 39 months), only one patient presented recurrence of the disease and died at 28 months, the remaining 4 are alive. Conclusion: Resective surgery in patients with stage IV pancreatic cancer can be done safely. This could be considered in selected patients with a good radiological and biochemical response after an adequate period of chemotherapy in whom there is no obvious distant disease.

[Primary colorectal lymphoma of diffuse large B-cells: an experience at a general hospital]. / Linfoma de células grandes B difuso primario colorectal: experiencia en un hospital general.

Primary colorectal lymphoma is a very rare disease. Primary colorectal lymphoma of diffuse large B-cells is a more frequent subtype representing 1% of all colon diseases. In a retrospective study, the clinical characteristics and treatment course of primary colorectal lymphoma of diffuse large B-cells between 1997 and 2003 were reviewed. According to Dawson's criteria, fourteen cases were identified. The average age was 65 and the ratio of men to women was 1:3. The most frequent signs and symptoms were abdominal pain (78%), diarrhea (49%) and abdominal tumor (35%). The most frequently involved regions were the cecum (42%), ascending colon (21%) and rectum (21%). Six were in Stage I, four in Stage II and four in Stage III. The 5-year survival per stage was 26, 11 and 5 months, respectively. Primary colorectal lymphoma of diffuse large B-cells usually affects the right part of the colon in an aggressive manner.

Linfoma de células grandes B difuso primario colorectal: experiencia en un hospital general / Primary colorectal lymphoma of diffuse large B-cells: an experience at a general hospital

El Linfoma primario colorectal es una enfermedad muy infrecuente. El Linfoma difuso de células B grandes primario colorectal es el subtipo más frecuente y se constituye en el 1% de todas las malignidades del colon. En un estudio retrospectivo, se revisó las características clínicas y curso de tratamiento de los linfomas de células grandes B difuso primario colorectal entre 1997-2003. De acuerdo a los criterios de Dawson fueron identificados catorce casos. La edad media fue 65 años y la relación varón /mujer1.1.3. Los signos y síntomas más frecuentes fueron: dolor abdominal (78%), diarrea (49%) y tumor abdominal (35%). Los sitios más frecuentemente involucrados fueron:ciego (42%), colon ascendente (21%) y recto (21%). Seis tuvieron un estadío I , cuatro en estadío II y cuatro en estadio III. La sobrevida a 5 años por estadios fue: 26,11 y 5 meses respectivamente.El Linfoma primario colorectal de Células grandes B difuso usualmente afecta el colon derecho con un comportamiento agresivo.

Primary colorectal lymphoma is a very rare disease. Primary colorectal lymphoma of diffuse large B-cells is a more frequent subtype representing 1% of all colon diseases. In a retrospective study, the clinical characteristics and treatment course of primary colorectal lymphoma of diffuse large B-cells between 1997 and 2003 were reviewed.According to Dawson’s criteria, fourteen cases were identified. The average age was 65 and the ratio of men to women was 1:3. The most frequent signs and symptoms were abdominal pain (78%), diarrhea (49%) and abdominal tumor (35%). The most frequently involved regions were the cecum (42%), ascending colon (21%) and rectum (21%). Six were in Stage I, four in Stage II and four in Stage III. The 5-year survival per stage was 26, 11 and 5 months, respectively. Primary colorectal lymphoma of diffuse large B-cells usually affects the right part of the colon in an aggressive manner.

Linfomas cutáneos primarios: estudio retrospectivo clinicopatológico durante el periodo 1997 - 2004 en el Hospital Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, Essalud, Lima, Perú / Cutaneous lymphoma: A retrospective clinico-pathological study during the 1997-2004 Period in Edgardo Rebagliati-Martins Hospital, Essalud, Lima, Peru

Introducción: las características clínicopatológicas de los linfomas malignos varían de acuerdo a la geografía. La piel es el segundo lugar de compromiso extranodal de linfoma no Hodgkin .El linfoma primario cutáneo tienen un comportamiento clínico y pronóstico diferente de los linfomas sistémicos Objetivo: el objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la frecuencia relativa de los linfomas cutáneos y examinar la relevancia clínica de la nueva clasificación WHO/EORTC y la sobrevida de los casos peruanos de linfoma primario cutáneo. Material y método: se realizó un estudio retrospectivo clínicopatológico de 78 casos de linfomas cutáneos, diagnosticados desde 1997 al 2004 en el Hospital Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, Essalud, Lima,Perú. Las historias clínicas, biopsias y pruebas de inmunohistoquímica de los 78 pacientes enrolados fueron revisadas. Resultados: 67/78 (85,9%) fueron linfomas primarios cutáneos y 11/78 (14,1%) fueron linfomas cutáneos secundarios. El linfoma secundario cutáneo más frecuente fue el linfoma /leucemia T del adulto (ATLL) con 72% de los casos. El linfoma primario cutáneo más frecuente fue la micosis fungoide (MF) 30/67 (44,7%) , seguido del ATLL 13/67 (19,4%) y el linfoma T periférico no especificado 4/67 (6%). La sobrevida a 5 años para la MF, ATLL cutáneo y ATLL sistémico fue de 77%. 18% y 0% respectivamente. Conclusión: MF y ATLL cutáneo fueron los linfomas primarios cutáneos más frecuentes en nuestro hospital. La MF posee un buen pronóstico mientras el ATLL cutáneo posee pobre sobrevida.

