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1.
Can Vet J ; 63(10): 1044-1050, 2022 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36185797

RESUMO

All private veterinary practices in western Canada (N = 1333) were surveyed during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic (January to November 2020) to generate data on the demographics of the profession, and to quantify past and present hiring intentions (demand) as well as remuneration for veterinary associates. The response rate was 39.5% (526/1333), 186 of which had hired at least one full- (FT) or part-time (PT) associate within the 12-month period preceding the completion of the survey. When extrapolated to the practices that did not respond (nonresponders), as many as 471 practices may have hired an associate within the previous 12 mo. The median (mean) annual remuneration paid to FT associates was $90 000 ($91 730). The median number of months it took to hire an associate did not vary by province (P = 0.52); however, it did vary by practice type (P <0.0001): companion animal practice, 3.0 mo; food animal practice, 8.0 mo; and mixed animal practice, 12.0 mo. At the time of the survey, 232 of the 526 (44.1%) responding practices were currently seeking to fill 281 vacancies, representing 274 full-time equivalents (FTE). If extrapolated to the nonresponders, the total number of vacant FTE positions could have been as high as 694. The median (mean) annual wage offered for a FT associate was $87 500 ($88 940), which did not differ by province (P = 0.14) or practice type (P = 0.22). The results of this study support anecdotal reports of a shortage of private veterinary practitioners in western Canada.


Intentions d'embauche et rémunération des vétérinaires praticiens dans l'Ouest canadien. Tous les cabinets vétérinaires privés de l'Ouest canadien (N = 1333) ont été interrogés pendant la pandémie de SARS-CoV-2 (janvier à novembre 2020) afin de générer des données sur la démographie de la profession et de quantifier les intentions d'embauche passées et présentes (demande) ainsi que rémunération des associés vétérinaires. Le taux de réponse était de 39,5 % (526/1333), dont 186 avaient embauché au moins un associé à temps plein (FT) ou à temps partiel (PT) au cours de la période de 12 mois précédant la fin de l'enquête. Lorsqu'ils sont extrapolés aux pratiques qui n'ont pas répondu (non-répondants), jusqu'à 471 pratiques peuvent avoir embauché un associé au cours des 12 derniers mois. La rémunération annuelle médiane (moyenne) versée aux associés de FT était de 90 000 $ (91 730 $). Le nombre de mois qu'il a fallu pour embaucher un associé ne variait pas selon la province (P = 0,52); cependant, elle variait selon le type de pratique (P <0,0001) : pratique des animaux de compagnie, 3,0 mois; pratique des animaux destinés à l'alimentation, 8,0 mois; et pratique animale mixte, 12,0 mois. Au moment de l'enquête, 232 des 526 cabinets répondants (44,1 %) cherchaient actuellement à pourvoir 281 postes vacants, représentant 274 équivalents temps plein (ETP). Si extrapolé aux non-répondants, le nombre total de postes vacants en ETP aurait pu atteindre 694. Le salaire annuel médian (moyen) offert pour un associé à temps plein était de 87 500 $ (88 940 $), ce qui ne différait pas selon la province (P = 0,14) ou type de pratique (P = 0,22). Les résultats de cette étude appuient les rapports anecdotiques d'une pénurie de vétérinaires praticiens privés dans l'Ouest canadien.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Médicos Veterinários , Animais , COVID-19/veterinária , Canadá , Humanos , Intenção , Remuneração , SARS-CoV-2 , Recursos Humanos
2.
Can Vet J ; 63(1): 27-30, 2022 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34975164

RESUMO

A workforce survey of private veterinary practices in western Canada was conducted in 2020. Data were obtained on 526 practices (response rate = 39.5%) and 1445 individual veterinary practitioners. Overall, 68.4% of practitioners identified as female, with 4 times as many females as males comprising the youngest age cohorts (26 to 35 y) of the profession. The majority of practices (67.9%) were companion animal, followed by mixed animal (21.9%) and food animal (10.2%). Most females (77.2%) and males (57.8%) were engaged in companion animal practice, whereas 23.5% of males and 6.0% of females were food animal practitioners. During an average work week, practitioners devoted 77.4% of practice time to small animals, 15.1% to food animals, and 7.5% to equine animals. A greater proportion of males (75.2%) versus females (63.2%) worked on a full-time equivalent basis (P < 0.001). Whereas males were 1.7 times (95% CI = 1.3 to 2.3; P < 0.001) more likely to be practice owners than females, 54.5% of females were owners. Practice ownership was lower than in previous surveys, a trend that may have long-term implications with respect to the corporatization of the veterinary profession.


