RESUMO
Breast-feeding provides protection against infections and contains numerous factors that modulate and promote the development of the infant immune system. These factors include secretory IgA, antimicrobial proteins like CD14, cytokines, and fatty acids. Studies examining the role of breast-feeding in the development of allergic disease in infants demonstrate potentially protective as well as neutral or nonprotective effects, likely due to the heterogeneity in their study design. In this overview, we explore the potential role of immune factors in the breast milk, as well as selected probiotics, in the development of allergy.
Assuntos
Aleitamento Materno , Hipersensibilidade/imunologia , Sistema Imunitário/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Fatores Imunológicos/metabolismo , Leite Humano/imunologia , Citocinas/metabolismo , Dermatite Atópica/imunologia , Dermatite Atópica/prevenção & controle , Ácidos Graxos/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Hipersensibilidade/prevenção & controle , Imunoglobulina A Secretora/metabolismo , Receptores de Lipopolissacarídeos/metabolismo , Leite Humano/metabolismoAssuntos
Síndrome Linfoproliferativa Autoimune/diagnóstico , Trombocitopenia/etiologia , Síndrome Linfoproliferativa Autoimune/sangue , Síndrome Linfoproliferativa Autoimune/complicações , Síndrome Linfoproliferativa Autoimune/tratamento farmacológico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Diarreia/etiologia , Exantema/etiologia , Febre/etiologia , Citometria de Fluxo , Testes Hematológicos , Humanos , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Lactente , Contagem de Linfócitos , Masculino , Ácido Micofenólico/análogos & derivados , Ácido Micofenólico/uso terapêuticoAssuntos
Vesícula/etiologia , Mastocitose Cutânea/complicações , Vacinação/efeitos adversos , Corticosteroides/uso terapêutico , Antiasmáticos/uso terapêutico , Biópsia , Vesícula/tratamento farmacológico , Cromolina Sódica/uso terapêutico , Exantema/tratamento farmacológico , Exantema/etiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Mastocitose Cutânea/diagnóstico , Mastocitose Cutânea/patologiaRESUMO
To identify potential molecular determinants of tumor biology and possible clinical outcomes, global gene-expression patterns were analyzed in the primary tumors of patients with metastatic renal cell cancer by using cDNA microarrays. We used grossly dissected tumor masses that included tumor, blood vessels, connective tissue, and infiltrating immune cells to obtain a gene-expression "profile" from each primary tumor. Two patterns of gene expression were found within this uniformly staged patient population, which correlated with a significant difference in overall survival between the two patient groups. Subsets of genes most significantly associated with survival were defined, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) was the gene most predictive for survival. Therefore, despite the complex biological nature of metastatic cancer, basic clinical behavior as defined by survival may be determined by the gene-expression patterns expressed within the compilation of primary gross tumor cells. We conclude that survival in patients with metastatic renal cell cancer can be correlated with the expression of various genes based solely on the expression profile in the primary kidney tumor.