Introduction: Clinico-pathological features of malignant lymphomas vary according to geography. The skin is the second site for extranodal Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. Primary cutaneous lymphoma has a different clinical behavior and prognosis compared with systemic lymphomas. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the relative rate of cutaneous lymphomas and to examine the clinical relevance of the new WHO/EORTC classification and survival in Peruvian persons with primary cutaneous lymphoma. Methods: We conducted a clinico-pathological retrospective study in 78 cases of cutaneous lymphoma diagnosed between 1997 and 2004 in a National General Hospital. Clinical records, hematoxylin & eosin-stained slides and immunohistochemical studies from 78 patients with malignant lymphoma of the skin were reviewed. Results: 67/78 cases (85,9%) were primary cutaneous lymphomas and 11/78 (14,1%) were secondary cutaneous lymphomas. Most frequent secondary cutaneous lymphoma was systemic adult T-cell lymphoma/Leukemia (ATLL), accounting for 72% of cases. Most frequently found primary cutaneous lymphoma were mycosis fungoides (MF), in 30/67 (44,7%) patients, cutaneous ATLL in 13/67 (19,4%), and non-specific peripheral T-cell lymphoma in 4/67 (6%). 5-year survival rates for MF, cutaneous ATLL and systemic ATLL were 77%, 18%, and 0%, respectively.Conclusions: MF and ATLL are the more frequently found primary cutaneous lymphomas in our hospital. MF has a good prognosis, while cutaneous ATLL has a poor survival rate.

Tratamiento del linfoma cutáneo de células T con bexaroteno a dosis bajas en combinación con fototerapia o interferon alfa: comunicación de ocho casos tratados en el Hospital Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, 2003-2007, Lima, Perú / Therapy for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma using low-dose bexarotene combined with phototherapy or alpha-interferon: Report of eight cases treated in Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati-Martins, Lima, Peru between 2003 and 2007

Introducción: bexaroteno es un rexinoide aprobado en el tratamiento de estadios tempranos y avanzados del linfoma cutáneo de células T (LCCT). Caso Clínico: el presente reporte de casos mostramos los resultados del empleo de bexaroteno en dosis bajas más fototerapia o Interferon alfa 9 millones en el tratamiento del LCCT. Ocho pacientes fueron tratados , cinco fueron Micosis fungoides, dos Linfoma Epidermotrópico CD8 agresivo y uno fue un Síndrome Sézary. La respuesta global fue del 62.5 por ciento (5/8) y la duración media de respuesta fue de 20 meses. El bexaroteno en dosis bajas en combinación a fototerapia o interferon alfa 2a puede ser efectivo en el tratamiento del LCCT.

Introduction: Bexarotene is a rexinoid compound that is approved for use in the therapy for early and advanced stage cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL).Clinical Cases: We present in this report the results of the use of low-dose bexarotene plus phototherapy or alpha-interferon, nine million units, in the treatment of CTCL. Eight patients were treated, five had mycosis fungoides, two had CD-8 epidermothropic aggressive lymphoma. The overall response rate was 62.5 per cent (5/8), and the mean duration of response was 20 months. Low-dose bexarotene combined with phototherapy or alpha-interferon may be effective in the treatment of CTCL.

Tratamiento moderno de colectomía laparoscópica para lesiones malignas y benignas del colon / The modern treatment by laparoscopic colectomy for malignant and benign lesions of the colon

Objetivo: Demostrar la seguridad, eficacia, morbilidad, mortalidad y calidad de vida que ofrece la colectomía laparoscópica asistida en el tratamiento de la patología maligna y benigna del colon. Método: Se estudiaron 47 de 60 pacientes entre 25 y 83 años de edad sometidos a colectomía laparoscópica asistida en el periodo 1995 - 2005. Los pacientes fueron evaluados clínicamente y con exámenes de Eco-TAC ó resonancia magnética, colonoscopía y/o Rx. de colon, CEA para determinar el diagnóstico y estadiaje en caso de neoplasia. No se incluyeron pacientes con perforación colónica y peritonitis, ni tumores T4, ni mayores de 8 cms. Resultados: Las indicaciones fueron adenocarcinoma 27, diverticulitis crónica 17, adenoma velloso benigno 1, enfermedad de Crohn del íleon terminal con severa estenosis 1, poliposis familiar múltiple 1, vólvulo del ciego 1. 27 pacientes fueron del sexo femenino y 20 del sexo masculino con edades que fluctuaron entre 25 y 83 años. Las operaciones practicadas fueron colectomía derecha (12), colectomía izquierda (31), colectomía segmentaria (1), colectomía total (1), resección anterior (3). En los casos de neoplasia se completó con linfadenectomía en bloque. El tiempo operatorio osciló entre 5 horas en los casos iniciales y 3 horas en los últimos casos. El sangrado operatorio fue escaso x: 150 cc. (50-300 cc.). No se requirió de transfusiones de sangre. La eliminación de flatos se produjo en las primeras 24-36 horas en los operados del colon derecho y 24-56 horas en las del colon izquierdo. La patología mostró Dukes A, 2 pacientes (8 por ciento); Dukes B, 10 pacientes (37 por ciento); Dukes C, 15 pacientes (55 por ciento) en los casos de patología maligna. El número de ganglios extirpados fue de x: 20 (14-45). El tiempo de hospitalización fue de 4,5 días (2-6) para el colon derecho y 5.5 (3-9) para el colon izquierdo; en colectomía total 10 días por íleo prolongado y posterior control de diarrea. No hubo reoperaciones ni mortalidad. En los casos de cáncer de colon, el 60 por ciento recibió QT adyuvante. En el seguimiento no se ha documentado siembra peritoneal, recurrencia local ni recurrencia en los puertos de entrada. La sobrevida actuarial de los pacientes operados por cáncer es similar a la reportada de pacientes operados por técnica abierta y está directamente relacionada al grado de penetración en la pared del colon y al número de ganglios comprometidos...