Enquête démographique sur les cabinets vétérinaires privés dans l'Ouest canadien. Une enquête sur la main-d'oeuvre des cabinets vétérinaires privés dans l'Ouest canadien a été menée en 2020. Des données ont été obtenues sur 526 cabinets (taux de réponse = 39,5 %) et 1445 praticiens vétérinaires individuels. Dans l'ensemble, 68,4 % des praticiens se sont identifiés comme des femmes, avec quatre fois plus de femmes que d'hommes parmi les cohortes d'âge les plus jeunes (26 à 35 ans) de la profession. La majorité des pratiques (67,9 %) étaient chez les animaux de compagnie, suivis des pratiques mixtes (21,9 %) et chez les animaux de rente (10,2 %). La plupart des femmes (77,2 %) et des hommes (57,8 %) travaillaient en pratique des animaux de compagnie, tandis que 23,5 % des hommes et 6,0 % des femmes étaient en pratique des animaux de rente. Au cours d'une semaine de travail moyenne, les praticiens ont consacré 77,4 % de leur temps de pratique aux petits animaux, 15,1 % aux animaux de rente et 7,5 % aux équidés. Une plus grande proportion d'hommes (75,2 %) que de femmes (63,2 %) travaillaient en équivalent temps plein (P < 0,001). Alors que les hommes étaient 1,7 fois (IC à 95 % = 1,3 à 2,3; P < 0,001) plus susceptibles d'être propriétaires d'un cabinet que les femmes, 54,5 % des femmes étaient propriétaires. La propriété de la pratique était plus faible que dans les enquêtes précédentes, une tendance qui peut avoir des implications à long terme en ce qui concerne la corporisation de la profession vétérinaire.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).


Assuntos
Médicos Veterinários , Medicina Veterinária , Animais , Canadá , Demografia , Emprego , Feminino , Cavalos , Humanos , Masculino , Inquéritos e Questionários , Recursos Humanos
3.
J Clin Microbiol ; 58(6)2020 05 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32295891

RESUMO

Mycoplasma bovis causes pneumonia, pharyngitis, otitis, arthritis, mastitis, and reproductive disorders in cattle and bison. Two multilocus sequence typing (MLST) schemes have been developed for M. bovis, with one serving as the PubMLST reference method, but no comparison of the schemes has been undertaken. Although the PubMLST scheme has proven to be highly discriminatory and informative, the recent discovery of isolates missing one of the typing loci, adh-1, raises concern about its suitability for continued use. The goal of our study was to compare the performance of the two MLST schemes and identify a new reference scheme capable of fully typing all isolates. We evaluated 448 isolates from diverse geographic and anatomic sites that collectively represent cattle, bison, deer, and a goat. The discrimination indexes (DIs) for the PubMLST and the alternative scheme are 0.909 (91 sequence types [STs]) and 0.842 (77 STs), respectively. Although the PubMLST scheme outperformed the alternative scheme, the adh-1 locus must be retired from the PubMLST scheme if it is to be retained as a reference method. The DI obtained using the six remaining PubMLST loci (0.897, 79 STs) fails to reach the benchmark recommended for a reference method (0.900), mandating the addition of a seventh locus. Comparative analysis of genome sequences from the isolates used here identified the dnaA locus from the alternative scheme as the optimal replacement for adh-1 This revised scheme, which will be implemented as the new PubMLST reference method, has a DI of 0.914 and distinguishes 88 STs from the 448 isolates evaluated.


Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos , Cervos , Mycoplasma bovis , Animais , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/diagnóstico , Feminino , Genótipo , Cabras , Tipagem de Sequências Multilocus , Mycoplasma bovis/genética , Filogenia
4.
Can Vet J ; 61(1): 75-78, 2020 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31892759

RESUMO

Between 2011 and 2016, the number of dairy operations in Canada decreased by 13.3%. Mean herd size increased from 65 to 73 animals per farm. The ratio of older (> 60 years old) to younger (< 31 years old) producers also increased. The age structure of the industry suggests that consolidation will continue for the next decade, which has implications for the provision of veterinary services to dairy operations.


Actualisation des données démographiques des exploitations laitières pendant la période de 2011 à 2016. De 2011 à 2016, le nombre d'exploitations laitières au Canada a diminué de 13,3 %. La taille moyenne des exploitations a augmenté de 65 à 73 animaux par ferme. Le ratio d'éleveurs plus âges (> 60 ans) de ceux plus jeunes (< 31 ans) a augmenté aussi. La structure par âge suggère que cette consolidation doive se poursuivra pendant la prochaine décennie et devrait toucher l'offre des services vétérinaires aux exploitations laitières.(Traduit par les auteurs).


Assuntos
Indústria de Laticínios , Animais , Canadá , Demografia , Fazendas
5.
Can Vet J ; 61(10): 1065-1072, 2020 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33012822

RESUMO

Data generated from Statistics Canada's 2016 Census of Agriculture and Census of Population were used to describe the adoption of 8 technologies by the Canadian dairy industry: computer/laptop, smartphone/tablet, auto-steering, auto-feeding, auto-environment, robotic milking, global positioning systems (GPS), and geographical information systems (GIS). Logistic regression was used to analyze the adoption of each technology by geographical region, operators' gender, operators' age, herd size, and number of operators per farm. Gender and age were marginally related to the level of adoption of each technology, whereas the number of operators per dairy farm and farm size were associated with increased adoption of most technologies. Quebec had the smallest average farm size, but the highest levels of adoption for 5 of 8 technologies.


