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Background There is a paucity of randomized trials demonstrating superior efficacy of drug-coated balloon angioplasty (DCBA) compared with conventional percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) for below-the-knee arterial disease in patients with -critical limb ischemia. Purpose To compare DCBA versus PTA for below-the-knee lesions in participants with critical limb ischemia through 12 months. Materials and Methods In this prospective, randomized, two-center, double-blind superiority study, participants with critical limb ischemia with rest pain or tissue loss with atherosclerotic disease in the native below-the-knee arteries were randomly assigned (in a one-to-one ratio) to DCBA or PTA after stratification for diabetes and renal failure between November 2013 and October 2017. The primary efficacy end point was angiographic primary patency at 6 months analyzed on an intention-to-treat basis. Secondary end points through 12 months were composed of major adverse events including death and major amputations, wound healing, limb salvage, clinically driven target-lesion revascularization, and amputation-free survival. Primary and binary secondary end points, analyzed by using generalized-linear model and time-to-event analyses, were estimated with Kaplan-Meier survival curves and hazard ratios (Cox regression). Results Seventy participants (mean age, 61 years ± 10 [standard deviation]; 43 men) in the DCBA group and 68 (mean age, 64 years ± 10; 50 men) in the PTA group were evaluated. The percentage of patients with angiographic primary patency at 6 months was 43% (30 of 70) in the DCBA group and 38% (26 of 68) in the PTA group (P = .48). Through 12 months, the percentage of deaths was similar: 21% in the DCBA group and 16% in the PTA group (P = .43). Amputation-free survival rate assessed with Kaplan-Meier curves differed through 12 months: 59% (41 of 70) in the DCBA group compared with 78% (53 of 68) in the PTA group (P = .01). Conclusion In participants with critical limb ischemia, the drug-coated balloon angioplasty group and the conventional percutaneous transluminal angioplasty group had similar primary patency rates at 6 months after treatment of below-the-knee arteries. Amputation-free survival rates through 12 months were higher in the percutaneous transluminal angioplasty group. © RSNA, 2021 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
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Angioplastia com Balão/instrumentação , Isquemia/cirurgia , Extremidade Inferior/irrigação sanguínea , Paclitaxel/administração & dosagem , Doença Arterial Periférica/cirurgia , Moduladores de Tubulina/administração & dosagem , Angiografia , Meios de Contraste , Método Duplo-Cego , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos , Feminino , Humanos , Iohexol , Isquemia/diagnóstico por imagem , Salvamento de Membro , Extremidade Inferior/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doença Arterial Periférica/diagnóstico por imagem , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To perform an individual patient data level meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials comparing drug coated balloon angioplasty (DCB) against conventional percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) in the treatment of dysfunctional haemodialysis venous access. METHODS: A search was conducted from inception to 13 November 2020. Kaplan-Meier curves comparing DCB with PTA by target lesion primary patency (TLPP) and access circuit primary patency (ACPP) were graphically reconstructed to retrieve patient level data. One stage meta-analyses with Cox models with random effects shared frailties were conducted to determine hazard ratios (HRs). Dynamic restricted mean survival times (RMST) were conducted in view of violation of the proportional hazards assumption. Conventional two stage meta-analyses and network meta-analyses under random effects Frequentist models were conducted to determine overall and comparative outcomes of paclitaxel concentrations used. Where outliers were consistently detected through outlier and influence analyses, sensitivity analyses excluding those studies were conducted. RESULTS: Among 10 RCTs (1 207 patients), HRs across all models favoured DCB (one stage shared frailty HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.53 - 0.73, p < .001; two stage random effects HR 0.60, 95% CI 0.42 - 0.86, p = .018, I2 = 65%) for TLPP. Evidence of time varying effects (p = .005) was found. TLPP RMST was + 3.54 months (25.0%) longer in DCB treated patients compared with PTA (p = .001) at three years. TLPP at six months, one year, and two years was 75.3% vs. 58.1%, 51.1% vs. 37.1%, and 31.4% vs. 26.0% for DCB and PTA, respectively. The P-Scores within the Frequentist network meta-analysis suggest that higher concentrations of paclitaxel were associated with better TLPP and ACPP. Among six RCTs (854 patients), the one stage model favoured DCB (shared frailty HR 0.72, 95% CI 0.60 - 0.87, p < .001) for ACPP. Conversely, the two stage random effects model demonstrated no significant difference (HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.35 - 1.67, p = .41, I2 = 81%). Sensitivity analysis excluding outliers significantly favoured DCB (HR 0.61, 95% CI 0.41 - 0.91, p = .027, I2 = 62%). CONCLUSION: Overall evidence suggests that DCB is favoured over PTA in TLPP and ACPP.