Facteurs associés avec l'adoption des technologies par l'industrie laitière canadienne. Les données générées par le Recensement de la population et le Recensement de l'agriculture de 2016 de Statistiques Canada furent utilisées pour décrire l'adoption de huit technologies par l'industrie laitière canadienne : ordinateur/portable, téléphone intelligent/tablette, assistant à la navigation, alimentation automatique, environnement automatisé, traite robotisée, système de positionnement global (GPS), et système d'information géographique (GIS). Une régression logistique fut utilisée pour analyser l'adoption de chaque technologie par région géographique, sexe de l'opérateur, l'âge de l'opérateur, taille du troupeau, et nombre d'opérateurs par ferme. Le sexe et l'âge étaient reliés de manière marginale au degré d'adoption de chaque technologie, alors que le nombre d'opérateurs par ferme et la taille de la ferme étaient associés avec une augmentation de l'adoption de la plupart des technologies. Le Québec avait la taille moyenne des fermes la plus petite, mais le niveau d'adoption le plus élevé pour cinq des huit technologies.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).


Assuntos
Indústria de Laticínios , Leite , Animais , Canadá , Quebeque , Tecnologia
6.
Can Vet J ; 61(8): 891-893, 2020 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32741998

RESUMO

The ownership structure and financial status of Canadian dairy farms is described using Statistics Canada 2016 Census of Agriculture data. As herd size increased, family corporation became the most common ownership model after accounting for herd location by region. Regardless of location, gross farm receipts, operating expenses and profit margin increased significantly with herd size. Western Canadian dairies occupied significantly larger land bases and had significantly higher profit margins compared to all other regions. New trade agreements could affect the financial stability of Canada's dairy industry; these data provide a baseline for future comparison.


Structure de propriété et statut financier des opérations laitières canadiennes. La structure de propriété et le statut financier des fermes laitières canadiennes sont décrits en utilisant les données de Statistiques Canada du Recensement en agriculture de 2016. À mesure que la taille du troupeau augmentait, la corporation familiale devenait le modèle de propriété le plus fréquent après avoir pris en compte la localisation par région du troupeau. Sans égard à la localisation, le revenu brut par ferme, les dépenses d'opération et la marge de profit augmentèrent de manière significative avec la taille du troupeau. Les fermes laitières de l'ouest canadien occupaient des fonds de terre significativement plus grands et avaient des marges de profit significativement plus élevées comparativement à toutes les autres régions. Les nouvelles ententes d'échanges commerciaux pourraient affecter la stabilité financière de l'industrie laitière canadienne; ces données fournissent une mesure de base pour des comparaisons futures.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).


Assuntos
Indústria de Laticínios , Propriedade , Agricultura , Animais , Canadá , Fazendas , Leite
7.
Can Vet J ; 59(9): 1001-1004, 2018 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30197445

RESUMO

From 2011 to 2016, both the number of cow-calf producers and farm operations in Canada decreased by 12.4%. Furthermore, the current demographics portend a similar or greater loss in the number of producers and farms by the next census (2021). This level of consolidation has implications with respect to veterinary education and how practitioners will service the cow-calf sector.


Évaluation des données démographiques des exploitations vache-veau pendant la période de 2011 à 2016. De 2011 à 2016, le nombre d'exploitations de type vache-veau au Canada a baissé de 12,4 %. De plus, les données démographiques actuelles annoncent une perte semblable ou supérieure du nombre d'éleveurs et de fermes d'ici le prochain recensement (2021). Ce niveau de consolidation aura des répercussions en lien avec la formation vétérinaire et la façon dont les praticiens desserviront le secteur vache-veau.(Traduit par Isabelle Vallières).


Assuntos
Criação de Animais Domésticos/estatística & dados numéricos , Demografia , Fazendeiros/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Animais , Canadá , Bovinos , Censos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
8.
Vet Radiol Ultrasound ; 56(1): 109-13, 2015.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24920350

RESUMO

Concerns of a shortage of board certified specialists willing to work in academia have shadowed the medical and veterinary communities for decades. As a result, a number of studies have been conducted to determine how to foster, attract, and retain specialists in academia. More recently, there has been a growing perception that it is difficult for academic institutions to hire board certified veterinary radiologists. The objective of this study was to describe the career paths (academia vs. private sector) of veterinary radiologists and to determine what factors influenced their career path decisions. A mixed mode cross-sectional survey was used to survey ACVR radiologists and residents-in-training, 48% (255/529) of which responded. There was a near unidirectional movement of radiologists from academia to the private sector: 45.7% (59/129) of the respondents who began their careers in academia had switched to the private sector while only 8% (7/88) had left the private sector for academia. If a shortage of academic radiologists exists, then perhaps the issue should be framed as a problem with retention vs. recruitment. The most influential factors in the decision to leave academia were remuneration (wages and benefits), lack of interest/enjoyment in research, geographical location, and family considerations. It is salient that average salaries increased by twofold after leaving academia for the private sector.


Assuntos
Escolha da Profissão , Radiologia , Medicina Veterinária , Centros Médicos Acadêmicos , Adulto , Idoso , Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Pesquisa Biomédica , Estudos Transversais , Tomada de Decisões , Educação em Veterinária , Emprego , Relações Familiares , Feminino , Humanos , Internato e Residência , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Seleção de Pessoal , Prática Privada , Área de Atuação Profissional , Radiologia/economia , Radiologia/educação , Salários e Benefícios , Medicina Veterinária/economia
9.
Can Vet J ; 56(12): 1245-51, 2015 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26663919

RESUMO

A mixed-mode survey was used to describe the demographics of the veterinary profession in western Canada and to assess the demand for veterinary practitioners. Data were received from 655 practices (response rate = 52%), providing demographic data on 1636 individual practitioners. Most (60%) respondents self-classified their practices as exclusively small animal, while 25% and 4% were mixed animal or exclusively food animal practices, respectively. Across all practices, 77% of practitioners' time was devoted to small animals and the average mixed animal practice devoted 60% of practitioners' time to small animals. After accounting for practices that did not respond, there were ~300 full-time equivalent (FTE) vacant positions for veterinary associates; however, only 12% of practices were in urgent need of hiring an associate veterinarian. This report informs both prospective employees and employers on the state of the marketplace for veterinary associates, and provides an overview of the demographics of the veterinary profession in western Canada.


Enquête auprès des pratiques vétérinaires de l'Ouest canadien : un profil démographique. Une enquête de type mixte a été utilisée pour décrire les données démographiques de la profession vétérinaire dans l'Ouest canadien et évaluer la demande de praticiens vétérinaires. Des données ont été reçues de 655 pratiques (taux de réponse = 52 %) et ont fourni des données démographiques sur 1636 praticiens individuels. La majorité (60 %) des répondants ont classé leur pratique comme traitant exclusivement des petits animaux, tandis que 25 % et 4 % étaient des pratiques mixtes ou exclusivement pour animaux destinés à l'alimentation. Dans toutes les pratiques, 77 % du temps des praticiens était consacré aux petits animaux et la pratique mixte moyenne consacrait 60 % du temps des praticiens aux petits animaux. Après avoir tenu compte des pratiques qui n'ont pas répondu, il y avait ~300 postes équivalent temps plein (ETP) vacants pour les vétérinaires salariés. Cependant, seulement 12 % des pratiques éprouvaient un besoin urgent d'embaucher un vétérinaire salarié. Ce rapport informe les employés et les employeurs éventuels sur l'état du marché pour les vétérinaires salariés et présente un aperçu des données démographiques de la profession vétérinaire dans l'Ouest canadien.(Traduit par Isabelle Vallières).


Assuntos
Emprego/estatística & dados numéricos , Médicos Veterinários/provisão & distribuição , Médicos Veterinários/estatística & dados numéricos , Medicina Veterinária , Adulto , Idoso , Animais , Canadá , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Animais de Estimação , Inquéritos e Questionários , Recursos Humanos
10.
Can Vet J ; 56(10): 1057-63, 2015 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26483581

RESUMO

Six years of survey data generated from the "Annual New Graduate Survey" were collated and analyzed for trends. Canadian veterinary colleges graduated 14.9% more veterinarians in 2013 than 2008; 79.3% of graduates were female and this percentage was similar across all colleges (P = 0.51). The average base salary for new graduates remained constant at ~$69 000/annum for the years 2011 to 2013. However, the mean base salary of those employed in western Canada and Ontario was higher than that of employees in Quebec and the Maritimes (P < 0.001). There were no differences in the base salaries paid to males and females (P = 0.18) nor in what small animal, food animal, and equine practices were paying new graduates (P = 0.94). The 3 most common employee benefits were: a continuing education allowance, paid licensing fees, and paid malpractice insurance premiums.


Analyse rétrospective des données de sondage relatives aux conditions d'emploi des diplômés en médecine vétérinaire canadiens pour les années de 2008 à 2013. Six années de données de sondage recueillies dans le cadre du «Sondage annuel auprès des finissants¼ ont été colligées et analysées pour déceler des tendances. Les collèges de médecine vétérinaire canadiens ont produit 14,9 % plus de vétérinaires en 2013 par rapport à 2008; 79,3 % des diplômés étaient des femmes et ce pourcentage était semblable dans tous les collèges (P = 0,51). Le salaire de base moyen pour les finissants est demeuré constant à ~69 000 $/année de 2011 à 2013. Cependant, le salaire de base moyen des diplômés embauchés dans l'Ouest canadien et l'Ontario était supérieur à celui des employés au Québec et dans les Maritimes (P < 0,001). Il n'y avait pas de différences dans les salaires de base versés aux hommes et aux femmes (P = 0,18), ni dans les salaires versés aux finissants par les pratiques pour petits animaux, celles pour animaux destinés à l'alimentation et les pratiques équines (P = 0,94). Les trois avantages sociaux les plus fréquemment offerts aux employés étaient : une indemnité de formation continue, le paiement des frais de permis et les primes de l'assurance pour faute professionnelle.(Traduit par Isabelle Vallières).


Assuntos
Emprego/estatística & dados numéricos , Salários e Benefícios/estatística & dados numéricos , Médicos Veterinários/economia , Canadá , Coleta de Dados , Educação em Veterinária/economia , Educação em Veterinária/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Faculdades de Medicina Veterinária/economia , Medicina Veterinária/economia , Medicina Veterinária/estatística & dados numéricos
11.
Can Vet J ; 56(2): 163-8, 2015 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25694666

RESUMO

The Canadian cow-calf sector is about to undergo major transformative change because of shifts in Canada's population demographics. To understand the impact of this change on the Canadian beef cow-calf sector, Statistics Canada census data from 1991 to 2011 were analyzed for trends. From 2006 to 2011, the number of Canadian cow-calf producers and operations decreased by 24.6% and 26.0%, respectively. Furthermore, as of 2011, 61.9% of producers were > 50 y of age. The number of cow-calf producers is positioned to decrease by another 40% by 2021. If Canada's cow-calf industry is to maintain its current levels of production then the average herd size will need to increase markedly. The shift towards fewer but larger operations will impact the type of veterinary services demanded by cow-calf producers, and the number of veterinarians required to service this industry. Veterinary colleges will need to examine whether they are producing graduates who will meet the changing demands of livestock producers.