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Angioplastia com Balão/instrumentação , Derivação Arteriovenosa Cirúrgica/efeitos adversos , Fármacos Cardiovasculares/administração & dosagem , Materiais Revestidos Biocompatíveis , Oclusão de Enxerto Vascular/terapia , Diálise Renal , Dispositivos de Acesso Vascular , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Angioplastia com Balão/efeitos adversos , Fármacos Cardiovasculares/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Oclusão de Enxerto Vascular/etiologia , Oclusão de Enxerto Vascular/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Grau de Desobstrução VascularRESUMO
PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy and safety of cutting balloon angioplasty (CBA) versus high-pressure balloon angioplasty (HPBA) for the treatment of hemodialysis autogenous fistula stenoses resistant to conventional percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a prospective, randomized clinical trial involving patients with dysfunctional, stenotic hemodialysis arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs), patients were randomized to receive CBA or HPBA if conventional PTA had suboptimal results (ie, residual stenosis > 30%). A total of 516 patients consented to participate in the study from October 2008 to September 2011, 85% of whom (n = 439) had technically successful conventional PTA. The remaining 71 patients (mean age, 60 y; 49 men) with suboptimal PTA results were eventually randomized: 36 to the CBA arm and 35 to the HPBA arm. Primary and secondary target lesion patencies were determined by Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS: Clinical success rates were 100% in both arms. Primary target lesion patency rates at 6 months were 66.4% and 39.9% for CBA and HPBA, respectively (P = .01). Secondary target lesion patency rates at 6 months were 96.5% for CBA and 80.0% for HPBA (P = .03). There was a single major complication of venous perforation following CBA. The 30-day mortality rate was 1.4%, with one non-procedure-related death in the HPBA group. CONCLUSIONS: Primary and secondary target lesion patency rates of CBA were statistically superior to those of HPBA following suboptimal conventional PTA. For AVF stenoses resistant to conventional PTA, CBA may be a better second-line treatment given its superior patency rates.
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Angioplastia com Balão/métodos , Derivação Arteriovenosa Cirúrgica/efeitos adversos , Implante de Prótese Vascular/efeitos adversos , Oclusão de Enxerto Vascular/terapia , Diálise Renal , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Angioplastia com Balão/efeitos adversos , Angioplastia com Balão/mortalidade , Derivação Arteriovenosa Cirúrgica/mortalidade , Implante de Prótese Vascular/mortalidade , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Constrição Patológica , Feminino , Oclusão de Enxerto Vascular/diagnóstico , Oclusão de Enxerto Vascular/etiologia , Oclusão de Enxerto Vascular/mortalidade , Oclusão de Enxerto Vascular/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pressão , Estudos Prospectivos , Recidiva , Singapura , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Grau de Desobstrução Vascular , Adulto JovemRESUMO
PURPOSE: Drug-coated balloon angioplasty (DCBA) has been studied as a potentially superior option compared to conventional percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) in treating below-the-knee (BTK) arteries in chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI). The aim of this study is to examine the cost-effectiveness of DCBA versus PTA in BTK arteries based on a randomized controlled trial. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective economic study was embedded in a randomized controlled trial of 138 patients with CLTI. Resource use and health outcomes were assessed at baseline, and at 3, 6 and 12 months post-intervention. Costs were calculated from a societal perspective and health outcomes measured using quality-adjusted life years with probabilistic sensitivity analysis performed to account for subject heterogeneity. RESULTS: Compared with participants randomized to receive PTA, participants randomized to DCBA gained an average baseline-adjusted quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) of .012 while average total costs were USD$1854 higher; this translates to an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of US$154,500 additional cost per QALY gained. However, the estimate of ICER had substantial variance with only 48% of bootstrap ICERs meeting a benchmark threshold of US$57,705 (the average gross domestic product (GDP) per capita of Singapore). CONCLUSION: The use of DCBA in BTK arteries in CLTI patients was not cost-effective compared with PTA. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2, Randomized trial.