Données démographiques de l'industrie d'élevage-naissage canadienne pour la période de 1991 à 2011. Le secteur du vache-veau canadien subira bientôt une transformation majeure en raison de l'évolution démographique de la population canadienne. Pour comprendre l'impact de ce changement sur le secteur vache-veau canadien, des données de recensements de Statistique Canada de 1991 à 2011 ont été analysées afin d'identifier les tendances. De 2006 à 2011, le nombre de producteurs et d'exploitations vache-veau au Canada a chuté de 24,6 % et 26 %, respectivement. De plus, en 2011, 61,9 % des producteurs étaient âgés de > 50 ans. Le nombre de producteurs vache-veau devrait chuter d'encore 40 % d'ici 2021. Pour maintenir le niveau actuel de production de l'industrie du vache-veau au Canada, la taille moyenne du cheptel devra augmenter de façon importante. La tendance vers une baisse du nombre d'exploitations, mais une croissance de la taille de ces exploitations, aura un impact sur le type de services vétérinaires demandés par les producteurs de vache-veau et le nombre de vétérinaires requis pour desservir cette industrie. Les collèges de médecine vétérinaire devront devoir examiner s'ils produisent des diplômés qui seront prêts à répondre aux besoins changeants des éleveurs.(Traduit par Isabelle Vallières).


Assuntos
Criação de Animais Domésticos/estatística & dados numéricos , Censos/história , Demografia , Adulto , Idoso , Animais , Canadá , Bovinos , Feminino , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ocupações , Medicina Veterinária
12.
Can Vet J ; 56(7): 701-8, 2015 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26130831

RESUMO

A retrospective study of the demographics of the Canadian dairy industry was conducted using data derived from Statistics Canada's Census of Agriculture from 1991 to 2011. This longitudinal study shows that Canada's dairy industry has undergone considerable consolidation. From 1991 to 2011, the number of dairy producers and dairy farms decreased by 48.9% and 61.9%, respectively. Furthermore, this trend in consolidation is likely to continue; nearly half (45.8%) of all dairy producers in Canada were ≥ 50 y of age in 2011. Not only will most of these producers be retired by 2021, but younger producers will also exit the industry for other reasons. These findings mirror what is occurring in Canada's cow-calf industry, underscoring that supply-managed sectors experience demographic consolidation similar to non-supply managed sectors. These substantial changes will have ramifications for the veterinary profession. There will be fewer but larger farms, and the services and knowledge demanded of veterinarians will change accordingly, which has implications for food animal veterinary education.


Démographie de l'industrie laitière canadienne de 1991 à 2011. Une étude rétrospective de la démographie de l'industrie laitière canadienne a été réalisée à l'aide de données dérivées de statistiques provenant du Recensement de l'agriculture de 1991 à 2011 de Statistique Canada. Cette étude longitudinale montre que l'industrie laitière du Canada a subi une consolidation considérable. De 1991 à 2011, le nombre de producteurs laitiers et de fermes laitières a chuté de 48,9 % et de 61,9 %, respectivement. De plus, cette tendance à la consolidation se poursuivra probablement; près de la moitié (45,8 %) des producteurs laitiers du Canada étaient âgés de ≥ 50 ans en 2011. La majorité de ces producteurs prendra non seulement sa retraite d'ici 2021, mais les jeunes producteurs quitteront aussi l'industrie pour d'autres raisons. Ces résultats reflètent ce qui se passe dans l'industrie d'élevage-naissage et soulignent le fait que les secteurs à offre réglementée vivent une consolidation démographique semblable à celle des secteurs qui ne sont pas à offre réglementée. Ces changements importants auront des répercussions pour la profession vétérinaire. Il y aura moins de fermes mais elles seront plus grandes et les services et les connaissances demandées évolueront considérablement, ce qui aura des conséquences pour l'enseignement de la médecine vétérinaire des animaux destinés à l'alimentation.(Traduit par Isabelle Vallières).


Assuntos
Censos/história , Indústria de Laticínios/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Envelhecimento , Criação de Animais Domésticos/estatística & dados numéricos , Animais , Canadá , Bovinos , Feminino , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos
13.
Can Vet J ; 56(11): 1134-9, 2015 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26538666

RESUMO

Gross and histologic postmortem studies were performed on the hind feet of feedlot cattle that had, or were free from, lesions of toe tip necrosis. The hind feet of feedlot cattle were collected by 3 veterinary feedlot practices in southern Alberta, Canada. Three studies of these feet were conducted: i) prediction of disease based on the presence or absence of apical white line separation, ii) gross assessment of the distribution and severity of lesions within affected claws, and iii) microscopic evaluation of the distal phalanx and surrounding soft tissues of affected claws. Prediction of toe tip necrosis based on the presence of apical white line separation was statistically significant (P < 0.0001). This, combined with a pattern of lesions indicative of an ascending infection of the distal phalanx and the absence of other lesions, suggests that the pathogenesis involves bacterial infection originating from the most distal aspect of the toe, at the apical white line.


Les lésions de la nécrose du bout des orteils chez le bétail des parcs d'engraissement du sud de l'Alberta fournissent des renseignements sur la pathogénèse de la maladie. Des études post-mortem macroscopiques et histologiques ont été réalisées sur les pieds arrière du bétail d'engraissement qui avait ou n'avait pas des lésions de nécrose du bout des orteils. Les pieds arrière du bétail d'engraissement ont été recueillis par trois pratiques vétérinaires de parcs d'engraissement du sud de l'Alberta, au Canada. Trois études de ces pieds ont été réalisées : i) prédiction de la maladie en fonction de la présence ou de l'absence d'une séparation de la ligne blanche apicale, ii) une évaluation macroscopique de la répartition et de la gravité des lésions dans les onglons affectés et iii) une évaluation microscopique des phalanges distales et des tissus mous entourant les onglons affectés. La prédiction de la nécrose du bout des orteils basée sur la présence d'une séparation de la ligne blanche apicale était significative du point de vue statistique (P < 0,0001). Ce fait, combiné à une tendance de lésions indiquant une infection ascendante des phalanges distales et l'absence d'autres lésions, suggère que la pathogénèse comporte une infection bactérienne provenant de l'aspect le plus distal de l'orteil, à la ligne blanche apicale.(Traduit par Isabelle Vallières).


Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/patologia , Doenças do Pé/veterinária , Alberta/epidemiologia , Animais , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Feminino , Doenças do Pé/epidemiologia , Doenças do Pé/patologia , Casco e Garras/patologia , Masculino , Necrose
14.
BMC Vet Res ; 10: 120, 2014 May 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24884592

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The intestinal tract harbours a complex and diverse microbial population that is important for health, yet has been poorly described in many species. This study explored the fecal microbiota of semi-free-ranging Wood bison (Bison bison athabascae). RESULTS: A total of 2081936 16S rRNA (V4) sequences from 40 bison were evaluated. CatchAll analysis of richness predicted a mean of 10685 species per sample (range 5428-24764, SD 4136). Diversity was high, with an average inverse Simpson's index of 31.78 (SD 15.3, range 8.55-86.7). Twenty-one different phyla were identified; however, only Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria accounted for >1% of sequences. Two distinct population clusters (Group A, n = 19 and Group B, n = 21) were evident based on both community membership and population structure. Group A had a significantly lower relative abundance of Actinobacteria (6.4 vs 11.8%, P = 0.002), Chloroflexi (0.002 vs 0.013%, P = 0.014), Gemmatimonadetes (0.007 vs 0.15%, P = 0.038) and Proteobacteria (18.7 vs 42.5%, P = <0.0001) and a greater relative abundance of Firmicutes (70.9 vs 39.3%, P < 0.0001) than Group B. Within Group B, Alphaproteobacteria was the most common class of Proteobacteria (28% of all sequences), while Caulobacteraceae (18.5%), Pseudomonadaceae (3.5%), Hyphomicrobiaceae (3.5%), Alcaligenaceae (3.1%) and Xanthomonadaceae (2.6%) were the most abundant families. The twenty (3.1%) most abundant genera accounted for 71% of sequences. No operational taxon units (OTUs) were found in all samples at a relative abundance of 1% or greater. One OTU (Clostridium cluster XI) was present at 1% or more in all Group A samples, with two other Clostridium cluster XI OTUs in 18/19 (95%) samples. No OTUs were found at that abundance in all Group B sample, but an unclassified Lachnospiraceae was present in 20/21 (95%) and Clostridium cluster XI and Brevundimonas were found in 19 (90%) samples. CONCLUSIONS: The fecal microbiota of Wood bison is rich and diverse. The presence of two distinct populations not associated with housing, age or gender suggest that enterotypes, distinctly different microbial population compositions that can achieve the same ultimate function, might be present in bison, as has been suggested in humans.


Assuntos
Bactérias/classificação , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Bison/microbiologia , Fezes/microbiologia , Animais , Bactérias/genética , Feminino , Masculino , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética
15.
Can Vet J ; 54(3): 267-70, 2013 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23997264

RESUMO

This study determined skills required of entry-level veterinarians for dairy practice in western Canada and compared mixed and dairy practitioners in the skills that they perform. We surveyed western Canadian veterinarians involved in dairy practice, focusing primarily on clinical activity of respondents. Response rate was 39.4% (281/714). Respondents were classified as either mixed practitioners (< 10% time in dairy practice) or dairy practitioners (> 75% time in dairy practice). For both groups, individual animal medicine and surgery skills were performed more commonly than herd health skills. The most important skills identified were those required for basic theriogenology, physical examination, treatment of common disorders, and general surgery. These results underscore the continued importance of individual animal skills in food animal practice in western Canada.