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Angioplastia com Balão , Isquemia Crônica Crítica de Membro , Humanos , Análise Custo-Benefício , Estudos Prospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Angioplastia com Balão/efeitos adversos , Artéria Poplítea , Angioplastia , Isquemia/terapiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty is the current standard treatment for arteriovenous fistula (AVF) stenosis. The mid- and long-term patency with plain balloon angioplasty (PBA) is however far from satisfactory. While paclitaxel-coated balloon angioplasty has been shown to be superior to PBA, concern over its safety profile has recently arisen after a reported possible increased mortality risk with a meta-analysis of large lower limb studies. An angioplasty balloon with a new type of drug coating, the sirolimus-coated balloon (SCB), has been proven to improve patency in the coronary arteries. However, its effect on AV access has yet to be studied. METHODS/DESIGN: This is an investigator-initiated, prospective, multicenter, double-blinded, randomized controlled clinical trial to assess the effectiveness of SCB compared to PBA in improving the patency of AVF after angioplasty. A total of 170 patients with mature AVF that requires PTA due to AVF dysfunction will be randomly assigned to treatment with a SCB or PBA at a 1:1 ratio, stratified by location of AVF and followed up for up to 1 year. The inclusion criteria include [1] adult patient aged 21 to 85 years who requires balloon angioplasty for dysfunctional arteriovenous fistula [2]; matured AVF, defined as being in use for at least 1 month prior to the angioplasty; and [3] successful angioplasty of the underlying stenosis with PBA, defined as less than 30% residual stenosis on digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and restoration of thrill in the AVF on clinical examination. The exclusion criteria include thrombosed or partially thrombosed access circuit at the time of treatment, presence of symptomatic or angiographically significant central vein stenosis that requires treatment with more than 30% residual stenosis post angioplasty, and existing stent placement within the AVF circuit. The primary endpoint of the study is access circuit primary patency at 6 months. The secondary endpoints are target lesion primary patency; access circuit-assisted primary patency; access circuit secondary patency at 3, 6, and 12 months; target lesion restenosis rate at 6 months; total number of interventions; complication rate; and cost-effectiveness. The trial is supported by Concept Medical. DISCUSSION: This study will evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of SCB compared to PBA in the treatment of AVF stenosis in hemodialysis patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04409912 . Registered on 1 June 2020.
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Angioplastia com Balão , Sirolimo , Angioplastia com Balão/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Estudos Multicêntricos como Assunto , Paclitaxel , Estudos Prospectivos , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Diálise Renal/efeitos adversos , Sirolimo/efeitos adversosRESUMO
PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy of endovenous laser therapy (EVLT) in the treatment of lower-limb venous ulcers secondary to venous reflux. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-four of 139 patients referred for EVLT from January 2004 to August 2007 had nonhealing venous ulcers. Preprocedural duplex ultrasound (US) was performed to document saphenous venous reflux secondary to saphenofemoral/saphenopopliteal junction incompetence, deep venous insufficiency, and deep vein thrombosis. Follow-up intervals were within 1 week, monthly until ulcer healing, and every 6 months thereafter. Mean follow-up period was 35.8 months (range, 8.1-59.3 months). RESULTS: Mean great saphenous vein (GSV) diameter and length treated were 9.9 mm (range, 5.5-16.0 mm) and 36.7 cm (range, 20.0-60.0 cm). Mean laser energy used was 3,292 J (range, 1,392-4,971 J). Mean energy deposited per centimeter of vein was 93.6 J/cm (range, 45.2-182.0 J/cm). Mean laser time was 232 seconds (range, 99-347 sec). Fifteen patients with follow-up duplex US had no GSV flow at 6 months, with nonvisualization indicating complete obliteration. Ulcer healing occurred as early as 1 week after the procedure in some patients. Cumulative healing rates at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months were 82.1%, 92.5%, 92.5%, and 97.4%, respectively. No ulcer had recurred at 1 year, but ulcers recurred in five patients at 14, 14, 23, 35, and 52 months after EVLT, respectively. One patient with a nonhealing ulcer 2 years after treatment developed well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: Ulcer epithelization occurred with continued GSV occlusion and loss of flow. Most ulcers healed within 3 months with no recurrence at 1 year. Nonhealing ulcers should undergo biopsy to exclude malignant transformation.