Compétences requises par les vétérinaires laitiers de l'Ouest canadien: sondage auprès des vétérinaires praticiens. Cette étude a déterminé les compétences requises par les vétérinaires de niveau d'entrée pour la pratique laitière dans l'Ouest canadien et a comparé les praticiens mixtes et laitiers dans les compétences qu'ils mettent en pratique. Nous avons effectué une enquête auprès des vétérinaires de l'Ouest canadien œuvrant dans la pratique laitière, en nous concentrant principalement sur l'activité clinique des répondants. Le taux de réponse a été de 39,4 % (281/714). Les répondants ont été classés soient comme des praticiens mixtes (< 10 % du temps en pratique laitière) ou des praticiens laitiers (> 75 % du temps en pratique laitière). Pour les deux groupes, la médecine des animaux individuels et les compétences chirurgicales étaient mises en pratique plus couramment que les compétences de santé du troupeau. Les compétences les plus importantes identifiées étaient celles requises pour la thériogénélogie de base, l'examen physique, le traitement des affections courantes et la chirurgie générale. Ces résultats soulignent l'importance continue des compétences portant sur les animaux individuels dans la pratique des animaux destinés à l'alimentation de l'Ouest canadien.(Traduit par Isabelle Vallières).


Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/diagnóstico , Doenças dos Bovinos/terapia , Indústria de Laticínios/normas , Competência Profissional/normas , Médicos Veterinários/normas , Medicina Veterinária/normas , Animais , Canadá , Bovinos , Coleta de Dados , Feminino , Humanos , Exame Físico , Inquéritos e Questionários
16.
Can Vet J ; 54(6): 559-64, 2013 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24155446

RESUMO

Cow-calf producers in western Canada were surveyed in June 2010 regarding calf-hood diseases and veterinary service usage; 310 producers responded. Use of veterinary services, particularly herd-health related services, increased with herd size as did neonatal diarrhea and clostridial vaccine usage. Administration of clostridial vaccines to pregnant dams before calving was associated with a reduction in neonatal diarrhea treatments; however, there was no association between neonatal diarrhea vaccine usage and a reduction in diarrhea treatments. Producers with > 220 breeding females were more likely than those with < 85 breeding females to seek veterinary advice regarding treating sick calves, have a veterinarian necropsy dead calves, have a veterinarian pregnancy check their bred females, and evaluate their herd bulls for breeding soundness.


Sondage auprès des producteurs de bovins de boucherie canadiens concernant les maladies des veaux, les pratiques de gestion et l'usage des services vétérinaires. Un sondage a été réalisé en juin 2010 auprès d'éleveurs-naisseurs de l'Ouest canadien sur les maladies des veaux et l'usage des services vétérinaires; 310 producteurs ont répondu. L'usage des services vétérinaires, particulièrement les services associés à la santé du troupeau, augmentait en fonction de la taille du troupeau, tout comme la diarrhée néonatale et l'usage du vaccin clostridial. L'administration de vaccins clostridiaux aux vaches gravides avant le vêlage a été associée à une réduction des traitements de la diarrhée néonatale; cependant, il n'y avait aucune association entre l'usage de vaccins néonataux et une réduction des traitements de la diarrhée. Il était plus probable que les producteurs ayant > 220 femelles reproductrices obtiennent des conseils vétérinaires concernant le traitement des veaux malades, demandent à un vétérinaire de réaliser une nécropsie des veaux morts, aient une consultation gestationnelle avec un vétérinaire pour les femelles accouplées et évaluent les taureaux du troupeau pour l'aptitude à l'utilisation comme reproducteur que les producteurs ayant < 85 femelles d'élevage.(Traduit par Isabelle Vallières).


Assuntos
Criação de Animais Domésticos/métodos , Doenças dos Bovinos/prevenção & controle , Medicina Veterinária/estatística & dados numéricos , Animais , Cruzamento/métodos , Canadá/epidemiologia , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Coleta de Dados , Feminino , Masculino , Gravidez , Inquéritos e Questionários , Médicos Veterinários
17.
Can Vet J ; 53(6): 673-5, 2012 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23204590

RESUMO

A manpower survey of veterinary practices in western Canada found that there were potentially 314 full-time equivalent veterinary vacancies. However, only 8% of the respondents were in urgent need of another veterinarian. The results underscore that hiring intentions are best viewed as a continuum and not as a simple dichotomous variable: "Looking to hire? (Yes/No)".


Assuntos
Técnicos em Manejo de Animais , Emprego , Médicos Veterinários/provisão & distribuição , Medicina Veterinária/estatística & dados numéricos , Técnicos em Manejo de Animais/estatística & dados numéricos , Canadá , Emprego/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Recursos Humanos , Carga de Trabalho
18.
J Am Vet Med Assoc ; 258(11): 1243-1253, 2021 Jun 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33978445