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Terapia a Laser/métodos , Veia Safena/cirurgia , Úlcera Varicosa/cirurgia , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the usefulness of intermediate dose furosemide to improve visualization of the intrarenal collecting system and ureter using MDCTU. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two groups of 100 patients without urinary tract disease or major abdominal pathology underwent MDCTU. Group I (various abdominal indications) was performed without any additional preparation and Group II (suspicion of urinary tract disease) 10 min after injection of furosemide (20mg). MIP images of the excretory phase were post-processed. Maximal short-axis diameter of the pelvis and ureter were measured on axial images for all phases. Visualization of the collecting system wall and the identification of the whole ureter were assessed. RESULTS: Mean pelvic diameter before contrast was (7.4mm, S.D.+/-2.7; 13.4mm, S.D.+/-4.1), on cortico-medullary phase (8.4mm, S.D.+/-4.2; 14.3mm, S.D.+/-4), on nephrographic phase (8.1mm, S.D.+/-2.5; 14.8mm, S.D.+/-4) and on excretory phase (9.7 mm, S.D.+/-3.4; 14.9 mm, S.D.+/-4.5), respectively, for Groups I and II. Intrarenal collecting system wall was clearly identified on both corticomedullary and nephrographic phases in 91% of Group II against 20% of Group I. Opacification of the entire ureter was excellent on excretory phase in 96% of Group II against 13% of Group I. The difference between the mean values for the two groups was statistically significant for all phases (p<10(-9)). CONCLUSION: Intermediate-dose furosemide (20mg) before MDCTU is a very simple add-on for accurate depiction of pelvicalyceal details and collecting system wall without artefacts. The procedure is associated with a constant and complete visualisation of the entire urete.
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Diuréticos/administração & dosagem , Furosemida/administração & dosagem , Aumento da Imagem/métodos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Urografia/métodos , Doenças Urológicas/diagnóstico por imagem , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Meios de Contraste/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Humanos , Injeções , Iohexol/administração & dosagem , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Interpretação de Imagem Radiográfica Assistida por ComputadorRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: An arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the preferred method for haemodialysis in patients with end-stage renal failure. Previous studies have shown value in attempting percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) to salvage AVFs that fail to mature, but they are relatively small in size and mainly reported in Western populations. We reviewed our data of PTA in non-maturing AVFs to establish whether this technique is translatable to our local multiethnic population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and procedural images of 105 patients who had PTA for non-maturing AVFs performed at our department from January 2008 to January 2011. Technical success was defined as ≤30% residual stenosis after angioplasty. Clinical success was defined as at least 1 successful haemodialysis session within 4 weeks after PTA. RESULTS: All 105 patients underwent angioplasty for at least 1 haemodynamically significant stenosis. Six (5.7%) had additional embolisation of accessory veins. Technical success was achieved in 95.2% of cases. The clinical success rate was 76.2%. Primary patency rates at 3, 6 and 12 months were 83%, 45% and 28%, respectively. Secondary patency rates at 3, 6 and 12 months were 90%, 79% and 70%, respectively. The minor complication rate was 18.1%. No major complications were encountered. An average of 1.7 interventions per access-year was required to maintain AVF patency. Patients with a preoperative vein size >2.0 mm and age <55 years were more likely to achieve clinical success, although not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: PTA is a viable option to help salvage non-maturing AVFs in a multiethnic Asian population.
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Angioplastia/métodos , Derivação Arteriovenosa Cirúrgica , Constrição Patológica/terapia , Falência Renal Crônica/terapia , Embolização Terapêutica , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Diálise Renal , Reoperação , Estudos Retrospectivos , Singapura , VeiasRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Coincidence imaging of low-abundance yttrium-90 (90Y) internal pair production by positron emission tomography with integrated computed tomography (PET/CT) achieves high-resolution imaging of post-radioembolization microsphere biodistribution. Part 2 analyzes tumor and non-target tissue dose-response by 90Y PET quantification and evaluates the accuracy of tumor 99mTc macroaggregated albumin (MAA) single-photon emission computed tomography with integrated CT (SPECT/CT) predictive dosimetry. METHODS: Retrospective dose quantification of 90Y resin microspheres was performed on the same 23-patient data set in part 1. Phantom studies were performed to assure quantitative accuracy of our time-of-flight lutetium-yttrium-oxyorthosilicate system. Dose-responses were analyzed using 90Y dose-volume histograms (DVHs) by PET voxel dosimetry or mean absorbed doses by Medical Internal Radiation Dose macrodosimetry, correlated to follow-up imaging or clinical findings. Intended tumor mean doses by predictive dosimetry were compared to doses by 90Y PET. RESULTS: Phantom studies demonstrated near-perfect detector linearity and high tumor quantitative accuracy. For hepatocellular carcinomas, complete responses were generally achieved at D70 > 100 Gy (D70, minimum dose to 70% tumor volume), whereas incomplete responses were generally at D70 < 100 Gy; smaller tumors (<80 cm3) achieved D70 > 100 Gy more easily than larger tumors. There was complete response in a cholangiocarcinoma at D70 90 Gy and partial response in an adrenal gastrointestinal stromal tumor metastasis at D70 53 Gy. In two patients, a mean dose of 18 Gy to the stomach was asymptomatic, 49 Gy caused gastritis, 65 Gy caused ulceration, and 53 Gy caused duodenitis. In one patient, a bilateral kidney mean dose of 9 Gy (V20 8%) did not cause clinically relevant nephrotoxicity. Under near-ideal dosimetric conditions, there was excellent correlation between intended tumor mean doses by predictive dosimetry and those by 90Y PET, with a low median relative error of +3.8% (95% confidence interval, -1.2% to +13.2%). CONCLUSIONS: Tumor and non-target tissue absorbed dose quantification by 90Y PET is accurate and yields radiobiologically meaningful dose-response information to guide adjuvant or mitigative action. Tumor 99mTc MAA SPECT/CT predictive dosimetry is feasible. 90Y DVHs may guide future techniques in predictive dosimetry.