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To identify and quantify potential ergonomic hazards associated with routine reproductive examinations of cattle. SAMPLE: 7 bovine veterinarians. PROCEDURES: Each veterinarian was observed and videotaped during 2 bovine reproductive examination appointments. During each appointment, a force-matching protocol was used to estimate the entry force used by the veterinarian to insert an arm into a cow's rectum. Veterinarian posture and repetitive movements and the work environment were assessed and quantified during review of the video recordings. Descriptive data were generated. RESULTS: Of the 14 appointments observed, 9 and 5 involved examination of beef and dairy cows, respectively. For all veterinarians, an arm inclination ≥ 60° was observed during most reproductive examinations. The number of examinations performed per hour ranged from 19.1 to 116.8. The estimated entry force ranged from 121 to 349 N. During all 9 appointments involving beef cows, the veterinarian participated in other tasks (eg, operating overhead levers, opening gates, or assisting with cattle handling) that represented ergonomic hazards. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results confirmed that reproductive examination of cattle exposes veterinarians to various ergonomic hazards involving awkward positions and repetitive and forceful exertions that can contribute to musculoskeletal discomfort and injury, particularly of the upper extremities (neck, shoulders, upper back, arms, elbows, wrists, and hands). Veterinarians frequently participated in other tasks during reproductive examination appointments that exposed them to additional ergonomic hazards. Risk mitigation strategies should prioritize minimizing exposure of veterinarians to tasks not directly associated with the reproductive examination procedure to decrease their overall ergonomic hazard burden.


Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos , Doenças Profissionais , Médicos Veterinários , Animais , Bovinos , Ergonomia , Feminino , Humanos , Doenças Profissionais/veterinária , Postura , Local de Trabalho
19.
Can Vet J ; 51(12): 1367-72, 2010 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21358929

RESUMO

Veterinary directories from Canada's 4 western provincial veterinary associations provided source data for compiling demographic profiles of the veterinary profession for the years 1991, 1996, 2001, and 2007. From 1991 to 2007 the number of veterinary practitioners in western Canada increased by 1197 (79%), for a net gain of 75 veterinarians/y. Of these, 786 (66%) were companion animal (CA) practitioners, 184 (15%) mixed animal (MA) practitioners, 96 (8%) food animal (FA) practitioners, and 131 (11%) were classified as "Other." The number of veterinary clinics also increased over this same period by 301 (38%), of which 266 (88%) were CA practices, 5 (2%) MA practices, and 31 (10%) FA practices. The majority of CA (75%), MA (68%), and FA (86%) practices had ≤ 2 veterinarians.


Assuntos
Médicos Veterinários/psicologia , Médicos Veterinários/estatística & dados numéricos , Medicina Veterinária , Canadá , Escolha da Profissão , Demografia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medicina Veterinária/estatística & dados numéricos , Medicina Veterinária/tendências , Recursos Humanos
20.
J Anim Sci ; 98(1)2020 Jan 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31875222

RESUMO

Ovariectomy (spaying) using the trans-vaginal dropped ovary technique (DOT) is performed to prevent pregnancy in cull female beef cattle that are not retained for breeding stock in areas practicing extensive grazing management. There are no reports describing analgesia for this surgical procedure. The objective of this study was to measure behavioral and physiological responses to determine whether an analgesic protocol of BXK [butorphanol (0.01 mg/kg), xylazine (0.02 mg/kg), and ketamine (0.04 mg/kg)] injected intramuscularly (i.m.) before spaying could mitigate procedural and immediate postsurgical pain, and whether oral meloxicam (1 mg/kg) administered at the time of spaying could mitigate postsurgical inflammatory pain. Forty-four red Angus and Angus crossbred yearling heifers (322 ± 27.0 kg BW) were randomly allocated to 1 of 3 groups: PALP (control; palpated but not spayed; n = 14), SPAY (spayed with no analgesia; n = 15), and BXKM (spayed with analgesia; n = 15). Behavioral measurements included visual analog scale (VAS) score, flight speed (FS), stride length (SL), and gait score (GS), as well as activity (lying, standing) and feeding behavior. Physiological measurements included salivary cortisol (SC), haptoglobin (Hp), serum amyloid A (SAA), substance P (SP), complete blood count (CBC), and rectal temperature (RT). Saliva and blood samples were collected, and RT, FS, SL, and GS were measured on day -1, day 0 (time of palpation/spaying), and hours 1, 2, 4, and days 1, 2, 4, and 7 after palpation/spaying. The BXKM heifers had lower SC concentrations than SPAY heifers at 1 h (P = 0.01) and 2 h (P = 0.004). Heifers treated with BXKM had Hp concentrations lower than SPAY heifers at 2 d (P = 0.01), 4 d (P < 0.001), and 7 d (P = 0.008), and lower Hp concentrations than PALP heifers at 4 d (P < 0.001). Concentrations of SAA were greater (P = 0.04) in BXKM heifers than in PALP heifers at 1 h and lower in PALP heifers than in BXKM heifers (P = 0.02) and SPAY heifers (P = 0.05) at 1 d. Heifers in the BXKM group had higher RT than PALP and SPAY heifers at 1 h (P < 0.001) and 2 h (P = 0.004). Results suggest that DOT ovariectomy is acutely stressful and painful and administration of BXK before spaying and meloxicam at the time of spaying mitigated the procedural and postsurgical stress, pain, and inflammation.


Assuntos
Analgésicos/administração & dosagem , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/administração & dosagem , Bovinos/fisiologia , Inflamação/veterinária , Meloxicam/administração & dosagem , Ovariectomia/veterinária , Bem-Estar do Animal , Animais , Biomarcadores/análise , Cruzamento , Bovinos/cirurgia , Feminino , Inflamação/prevenção & controle , Inflamação/terapia , Ovariectomia/efeitos adversos , Ovário/cirurgia , Dor/prevenção & controle , Dor/veterinária
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