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BACKGROUND: Yttrium-90 (90Y) positron emission tomography with integrated computed tomography (PET/CT) represents a technological leap from 90Y bremsstrahlung single-photon emission computed tomography with integrated computed tomography (SPECT/CT) by coincidence imaging of low abundance internal pair production. Encouraged by favorable early experiences, we implemented post-radioembolization 90Y PET/CT as an adjunct to 90Y bremsstrahlung SPECT/CT in diagnostic reporting. METHODS: This is a retrospective review of all paired 90Y PET/CT and 90Y bremsstrahlung SPECT/CT scans over a 1-year period. We compared image resolution, ability to confirm technical success, detection of non-target activity, and providing conclusive information about 90Y activity within targeted tumor vascular thrombosis. 90Y resin microspheres were used. 90Y PET/CT was performed on a conventional time-of-flight lutetium-yttrium-oxyorthosilicate scanner with minor modifications to acquisition and reconstruction parameters. Specific findings on 90Y PET/CT were corroborated by 90Y bremsstrahlung SPECT/CT, 99mTc macroaggregated albumin SPECT/CT, follow-up diagnostic imaging or review of clinical records. RESULTS: Diagnostic reporting recommendations were developed from our collective experience across 44 paired scans. Emphasis on the continuity of care improved overall diagnostic accuracy and reporting confidence of the operator. With proper technique, the presence of background noise did not pose a problem for diagnostic reporting. A counter-intuitive but effective technique of detecting non-target activity is proposed, based on the pattern of activity and its relation to underlying anatomy, instead of its visual intensity. In a sub-analysis of 23 patients with a median follow-up of 5.4 months, 90Y PET/CT consistently outperformed 90Y bremsstrahlung SPECT/CT in all aspects of qualitative analysis, including assessment for non-target activity and tumor vascular thrombosis. Parts of viscera closely adjacent to the liver remain challenging for non-target activity detection, compounded by a tendency for mis-registration. CONCLUSIONS: Adherence to proper diagnostic reporting technique and emphasis on continuity of care are vital to the clinical utility of post-radioembolization 90Y PET/CT. 90Y PET/CT is superior to 90Y bremsstrahlung SPECT/CT for the assessment of target and non-target activity.
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Unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma has a high frequency of vascular invasion and arterial parasitization. Trans-arterial radioembolization using yttrium-90 (Y90) microspheres is a possible treatment option. Paramount to its success is the meticulous angiographic interrogation of tumor feeding arteries and extra-hepatic supply. We describe a patient with tumor invasion of the inferior vena cava with arterial supply from the right inferior phrenic artery, which was exquisitely visualized using intra-arterial computed tomographic angiography (IACTA) during the planning technetium-99m macro aggregated albumin phase. This technique was useful in planning which artery to administer Y90 microspheres into for maximal brachytherapy. Although patient outcome was poor due to significant arterio-portal shunting, we believe that IACTA is a useful adjunct to conventional digital subtraction angiography in planning radioembolization therapy.
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Angiografia Digital/métodos , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/diagnóstico por imagem , Embolização Terapêutica/métodos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/diagnóstico por imagem , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos/administração & dosagem , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Veia Cava Inferior/diagnóstico por imagem , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/irrigação sanguínea , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/terapia , Circulação Colateral , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Injeções Intra-Arteriais , Neoplasias Hepáticas/irrigação sanguínea , Neoplasias Hepáticas/terapia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Radioembolization is an effective locoregional therapy for patients with intermediate or advanced stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It has been shown that radioembolization is safe in patients with portal vein thrombosis. This case report describes safe radioembolization after portal vein embolization in a patient with multifocal HCC.
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Carcinoma Hepatocelular/terapia , Embolização Terapêutica/métodos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/terapia , Veia Porta , Idoso , Angiografia Digital , Biomarcadores Tumorais/sangue , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Testes de Função Hepática , Neoplasias Hepáticas/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Álcool de Polivinil/uso terapêutico , Interpretação de Imagem Radiográfica Assistida por Computador , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate our experience of limb salvage with bare nitinol stent enabled recanalization of long length occlusions of superficial femoral artery (SFA) and adjacent proximal popliteal artery (PPA) in diabetic patients. METHODS: A total of 573 patients underwent 842 lower limb interventions from August 2006 to September 2008 at our institute. A retrospective review was done of diabetic patients undergoing recanalization of long length SFA/adjacent PPA (>10 cm) occlusions with self expanding bare nitinol stents evaluating their impact on limb salvage. RESULTS: Forty-four patients (mean age 65.2 years, M:F 25:19) underwent 49 long-length (>10 cm) SFA/PPA stenting procedures over a period of 26 months. Diabetics comprised 66% of patients (n=29, mean age: 63.7 years, M: F 19:10). The infrapopliteal distal run-off in this diabetic subgroup comprised one vessel (n=14/29, 48%), two vessels (n=12/29, 41%), and three vessels (n=3/29, 10%). The spectrum of critical limb ischemia included rest pain (n=8), ulcer (n=7) and gangrene (n=14). The lengths of occlusions recanalized were 10-39 cm. A total of 58 stents (individual length 10-17 cm, average diameter 6 mm, mean 2 stents per patient) were placed with average length of stented segment being 23.8 cm. Four patients had stents placed through ipsilateral popliteal artery approach with rest placed through femoral artery approach. Significant complications of the procedure included distal embolization (n=3) successfully managed with thrombolysis and popliteal arteriovenous fistula in one patient undergoing recanalization through popliteal approach, managed with covered stent placement. No procedure related mortality occurred during thirty-day follow-up period. All were followed up over an average duration of twelve months post-procedure. Three patients died due to associated medical conditions during this period. The following amputations were done on follow-up (three toe amputations, five forefoot amputations, three below-knee amputations, two above-knee amputations). The overall limb salvage rate was 80%. CONCLUSION: Our study shows beneficial result of SFA/PPA stent placement in diabetic occlusions with significant concomitant infrapopliteal disease.
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Ligas , Angioplastia com Balão/instrumentação , Arteriopatias Oclusivas/terapia , Angiopatias Diabéticas/terapia , Artéria Femoral , Isquemia/terapia , Extremidade Inferior/irrigação sanguínea , Artéria Poplítea , Stents , Idoso , Amputação Cirúrgica , Angioplastia com Balão/efeitos adversos , Arteriopatias Oclusivas/complicações , Arteriopatias Oclusivas/mortalidade , Arteriopatias Oclusivas/fisiopatologia , Doença Crônica , Constrição Patológica , Estado Terminal , Angiopatias Diabéticas/complicações , Angiopatias Diabéticas/mortalidade , Angiopatias Diabéticas/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Artéria Femoral/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Isquemia/etiologia , Isquemia/mortalidade , Isquemia/fisiopatologia , Salvamento de Membro , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Artéria Poplítea/fisiopatologia , Desenho de Prótese , Sistema de Registros , Estudos Retrospectivos , Singapura , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Grau de Desobstrução VascularRESUMO
Esophageal cancer is now the sixth leading cause of death from cancer worldwide. During the past three decades, important changes have occurred in the epidemiologic patterns associated with this disease. Due to the distensible characteristics of the esophagus, patients may not recognize any symptoms until 50% of the luminal diameter is compromised, explaining why cancer of the esophagus is generally associated with late presentation and poor prognosis. Esophageal cancer has a poor outcome, with an overall 5 year survival rate of less than 10%, and fewer than 50% of patients are suitable for resection at presentation. As a result palliation is the best option in this group of patients. The aims of palliation are maintenance of oral intake, minimizing hospital stay, relief of pain, elimination of reflux and regurgitation, and prevention of aspiration. For palliative care, current treatment options include thermal ablation, photodynamic therapy, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, chemical injection therapy, argon beam or bipolar electrocoagulation therapy, enteral feeding (nasogastric tube/percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy), and intubation (self-expanding metal stents (SEMS) or semi-rigid prosthetic tubes) with different success and complications rates.